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सुयाम (suyAma)

 
Capeller Eng
English
सुयाम॑
a.
 well guiding.
Monier Williams Cologne
English
सु—याम॑
mfn.
 binding or restraining well (as reins),
RV.
सु—याम॑
m.
N.
 of a Deva-putra,
Lalit.
सु—याम॑
m.
pl.
 a partic. class of gods,
MBh.
Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid
English
Suyāma (= Pali id.), n. of the head of the yāma (q.v.) gods: Suyāmadevaputrapramukhāḥ yāmā (so read with v.l. and Calc., supported by Tib., for Lefm. suyāmā) devāḥ LV 〔364.15〕
yāmādhipatiṃ … ca suyāmaṃ Mv 〔i.265.6〕 (so read for Senart Va-suyāmā, v.l. ca Suyāmā)
note also LV 〔58.21〕
〔302.6〕, in both of which the official position of S. is clear from the context
apparently the same, in general clearly a single individual, lord of his class, LV 〔44.10〕
〔58.21〕
〔241.1〕
〔441.17〕
(formally not clear whether sg. or pl., but surely sg., LV 〔50.5〕
〔327.18〕
〔328.3〕
) Mv 〔i.208.13〕
〔230.13〕
〔263.19〕
〔ii.11.1〕
〔iii.315.6〕
Mvy 〔3138〕
Mmk 〔69.5〕 (misprinted Sayāma)
Bbh 〔340.14〕
cases where Su° seems to be pluralized, as if used for the class of yāma gods as a whole, are prob. only apparent
so daśa ca Suyāma-devarāja-sahasrāṇi Gv 〔118.22〕, compare the parallel daśa ca śakra-devendra-śatasahasrāṇi 〔119.1〕 (Śakra was certainly a single individual
similar phrases with Vaśavarti 〔117.21〕
Sunirmita 〔118.3〕
and Saṃtuṣita 〔118.15〕)
cf. Gv 〔185.7〕
similarly in Gv 〔249.21〕 Suyāmadevarāja- is followed in 22 by parallel Śakra-devarāja- (and preceded by Vaśavarti- 〔17〕, Sunirmita- 〔18〕, and Saṃtuṣita- 〔20〕, all names of the individual rulers of their classes)
and likewise Gv 〔331.8〕. Accordingly we should interpret Suyāma patiḥ RP 〔52.18〕 and Suyāmādhipatir Dbh.g. 〔53(79).14〕 as Suyāma the Lord (of yāma gods). In the Dbh.g. passage we find, to be sure, as a parallel, trayastriṃśādhipo bhavet 〔53(79).8〕, which can only mean lord of the Trayastriṃśa (class)
but note Saṃtuṣitādhipo 〔22〕, Sunirmitādhipo 〔54(80).1〕, and Vaśavartīśvaro (the Lord Vaśavartin) bhavet 〔9〕 (in all these adhipo, īśvaro may be separate words, not necessarily parts of cpds.!) and esp. Brahmā sāhasrikādhipaḥ 〔17〕. So in the RP context we find (〔52.17〕, vs) Brahmāpi Śakra api lokapatiḥ bhavate ca Saṃtusita devapatiḥ (may be read as separate words!), (〔18〕) Paranirmito 'pi ca Suyāma patiḥ (this may also be two words!) …
Mahabharata
English
Suyāma, pl. (ºāḥ), a class of gods. § 730 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 18, †1371.
Capeller
German
सुयाम॑ gut lenkend.
Grassman
German
su-yāmá, a., gut lenkend.
-ā́s raśmáyas {241, 9}.