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श्वेतकेतु (zvetaketu)

 
शब्दसागरः
English
श्वेतकेतु
m.
 (-तुः) A Bauddha or Jaina saint.
E.
 श्वेत white, केतु a banner.
Capeller Eng
English
श्वेत॑केतु
m.
 a man's name.
Yates
English
श्वेत-केतु (तुः) 2.
m.
 A
Bauddha.
Spoken Sanskrit
English
श्वेतकेतु - zvetaketu -
m.
 - jaina saint
Wilson
English
श्वेतकेतु
m.
 (-तुः) A Bauddha or Jaina saint.
E.
 श्वेत white, and केतु a banner.
Monier Williams Cologne
English
श्वेत॑—केतु (श्वेत॑-),
m.
N.
 of a comet (also called Uddālaka-śvetá),
VarBṛS.
a Jaina saint,
L.
N.
 of Auddālaki,
ŚBr.
of Āruṇeya, ib.
&c.
of a son of Sena-jit,
Hariv.
of Gautama Buddha as a Bodhi-sattva,
Lalit.
Apte Hindi
Hindi
श्वेतकेतुः
पुं*
 श्वेतः-केतुः -
बौद्ध श्रमण या जैनसाधु
Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum
English
श्वेतकेतु Quoted in Āpastambadharmasūtra 1, 13, 18.
Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid
English
Śvetaketu (= Pali Setaketu), n. of a previous incarnation of Śākyamuni in the Tuṣita heaven: Mv 〔i.337.14, 18〕
LV 〔10.16〕.
Mahabharata
English
Śvetaketu^1, a muni, son of Uddālaka. § 59 (Sarpasattra): I, 53, 2047 (among the sadasyas at the snake sacrifice of Janamejaya).--§ 187b (Pāṇḍu): The muni Ś., son of Uddālaka, established the present usage among men that the sin of violating matrimonial chastity is regarded like to that of killing an embryo
this Ś. established from anger, as one day, in the presence of his father, a brahman came and seized his mother by the hand and took her away
Uddālaka, however, excused the fact as it was the practice sanctioned by antiquity: I, 122, 4724, 4725, 4726, 4728, 4730, 4735 (Uddālakasya putreṇa).--§ 266 (Śakrasabhāv.): II, 7, 294 (in the palace of Indra).--§ 412 (Ashṭāvakrīya): III, 132, †10597 (Auddālakiḥ), †10598, †10599 (Auddālakiḥ), †10609, †10614, †10615, †10617 (Ś. was of the same age as Ashṭāvakra, the son of Uddālaka's daughter, who regarded Ś. as his brother
Ś. informed Ashṭāvakra that Uddālaka was not his father, then they both repaired to the sacrifice of Janaka).--§ 635 (Rājadharm.): XII, 34, 1229 (Uddālaka caused his son Ś. to be begotten by a disciple).--§ 640 (do.): XII, 57, 2056 (Uddālaka cast off Ś. because he deceived brahmans).--§ 775 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 166, 7671 (Auddālakiḥ, among the ṛshis of the north)
Śvetaketu^2 = Śvetaki: I, 223, v. 69 (the ś{??} is wanting in C.).
पुराणम्
English
श्वेतकेतु / ŚVETAKETU. A Maharṣi.1) Birth. śvetaketu was the son of the sage āruṇi or uddālaka who was born in the gautama clan. śvetaketu had a sister named sujātā. aṣṭāvakra was her son by the sage, Kahoṭaka. Thus śvetaketu was Aṣṭāvakra's uncle. śvetaketu and aṣṭāvakra grew up together in Uddālaka's āśrama. (See under aṣṭāvakra). 2) Pride perishes. Under his father's training śvetaketu became a great scholar. With the increase in his scholarship, he became very proud. The father who understood this called him to his side and asked him:“By studying all about what you can see, hear and understand, have you learnt anything about what you cannot see, hear or understand?” śvetaketu admitted that he did not know. Then uddālaka explained to him the mystery of paramātmā (universal soul) which is without beginning or end. (Chāndogyopaniṣad).3) śvetaketu in pāñcāla. After completing his education under his father, śvetaketu went to pāñcāla. There, in the royal assembly Jaivali, the pravāhaṇa King asked him the following questions:--“Where do people go from this world? How do they return? Where do Devayāna and Pitṛyāna meet? From where do they diverge? Why is Pitṛloka imperfect? What is the fifth yajñabali?”
śvetaketu answered that he did not know because his father had not taught him these things. Then he went to his father āruṇi and told him about his failure to answer these questions. The father admitted that he too did not know them and suggested that they should ask pravāhaṇa himself. Since śvetaketu refused to go with him to see the King, uddālaka himself went to Prāvahaṇa. The King enlightened him on the above topics and sent him back. (Chāndogyopaniṣad 1. 8).4) Ācārya of yajña Rules. In Kauṣītaki brāhmaṇa, śvetaketu is described as the Ācārya of the rules of yajña. He has laid down definite rules and procedures for priests officiating in Yajñas. Besides, he has suggested the different customs and practices to be observed by Brahmacārins and tapasvins. In the treatises dealing with Dharmaśāstra before his time, food of sweet taste was denied to Brahmacārins. But śvetaketu has pointed out that it was an entirely wrong doctrine. (Gopatha brāhmaṇa, 1. 33
Sāṁkhyāyana brāhmaṇa, 1. 33).
Once an ācārya named Jātūkaṛṇya became the priest of the Kings of kāśī, kosala and videha. śvetaketu who was angry at this complained bitterly about this to his father. Then uddālaka reminded his son that priests should yearn for wisdom instead of being attracted by worldly pleasures.5) Author of Kāmaśāstra. It is more or less clear that it was śvetaketu who abridged the original work on Kāmaśāstra by Nandi, into 500 chapters. This abridgement of śvetaketu was again abridged after some years by bābhravya. It was after abridging it again and adding Dattakācārya's “Vaiśika” and Suvarṇanābha's “Sāmprayogika” etc., that Vātsyāyana composed his famous treatise “Kāmasūtra”. Really speaking, the basis of Vātsyāyana's “Kāmasūtra” was the works of bābhravya and śvetaketu on Kāmaśāstra.
It has been observed that the first person who raised his voice against the evils of drinking and adultery by the brāhmaṇa community was śvetaketu. There is a story in the mahābhārata about the fact which prompted him to bring marriage within the framework of law. śvetaketu was Uddālaka's son, born to his wife by one of his disciples. (M.B. śānti Parva, Chapter 35, Verse 22). Once his mother was abducted by a brāhmaṇa. This incident inspired him to make stringent laws insisting on monogamy for men and women.
Vedic Reference
English
Śveta-ketu Aruṇeya^1 (‘descendant of Aruṇa’) or Auddālaki^2
(‘son of Uddālaka’) is mentioned repeatedly in the Śatapatha
Brāhmaṇa and the Chāndogya Upaniṣad. In the Kauṣītaki
Upaniṣad^3 he appears as Śvetaketu, son of Āruṇi, and as a
Gautama. In the Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa^4 he is quoted as an
authority on the vexed question of the duty of the Sadasya, or
the seventeenth priest, at the ritual of the Kauṣītakins, to
notify errors in the sacrifice
Āruṇi, his father, is also cited.
He was a person of some originality, for he insisted on eating
honey despite the general prohibition of the use of that
delicacy by Brahmacārins or religious students.^5 He was a
contemporary of, and was instructed by the Pañcāla king
Pravāhaṇa Jaivala.^6 He was also a contemporary of Janaka,
of Videha, and figured among the Brahmin disputants at his
court.^7 A story is told of him in the Śāṅkhāyana Śrauta
Sūtra:^8 Jala Jātūkarṇya was lucky enough to become the
Purohita of three peoples or kings, of Kāśi, Kosala, and
Videha. Seeing this, Śvetaketu felt annoyed and reproached
his father with his excessive devotion to sacrifice, which merely
enriched and glorified others, not himself. His father replied,
forbidding him to speak thus: he had learned the true method
of sacrificing, and his ambition in life had been to discuss it
with every Brahmin.
All the references to Śvetaketu belong to the latest period of
Vedic literature. It is, therefore, not surprising that the Āpa-
stamba Dharma Sūtra^9 should refer to him as an Avara, or
person of later days, who still became a Ṛṣi by special merit.
His date, however, must not be fixed too low, because the
Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa in which he plays so marked a part is
certainly earlier than Pāṇini, and was apparently even in that
grammarian's time believed to be an ancient work: hence
500 B.C. is probably rather too late than too early a period for
Śvetaketu as a rough approximation to a date.^10
1) Satapatha Brāhmaṇa, xi. 2, 7, 12
5, 4, 18
6, 2, 1
xii. 2, 1, 9
Bṛhad-
āraṇyaka Upaniṣad, iii. 7, 1
vi. 1, 1
(Mādhyaṃdina = vi. 2, 1 Kāṇva)
Chān-
dogya Upaniṣad, v. 3, 1
vi. 1, 1
8, 1.
2) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, iii. 4, 3, 13
iv. 2, 5, 14.
3) i. 1.
4) xxvi. 4.
5) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, xi. 5, 4, 18.
6) Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, vi. 1, 1
(Mādhyaṃdina = vi. 2, 1 Kāṇva)
Chān-
dogya Upaniṣad, v. 3, 1.
7) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, xi. 6, 2, 1
(it is to be noted that he came upon
Janaka when travelling about with some
other Brahmins: he was never settled
in the Videha country, but was clearly
a Kuru-Pañcāla, like his father)
Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, iii. 7, 1,
where he shares the usual fate of
defeat in argument by Yājñavalkya.
8) xvi. 27, 6 et seq. The exact sense
of kṛtsnake brahmabandhau vyajijñāsiṣi is
not quite certain. But Āruṇi seems to
assert the love of knowledge, not of
material advantages accruing to the
Purohita, to have been his concern
in life.
9) i. 2, 5, 4-6.
10) See on this, Bühler, Sacred Books
of the East, 2, xxxvii et seq.
Eggeling,
Sacred Books of the East, 12, xxxv et seq.
Max Müller, Ancient Sanskrit Literature,
360 et seq.
Weber, Indische Studien, 5,
65
13, 443
Keith, Aitareya Āraṇyaka,
22 et seq.
Cf. Muir, Sanskrit Texts, 1^2, 433
Max Müller, Ancient Sanskrit Literature,
421 et seq.
Oldenberg, Buddha, 397, n.
शब्दकल्पद्रुमः
Sanskrit
श्वेतकेतुः,
पुं,
 (श्वेतः केतुर्यस्य ।) बुद्धः । इतित्रिकाण्डशेषः ॥
केतुग्रहविशेषः । यथा, --“केतवो ह्यत्र दृश्यन्ते वारुणास्त्रय एव ते ।ऊर्म्मिकेतुः श्वेतकेतुर्धूमकेतुस्तृतीयकः ॥
श्वेतकेतुर्यदा दृश्येत् श्वेतास्थि कुरुते महीम् ।तदा मानुषमांसानि भक्षयन्तीह मानुषाः ॥
क्षुद्भयार्त्तं जगत् कृतस्वं चक्रवद्भ्रमते तदा ॥
”अपि च ।“श्वेतः शस्त्राकुलं कुर्य्यात्लोहितस्त्वग्निजं भयम्क्षुद्भयं पीतकः कुर्य्यात् कृष्णो रोगमथोल्वणम् ॥
”अन्यच्च ।“अवन्ती पुष्करारण्यं यावद्धन्यात्तथापरान् ।देशान् कचित् कृचिद्रोगदुर्भिक्षैः परिपीडितान्श्वेताख्यस्तु जटाकारी श्यामो व्योमत्रिभा-गगः ।निवर्त्ततेऽपसव्येन त्रिभागीकुरुते प्रजाः ॥
”इति समयामृतम् ॥
(मुनिविशेषः । यथा, महाभारते । १ । ५ । ३ । ७ ।“उद्दालकः प्रमतकः श्वेतकेतुश्च पिङ्गलः ॥
”स तु उद्दालकमुनेः पुत्त्रः । पुरा किल नार्य्यःप्रायशः पूर्वपतिं परित्यज्य पत्यन्तरं जगृहुः ।अनेन तु तद्दोषमपाकृष्य समाजमर्य्यादास्थापिता । यथा, महाभारते । १ । १२२ । ९ -- २०“बमूवोद्दालको नाम महषिरिति नः श्रुतम् ।श्वेतकेतुरितिख्यातः पुत्त्रस्तस्याभवन्मुनिः ॥
मर्य्यातेयं कृता तेन धर्म्या वै श्वेतकेतुना ।कोपात्कमसपत्राक्षि ! यदर्थं तं निबोध मे ॥
श्वेतकेतोः किल पुरा समक्षं मातरं पितुः ।जग्राहं ब्राह्मणः पाणौ गच्छाव इति चाब्रवीत् ॥
ऋषिपुत्त्रस्ततः कोपं चकारामर्षचोदितः ।मातरं तां तथा दृष्ट्वा नीयमानां बलादिव ॥
क्रूद्धं तन्तु पिता दृष्ट्वा श्वेतकेतुमुवाच ह ।मा तात कोप कार्षीस्त्वमेष धर्म्मः सनातनः ॥
अनावृता हि सर्वेषां वर्णानामङ्गना भुवि ।यथा गावः स्थितास्तात स्वे स्वे वर्णे तथाप्रजाः ॥
ऋषिपुत्त्रोऽथ तं धर्मं श्वेतकेतुर्न चक्षमे ।चकार चैव मर्य्यादामिमां स्त्रीपुंसयोर्भुवि ॥
मानुषेषु महाभागे न त्वेवान्येषु जन्तुषु ।तदाप्रभृति मर्य्यादा स्थितेयमिति नः श्रुतम् ॥
व्युच्चरन्त्याः पतिं नार्य्या अद्यप्रभुति पातकम् ।भ्रूणहत्यासमं घोरं भविष्यत्यसुखावहम् ॥
भाय्यां तथा व्युच्चरतः कौमारब्रह्मचारिणीम् ।पतित्रतामेतदेव भविता पातकं भुवि ॥
पत्या नियुक्ता या चैव पत्नी पुत्त्रार्थमेव च ।न करिष्यति तस्याश्च भविष्यति तदेव हि ॥
इति तेन पुरा भीरु मर्य्यादा स्थापिता बलात्उद्दालकस्य पुत्त्रेण धर्म्म्या वै श्वेतकेतुना ॥
”)
वाचस्पत्यम्
Sanskrit
श्वेतकेतु
पु०
 कर्म० १ वारुणे केतुग्रहभेदे २ छान्दोग्यवसिद्धेवारुणौ ऋषिभेदे ३ बुद्धे त्रिका० ।“केतबो ह्यत्र दृश्यन्ते वारुणास्त्रय एव ते । ऊर्मि-केतुः श्वेतकेतुस मकतुस्तृतीयकः । श्वतकेतुरयदा दृश्यःश्वेतास्थिं करुत महीम् । तदा मानुषमांसानि भक्षय-न्तीह मानुषाः क्षुद्भयार्त्तं जमत् कृत्स्नं चक्रवद्र-भ्रमते तदा” । अपि च “श्वेतः शस्त्राकुलं कुर्य्यात्लोहितस्त्वग्निज भयम् । क्षुद्भय पीतकः कुर्य्यात् कृष्णोरोगमथोल्वणम्” । अन्यच्च “अवन्ती पुष्करारण्यं याव-द्धन्यात्तथापरान् । देशान् क्वचित् क्वच्चिद्रोगदुर्भिक्षैःपरिपीडितान् । श्वेताख्यस्तु जटाकारी श्यःमो व्योमत्रिभागगः । निवर्त्ततेऽपसव्ये न त्रिभागी कुरुते प्रजाः”इति समयामृतधृतवाक्यम् ।
Capeller
German
श्वेत॑केतु
m.
 Mannsname.