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व्रात्य (vrAtya)

 
शब्दसागरः
English
व्रात्य
m.
 (-त्यः)
1. A Brāhman, or man of the three first classes, in
whose youth the customary observances have been omitted, and
who has not received his investiture with the sacred thread.
2. A
low person.
f.
 (-त्या) A female of a fallen Brāhman.
E.
 व्रात, य
aff.
Capeller Eng
English
व्रा॑त्य
m.
 vagrant, tramp, outcast
abstr.
 °ता†
f.
Yates
English
व्रात्य (त्यः) 1.
m.
 A
brāhman disquali-
fied for being invested.
Spoken Sanskrit
English
व्रात्य vrAtya
adj.
 belonging to the vrata called mahAvrata
व्रात्य vrAtya
m.
 out-caste
व्रात्य vrAtya
m.
 man of the mendicant or vagrant class
व्रात्य vrAtya
m.
 low or vile person
व्रात्य vrAtya
m.
 tramp
Wilson
English
व्रात्य
m.
 (-त्यः) A Brahman, or man of the three first classes, in
whose youth the customary observances have been omitted, and who has not
received his investiture with the sacred thread.
f.
 (-त्या) A female of a
fallen Brahman, &c.
E.
 व्रात, and य
aff.
Apte
English
व्रात्यः [vrātyḥ], [व्रातात् समूहात् च्यवति यत्]
A man of the first three classes who has lost his caste owing to the nanperformance of the principal Saṁskāras or purificatory rites (especially investiture with the sacred thread) over him, an outcast
सावित्रीपतिता व्रात्या भवन्त्यार्यविगर्हिताः
Ms.*
 2. 39
सौराष्ट्रावन्त्याभीराश्च शूरा अर्बुदमालवाः । व्रात्या द्विजा भविष्यन्ति शूद्रप्राया जनाधिपाः
Bhāg.*
 12.1.38
भवत्या हि व्रात्याधमपतित- पाखण्डपरिषत्परित्राणस्नेहः G. L.* 37.
A low or vile person in general
vagrant.
A man of a particular inferior tribe (the descendant of a Śūdra father and Kṣatriya mother). -त्या The daughter of an outcast.
Comp.
 -चर्या the life and practice of a vagrant. -ब्रुवः one who calls himself a Vrātya. -स्तोमः
N.
 of a sacrifice performed to recover the rights forfeited by the nonperformance of the due Saṁskāras.
Apte 1890
English
व्रात्यः [व्रातात् समूहात च्यवति यत्] 1 A man of the first three classes who has lost his caste owing to the non-performance of the principal Saṃskāras or purificatory rites (especially investiture with the sacred thread) over him, an outcast
भवत्या हि व्र त्याधमपतितपाखंडपरिषत्परित्राणस्नेहः G. L. 37.
2 A low or vile person in general.
3 A man of a particular inferior tribe (the descendant of a Śūdra father and Kṣatriya mother).
त्या The daughter of an outcast.
Comp.
ब्रुवः one who calls himself a Vrātya.
स्तोमः N. of a sacrifice performed to rec over the rights forfeited by the non-performance of the due Saṃskāras.
Monier Williams Cologne
English
व्रा॑त्य
m.
 a man of the mendicant or vagrant class, a tramp, out-caste, low or vile person (either a man who has lost caste through non-observance of the ten principal Saṃskāras, or a man of a partic. low caste descended from a Śūdra and a Kṣatriyā
accord.
 to some ‘the illegitimate son of a Kṣatriya who knows the habits and intentions of soldiers’
in
AV.
 xv, 8, 1
9, 1, the Rājanyas and even the Brāhmans are said to have sprung from the Vrātya who is identified with the Supreme Being, prob. in glorification of religious mendicancy
accord.
 to
ĀpŚr.
 व्रात्य is used in addressing a guest),
AV.
&c.
&c.
व्रा॑त्य
mfn.
 belonging to the Vrata called Mahā-vrata (q.v.),
PañcavBr.
 , Sch.
Monier Williams 1872
English
व्रात्य, अस्, m. a Brāhman or man of one of the
first three classes who has lost caste through non-
observance of the ten principal Saṃskāras (especially
investiture with the thread
in the Atharva-veda XV.
8, 1, XV. 9, 1. the Rājanyas and even the Brāhmans
are said to have sprung from the Vrātya who is
even identified with the Supreme Being)
an out-
cast
a man of a particular inferior class (regarded as
the descendant of a Śūdra father and Kṣatriya
mother
cf. वैद्य)
a low or vile person
(आ), f.
the daughter of an outcast, a female of a fallen
Brāhman, &c.
—व्रात्य-ता, f. or व्रात्य-त्व, अम्,
n. the condition of one who has lost caste by neglect
of the Saṃskāras or sacred observances (such as investi-
ture with the thread, &c.).
—व्रात्य-ब्रुव, अस्, m.
one who calls himself a Vrātya
[cf. ब्राह्मण-
ब्रुव।]
—व्रात्य-भाव, अस्, m. = व्रात्य-ता.
—व्रा-
त्य-याजक, अस्, m. one who sacrifices for a Vrātya.
—व्रात्य-स्तोम, अस्, m. a particular sacrifice per-
formed to recover the rights forfeited by a delay of
the Saṃskāras (especially of investiture).
Macdonell
English
व्रात्य vrā́t-ya,
m.
 [vrāta] member of a vagrant 🞄gang
member of an extra-Brahmanical 🞄association, outcast: ā,
f.
 outcast woman
🞄(a) -tā,
f.
 living as a Vrātya
-stoma,
m.
 (± 🞄kratu)
kind of ekāha sacrifice.
Benfey
English
व्रात्य व्रात्य, i. e. व्रात + य,
I.
m.
An outcaste, Man. 2, 39.
II.
f.
 या,
The daughter of an outcaste, Man. 8,
373.
Apte Hindi
Hindi
व्रात्यः
पुं*
 - व्रातात् समूहात् च्यवति-यत्
प्रथम तीन वर्णों में से किसी एक वर्ण का पुरुष जो मुख्य संस्कार या शोधक कृत्यों का अनुष्ठान न करने के कारण पतित हो गया है (जिसका उपनयन संस्कार नहीं हुआ)
जातिबहिष्कृत-भवत्या हि व्रात्याघमपतितपाखण्ड परिषत्परित्राणस्नेहः @ गंगा* ३७
व्रात्यः
पुं*
 - -
"नीच पुरुष, अधम पुरुष"
व्रात्यः
पुं*
 - -
विशेष नीच जाति (शूद्रपिता और क्षत्रिय माता की सन्तान) का पुरुष
L R Vaidya
English
vrAtya {% m. %} 1. A man of any of the first three castes over whom the purificatory ceremonies are not performed, भव्त्या हि व्रात्याधमपतितपाषंडपरिषत्परित्राणस्नेहः श्लथयितुमशक्यः खलि यदा G.L.37
2. a low person in general.
अभिधानचिन्तामणिः
Sanskrit
--source--
क्षतव्रतोऽवकीर्णी स्याद्व्रात्यः संस्कारवर्जितः ॥ ८५४ ॥
-wordlist-
क्षतव्रत (पुं), अवकीर्णिन् (पुं), व्रात्य (पुं), संस्कारवर्जित (पुं)
अभिधानरत्नमाला
Sanskrit
व्रात्य
व्रात्य, संस्कारहीन
व्रात्यः संस्कारहीनः स्यादवकीर्णी क्षतव्रतः ।
verse 2.1.1.404
page 0047
वैजयन्तीकोषः
Sanskrit
Word: व्रात्याः
Root: व्रात्य
Gender: पुं
Number: बहु
अर्थः ⇒ पु्त्राः शूद्राः वात्याच्छ्वकणटकम् कुर्वन्त्यनुपनीता ये विवाहं ब्राह्मणादयः
Meaning(s):
⇒ Common name of a Brāhman
Kṣatriya or Vaiśya who married without upanayana
and name of an illegitimate son of a Brahman etc who has undergone upanayana
Shloka(s):
3|5|59|2 ► व्रात्या व्राताश्च ते सर्वे तत्सुताश्चावृतासु ये॥ (भूमिकाण्डः/मनुष्याध्यायः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 3|5|59|2 ⇢ व्रात्याः (व्रात्य) (पुं) ⇒ Common name of a Brāhman
Kṣatriya or Vaiśya who married without upanayana
and name of an illegitimate son of a Brahman etc who has undergone upanayana ⇒ पु्त्राः शूद्राः वात्याच्छ्वकणटकम् कुर्वन्त्यनुपनीता ये विवाहं ब्राह्मणादयः
➠ 3|5|59|2 ⇢ व्रातः (व्रात) (पुं) ⇒ Common name of a Brāhman
Kṣatriya or Vaiśya who married without upanayana
and name of an illegitimate son of a Brahman etc who has undergone upanayana ⇒
Related word(s):
Mahabharata
English
vrātya (“out-caste”), pl. and sg. V, 1229 (sg.)
VII, 5965 (said of the Vṛshṇis and Andhakas)
VIII, 2038 (fem. pl.), 2045 (Bāhīkeshu), 2057 (dāsamīyānāṃ Bāhīkānāṃ), 2069 (dāsamīyānāṃ), 2090 (do.)
XII, 10869 (pl. name of a certain mixed caste)
XIII, 2621 (sg. do.).
Vedic Reference
English
Vrātya is included in the list of victims at the Puruṣamedha
(‘human sacrifice’) in the Yajurveda, ^1 where, however, no
further explanation of the name is given. Fuller information
is furnished by the Atharvaveda, ^2 the Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, ^3
and the Sūtras.^4 which describe at length a certain rite intended
for the use of Vrātyas. According to the Pañcaviṃśa Brāh-
maṇa, there are four different kinds of ‘outcasts’ — viz., the
hīna, who are merely described as ‘depressed’
those who have
become outcasts for some sin (nindita)
those who become out-
casts at an early age, apparently by living among outcasts
and
those old men who, being impotent (śama-nīcameḍhra), have
gone to live with outcasts. The last three categories are by no
means of the same importance as the first. The motive of
the fourth is hard to understand: according to Rājārām Rām-
krishṇa Bhāgavat, ^5 they were men who had enfeebled their
constitutions by undue intercourse with women in the lands of
the outcasts, and returned home in a debilitated state. But
this is not stated in the text.
It seems probable that the really important Vrātyas were
those referred to as hīna, and that the other classes were only
subsidiary. According to Rājārām, ^6 there were two categories
of the first class: (a) The depressed (hīna), who were non-
Āryan
and (b) degraded Āryans (gara-gir). This, however, is
a mere guess, and devoid of probability. There seems to have
been but one class of Vrātyas. That they were non-Āryan is
not probable, for it is expressly said^7 that, though unconse-
crated, they spoke the tongue of the consecrated: they were
thus apparently Āryans. This view is confirmed by the state-
ment that ‘they call what is easy of utterance, difficult to
utter’: probable they and already a somewhat Prakritic form of
speech (cf. Vāc). The Sūtras mention their Arhants (‘saints’)
and Yaudhas (‘warrioes’), corresponding to the Brahminical
Brāhmaṇa and Kṣatriya.
Other particulars accord with the view that they were
Āryans outside the sphere of Brahmin culture. Thus they
are said^8 not to practise agriculture or commerce (an
allusion to a nomadic life), not to observe the rules of
Brahmacarya — i.e., the principle regulating the Brahminic
order of life. They were also allowed to become members
of the Brahminical community by performance of the ritual
prescribed, which would hardly be so natural in the case
of non-Āryans.
Some details are given of the life and dress of the Vrātyas.
Their principles were opposed to those of the Brahmins: they
beat those unworthy of correction.^9 Their leder (Gṛhapati) or
householder wore a turban (Uṣṇīṣa), carried a whip (Pratoda),
a kind of bow (Jyāhroḍa), was clothed in a black (kṛṣṇaśa)
garment and two skins (Ajina), black and white (kṛṣṇa-valakṣa),
and owned a rough wagon (Vipatha) covered with planks
(phalakāstīrṇa). The others, ^10 subordinate to the leader, had
garments with fringes of red (valūkāntāni dāmatūṣāṇi), two
fringes on each, skins folded double (dviṣaṃhitāny ajināni), and
sandals (Upānah). The leader wore also an ornament (Niṣka)
of silver, which Rājārām^11 converts into a silver coinage. The
Vrātyas, on becoming consecrated, were expected to hand over
their goods to the priest. Many other details are given in the
Sūtras (e.g., that the shoes or sandals were of variegated black
hue and pointed), but these are not authenticated by the
Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa.
The locality in which the Vrātyas lived cannot be stated with
certainty, but their nomad life^12 suggests the western tribes
beyond the Sarasvatī. But they may equally well have been in
the east: this possibility is so far supported by the fact that the
Sūtras make the Brahmin receiving the gift of the Vrātya's
outfit an inhabitant of Magadha. The Atharvaveda^13 does not
help, for it treats the Vrātya in so mystical a way that he is
represented as being in all the quarters. Indeed, Roth^14
believed that it was here not a case of the Vrātya of the Pañca-
viṃśa Brāhmaṇa at all, but of a glorification of the Vrātya as
the type of the pious vagrant or wandering religious mendicant
(Parivrājaka). This view is clearly wrong, as the occurrence
of the words uṣṇīsa, vipatha, and pratoaa shows. It is probable
that the 15th Book of the Atharvaveda, which deals with the
Vrātya, and is of a mystical character, exalts the converted
Vrātya as a type of the perfect Brahmicārin, and, in so far, of
the divinity.^15
1) Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, xxx. 8
Tait-
tirīya Brāhmaṇa, iii. 4, 5, 1.
2) xv. 1, 1 et seq.
3) xvii. 1-4.
4) Kātyāyana Srauta Sūtra, xii. 1
xxii. 4
Lāṭyāyana Śrauta Sūtra, viii. 6
Āpastamba Śrauta Sūtra, xxii. 5, 4-14.
See Hillebrandt, Ritualliteratur, 139, 140.
5) Journal of the Bombay Branch of the
Royal Asiatic Society, 19, 360.
6) Ibid., 359.
7) Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, xvii. 1
8) Ibid., xvii. 1, 2.
9) Ibid., xvii. 1, 14.
10) Ibid., xvii. 1, 15. The exact sense
of the passages is obscure
and was, as
Lāṭyāyana shows, already obscure in
his time and earlier
the translations
given are all vague. Cf. Weber, Indische
Studien, 1, 32 et seq.
Indian Literature,
67, 68
Hopkins, Transactions of the
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences,
15, 31, 32
Rājārām, loc. cit.
11) Op. cit., 361.
12) Which is indicated by their name,
‘belonging to a roving band’ (vrāta),
‘vagrant.’
13) See Whitney, Translation of the
Atharvaveda, 770 et seq., with Lanman's
additions.
14) St. Petersburg Dictionary, s.v.
15) Boomfield, Atharvaveda, 94.
Cf. Weber, Indische Studien, i. 33, 52,
445, n.
Indian Literature, 67, 78, 110-
112, 14, 146
Aufrecht, Indische Studien,
1, 130 et seq.
Ludwig, Translation of
the Rigveda, 3, xxvi et seq.
Zimmer,
Altindisches Leben, 216.
शब्दकल्पद्रुमः
Sanskrit
व्रात्यः,
पुं,
 (व्रातो व्यालादिः स इव । “शाखा-दिभ्यो यत् ।” ५ । ३ । १०३ । इति यत् ।)दशसंस्काररहितः । षोडशवर्षादूर्द्ध्वं अकृतव्रत-बन्धो भ्रष्टगायत्त्रीको वा । इति भरतः ॥
तत्-पर्य्यायः । संस्कारहीनः २ । इत्यमरः ॥
सावित्री-पतितः ३ वाग्दुष्टः ४ पुरुषोक्तिकः ५ । इतिजटाधरः ॥
तस्य प्रायश्चित्तादि यथा, --“अथ व्रात्यविधिं देवि ! प्रायश्चित्तन्तु यद्भवेत् ।तत् शृणुष्व महेशानि सर्व्ववर्णे विशेषतः ॥
दश वर्षाणि पञ्चैव ब्राह्मणश्चोपनीयते ।एकविंशतिवर्षाणि यावद्वर्षमुपावशेत् ।अत ऊर्द्ध्वं पतन्नेव सर्व्वधर्म्मबहिष्कृतः ॥
गायत्त्रीपतिता व्रात्या व्रात्यस्तोमेन संस्कृतः ।अशक्ते चैव यज्ञस्य चरेदौद्दानिकं व्रतम् ॥
द्वौ मासौ यावकाहारो मासमेकं पयः पिबेत् ।दध्ना च पक्षमेकन्तु सप्तरात्रं घृतेन तु ॥
अयाचितेन षड्रात्रं त्रिरात्रं बर्त्तयेज्जलैः ।अहोरात्रं न भुञ्जीत ततः संस्कारमर्हति ॥
पतिता यस्य गायत्त्री दश वर्षाणि पञ्च च ।प्रायश्चित्तं भवेत्तस्य प्रोवाच भगवान् शिवः ॥
सशिखं वपनं कृत्वा व्रतं कुर्य्यात् समाहितः ।हविष्यं भोजयेदन्नं ब्राह्मणान् सप्त पञ्च वा ॥
एकविंशतिरात्रन्तु पिबेत् प्रसृतियावकम् ।ततो यावकशुद्धस्य तस्योपनयनं स्मृतम् ॥
व्रतस्याचरणाशक्तौ कुर्य्याच्चान्द्रायणत्रयम् ।सावित्रीपतिता येषां देशकालादिविप्लवात् ॥
चान्द्रायणं चरेद्यस्तु व्रतान्ते धेनुमुत्सृजेत् ।क्षीरंवापि पिबेन्मासं दद्याद्गां वत्सशालिनीम् ॥
”इति मत्स्यसूक्ते प्रायश्चित्तप्रकरणे ३८ पटलः ॥
वाचस्पत्यम्
Sanskrit
व्रात्य
पु०
 व्रातात् समूहात् च्यवति यत् । अव्यवहार्य्ये, संस्कारहीने, जातिमात्रोपजीविनि, “अत ऊर्द्ध्वं त्रयो-ऽप्येते यथाकालमसंस्कृताः । सावित्रीप्रतिता क्रात्या भव-न्त्यार्य्यविगर्हिताः” मनुः । तत्र प्रायश्चित्तं मिता० उक्तं यथातत्र व्रात्यतायां मनुनेदमुक्तम् “येषां द्विजानां सावित्रीनानूच्येत यथाविधि । तांश्चारयित्वा त्रीन् कृच्छ्रान् यथा-विध्युपनाययेदिति” । यच्च यमेनोक्तम् “सावित्रीपतितायस्य दश वर्षाणि पञ्च च । सशिखं वपनं कृत्वा व्रतं कु-र्य्यात् समाहितः । एकविंशतिरात्रञ्च पिबेत् प्रसृति-यावकम् । हबिषा भोजयेच्चैव ब्राह्मणान् सप्त पञ्च वा ।ततो यावकशुद्धस्य तस्योपनयनं स्मृतम्” इति । तदु-भयमपि याज्ञवल्कीयमासपयोव्रतविषयम् । यत्तु व-शिष्ठेनोक्तम् “पतितसावित्रीक उद्दालकव्रतञ्चरेत् ।द्वौ मासौ यावकेन वर्त्तयेन्यासं पयसा पक्षमामिक्षयाष्टरात्रंघृतेन षड्रात्रमयाचितेन त्रिरात्रसब्सक्षोऽहोरात्रसुपव-सेदश्वमेधावभृथङ्गच्छेद्वात्यस्तोमेन वा यजेतेति” । तत्रेयंव्यवस्था यस्योपनयने आपद्भावेन तत्कालातिक्रमस्तस्य या-ज्ञवल्कीयव्रतानामन्यतमत् शक्त्यपेक्षया भवति अना-पद्यतिक्रमे तु मानवं त्रैमासिकम् । तत्रैव पञ्चदश-वर्षादूर्द्धमपि कियत्कालातिक्रमे तूद्दालकव्रतम् ब्रात्य-स्तोमो वेति । येषान्तु पित्रादयोऽप्यनुपनीतास्तेषामापस्त-म्बोक्तम् “यस्य पिता पितामहावनुपनीतौ स्यातान्तस्यसंवत्सरं त्रैविद्यकं ब्रह्मचर्य्यम् । यस्य प्रपितामहादेर्ना-नुस्मर्यते उपनयनन्तस्य द्वादश वर्षाणि त्रैविद्यकं ब्रह्म-चर्य्यमिति” ।
Capeller
German
व्रा॑त्य dass.
m.
 Landstreicher, Ausgestoßener.
Abstr. व्रात्यता
f.
Burnouf
French
व्रात्य व्रात्य
m.
 (व्रत) brâhmane pour qui, dans sa
jeunesse, on a négligé la cérémonie de l'investiture.
व्रात्यस्तोम
m.
 sacrifice fait pour réparer cette omission.
Stchoupak
French
व्रात्य-
m.
 -आ-
f.
 membre d'une bande errante, d'une communauté non
brahmanique
vagabond, -e
-ता-
f.
 -त्व- nt. état de vagabond, etc.