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वैश्य (vaizya)

 
शब्दसागरः
English
वैश्य
m.
 (-श्यः) The Vaiśya or man of the third or agricultural and
mercantile tribe.
f.
 (-श्या) A woman of the Vaiśya caste.
E.
 विश् to
enter, (fields, &c.) क्विप्
aff.
 , यञ् pleonasm added.
Capeller Eng
English
1 वै॑श्य
m.
 आ
f.
 a man & woman of the third caste
n.
वै॑श्य condition of a V., dependence.
2 वैश्य
a.
 relating to a Vaiśya (v.
prec.
 ).
Yates
English
वैश्य (श्यः)
m.
 Man of the 3d class.
Spoken Sanskrit
English
वैश्य - vaizya -
adj.
 - belonging to a man of the third caste
वैश्य - vaizya -
m.
 - peasant
वैश्य - vaizya -
m.
 - working man
वैश्य - vaizya -
m.
 - agriculturist
वैश्य - vaizya -
m.
 - man who settles on the soil
वैश्य - vaizya -
m.
 - man of the third class or caste
वैश्य - vaizya -
n.
 - vassalage
वैश्य - vaizya -
n.
 - dependance
वैश्य vaizya
n.
 vassalage
वेशत्व vezatva
n.
 vassalage
वेश्य vezya
n.
 vassalage
Wilson
English
वैश्य
m.
 (-श्यः) The Vaiśya, or man of the third or agricultural
and mercantile tribe.
f.
 (-श्या) A woman of the Vaiśya caste.
E.
 विश to enter, (fields, &c.) क्विप्
aff.
 , and यञ pleonasm
added.
Apte
English
वैश्यः [vaiśyḥ], A man of the third tribe, his business being trade and agriculture
a peasant
विशत्याशु पशुभ्यश्च कृष्यादावरुचिः शुचिः । वेदाध्ययनसंपन्नः स वैश्य इति संज्ञितः ॥ Padma Purāṇa. (He is supposed to have sprung from the thighs of Puruṣa
.
cf.
 ऊरू तदस्य यद्वैश्यः Ṛv.1.9.)Comp. -कर्मन्
n.
 , -वृत्तिः
f.
 the business or occupation of a Vaīśya
trade, agriculture
&c.
 -भावः the state or condition of a वैश्य
ब्राह्मणः सप्तरात्रेण वैश्यभावं नियच्छति
Ms.*
 1.93.
Apte 1890
English
वैश्यः A man of the third tribe, his business being trade and agriculture
विशत्याशु पशुभ्यश्च कृष्यादावरुचिः शुचिः । वेदाध्ययनसंपन्नः स वैश्य इति संज्ञितः Padma Purāṇa. (He is supposed to have sprung from the thighs of Puruṣa
cf. ऊरू तदस्य यद्वैश्यः Rv. 10. 90).
Comp.
कर्मन् n.
वृत्तिः f. the business or occupation of a Vaiśya
trade, agriculture &c.
Monier Williams Cologne
English
वै॑श्य
m.
 (fr. 2. विश्) ‘a man who settles on the soil’, a peasant, or ‘working man’, agriculturist, man of the third class or caste (whose business was trade as well as agriculture),
RV.
&c.
&c.
pl.
N.
 of a people,
VarBṛS.
वै॑श्य
n.
 vassalage, dependance,
TS.
वै॑श्य
mfn.
 belonging to a man of the third caste,
MBh.
Monier Williams 1872
English
वैश्य वैश्य, अस्, m. (fr. 2. विश्), ‘a man
who occupies the soil, ’ ‘a man of the people, ’ a
Vaiśya or man of the third caste whose business was
agriculture and trade
(आ), f. a woman of the Vaiśya
caste.
—वैश्य-कन्या, f. a Vaiśya damsel, girl of the
agricultural class.
—वैश्य-कर्मन्, अ, n. or वैश्य-
क्रिया, f. the business of a Vaiśya, agriculture, trade.
—वैश्य-ता, f. the state or condition of a Vaiśya,
(वैश्यतां गम्, to become a Vaiśya.)
—वैश्य-
वृत्ति, इस्, f. the mode of life or occupation of a
Vaiśya, agriculture, trade.
—वैश्या-ज, अस्, आ, अम्,
born of a Vaiśya woman, the child of a Vaiśya mother.
—वैश्या-पुत्र, अस्, m. the son of a Vaiśya mother.
Macdonell
English
वैश्य vaíś-ya,
m.
 [viś] man of the people or 🞄the third caste
n.
 vassalage (TS.): -kanyā, 🞄f. daughter of a Vaiśya girl
-tā,
f.
 , 🞄-tva,
n.
 position of a Vaiśya
-putra,
m.
 🞄(son of a) Vaiśya
-bhāva,
m.
 position of a 🞄Vaiśya.
Benfey
English
वैश्य वैश्य, i. e. विश् + य,
I.
m.
 A
man of the third caste, Man. 1, 116
Hit. iv. d. 21.
II.
f.
 या, A woman of
the Vaiśya caste.
Hindi
Hindi
व्यापारियों और पेशेवरों की जाति
Apte Hindi
Hindi
वैश्यः
पुं*
 - विश + ष्यञ्
"तृतीय वर्ण का पुरुष, इसका व्यवसाय व्यापार और कृषि है"
L R Vaidya
English
vESya {% m. %} A man of the third caste, (दिशत्याशु पशुभ्यश्च कृश्यादानरुचिः शुचिः । वेदाध्ययनसंपन्नः स वैश्य इति संज्ञितः) M.i.31.
Bopp
Latin
वैश्य m. (a 2. विश् s. य) i. q. विश्.
Lanman
English
vaíśya, adj. subst. man of the viś or folk
or third caste, 57^16. [víś, 1211.]
Sanskrit Tibetan
Tibetan
rje rigs
वैश्य
rje'u
१) आर्य २) वैश्य ३) शावक
rje'u rigs
वैश्य
अभिधानचिन्तामणिः
Sanskrit
--source--
चातुर्वर्ण्यं द्विजक्षत्त्रवैश्यशूद्रा नृणां भिदः ।
-wordlist-
चातुर्वर्ण्य (क्ली), वर्ण (पुं), द्विज (पुं), क्षत्र (पुं), वैश्य (पुं), शूद्र (पुं)
--source--
अर्या भूमिस्पृशो वैश्या ऊरव्या ऊरजा विशः ।
-wordlist-
अर्य (पुं), भूमिस्पृश् (पुं), वैश्य (पुं), ऊरव्य (पुं), ऊरज (पुं), विश् (पुं)
अभिधानरत्नमाला
Sanskrit
द्विजाति
द्विजाति, ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय, वैश्य
ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वैश्यस्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः ।
verse 2.1.1.392
page 0046
आर्य
आर्य, भूमिस्पृश्, वैश्य, ऊख्य, विश्
आर्या भूमिस्पृशो वैश्या ऊख्याश्च विशः स्मृताः ।
verse 2.1.1.570
page 0064
पुराणम्
English
वैश्य / VAIŚYA. One of the four castes. (For further details see under varṇa and Cāturvarṇya).
Vedic Reference
English
Vaiśya denotes a man, not so much of the people, as of the
subject class, distinct from the ruling noble (Kṣatriya) and the
Brāhmaṇa, the higher strata of the Āryan community on the
one side, and from the aboriginal Śūdra on the other. The
name is first found in the Puruṣa-sūkta (‘hymn of man’) in
the Rigveda, ^1 and then frequently from the Atharvaveda^2
onwards, ^3 sometimes in the form of Viśya.^4
The Vaiśya plays singularly little part in Vedic literature,
which has much to say of Kṣatriya and Brahmin. His
characteristics are admirably summed up in the Aitareya Brāh-
maṇa^5 in the adjectives anyasya bali-kṛt, ‘tributary to another’
anyasyādya, ‘to be lived upon by another’
and yathākāma-
jyeyaḥ, ‘to be oppressed at will.’ He was unquestionably taxed
by the king (Rājan), who no doubt assigned to his retinue the
right of support by the people, so that the Kṣatriyas grew more
and more to depend on the services rendered to them by the
Vaiśyas. But the Vaiśya was not a slave: he could not be
killed by the king or anyone else without the slayer incurring
risk and the payment of a wergeld (Vaira), which even in the
Brahmin books extends to 100 cows for a Vaiśya. Moreover,
though the Vaiśya could be expelled by the king at pleasure, he
cannot be said to have been without property in his land.
Hopkins^6 thinks it is absurd to suppose that he could really be
a landowner when he was subject to removal at will, but this
is to ignore the fact that normally the king could not remove
the landowner, and that kings were ultimately dependent on
the people, as the tales of exiled kings show.
On the other hand, Hopkins^7 is clearly right in holding that
the Vaiśya was really an agriculturist, and that Vedic society
was not merely a landholding aristocracy, superimposed upon
an agricultural aboriginal stock, as Baden Powell^8 urged.
Without ignoring the possibility that the Dravidians were
agriculturists, there is no reason to deny that the Āryans were
so likewise, and the goad of the plougher was the mark of a
Vaiśya in life^9 and in death.^10 It would be absurd to suppose
that the Āryan Vaiśyas did not engage in industry and com-
merce (cf. Paṇi, Vaṇij), but pastoral pursuits and agriculture
must have been their normal occupations.
In war the Vaiśyas must have formed the bulk of the force
under the Kṣatriya leaders (see Kṣatriya). But like the
Homeric commoners, the Vaiśyas may well have done little of
the serious fighting, being probably ill-provided with either
body armour or offensive weapons.
That the Vaiśyas were engaged in the intellectual life of the
day is unlikely
nor is there any tradition, corresponding to
that regarding the Kṣatriyas, of their having taken part in the
evolution of the doctrine of Brahman, the great philosophic
achievement of the age. The aim of the Vaiśya's ambition
was, according to the Taittirīya Saṃhitā, ^11 to become a
Grāmaṇī, or village headman, a post probably conferred by the
king on wealthy Vaiśyas, of whom no doubt there were many.
It is impossible to say if in Vedic times a Vaiśya could attain to
nobility or become a Brahmin. No instance can safely be
quoted in support of such a view, ^12 though such changes of
status may have taken place (see Kṣatriya and Varṇa).
It is denied by Fick^13 that the Vaiśyas were ever a caste, and
the denial is certainly based on good grounds if it is held that
a caste means a body within which marriage is essential, and
which follows a hereditary occupation (cf. Varṇa). But it
would be wrong^14 to suppose that the term Vaiśya was merely
applied by theorists to the people who were not nobles or
priests. It must have been an early appellation of a definite
class which was separate from the other classes, and properly
to be compared with them. Moreover, though there were
differences among Vaiśyas, there were equally differences
among Kṣatriyas and Brāhmanas, and it is impossible to deny
the Vaiśyas' claim to be reckoned a class or caste it the other
two are such, though at the present day things are different.
Cf. Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 213
et seq.
Weber, Indische Studien, 10,
1 et seq.
Muir, Sanskrit Texts, 1^2, 7 et seq.
Ludwig, Translation of the Rigveda,
3, 242, 243
Hopkins, Journal of the
American Oriental Society, 13, 76 et seq.
(for the Epic Vaiśya).
1) x. 90, 12.
2) v. 17. 9.
3) Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, xxx. 5. etc.
See Varṇa.
4) Av. vi. 13, 1
Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā,
xviii. 48, etc.
5) vii. 29. Cf. Muir, Sanskrit Texts,
1^2, 439.
6) India, Old and New, 222 et seq.
7) Op. cit., 210 et seq.
8) Indian Village Community, 190 et
seq.
9) Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā, xxxvii. 1.
10) Kauśika Sūtra, lxxx.
11) ii. 5, 4, 4.
12) Rhys Davids, Buddhist India, 55
et seq., argues to the contrary from
Buddhist evidence
but this has no
cogency for the Vedic period, and much,
if not all, of it is hardly in point as
concerns this issue.
13) Die sociale Gliederung, 163, et seq.
14) Cf. Indian Empire, 1, 347.
अमरकोशः
Sanskrit
Word: वैश्यः
Root: वैश्य
Gender: पुं
Number: all
Meaning(s):
⇒ peasant
⇒ working man
⇒ agriculturist
⇒ man who settles on the soil
⇒ man of the third class or caste
⇒ belonging to a man of the third caste
Shloka(s):
2|9|1|1 ► ऊरव्या ऊरुजा अर्या वैश्या भूमिस्पृशो विशः। (वैश्यवर्गः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 2|9|1|1 ⇢ ऊरव्यः (ऊरव्य) (पुं)
➠ 2|9|1|1 ⇢ ऊरुजः (ऊरुज) (पुं)
➠ 2|9|1|1 ⇢ अर्यः (अर्य) (पुं) ⇒ dear, lord, kind, true, vaizya, master, devoted, excellent, favourable, attached to
➠ 2|9|1|1 ⇢ वैश्यः (वैश्य) (पुं) ⇒ peasant, working man, agriculturist, man who settles on the soil, man of the third class or caste, belonging to a man of the third caste
➠ 2|9|1|1 ⇢ भूमिस्पृक् (भूमिस्पृश्) (पुं) ⇒ man, lame, blind, vaizya, cripple, touching the ground, thief who creeps along the ground
➠ 2|9|1|1 ⇢ विट् (विश्) (पुं)
Related word(s):
परा_अपरासंबन्धः ➡ मनुष्यः
जातिः ➡ मनुष्यः
उपाधि ➡ समूहः
पति_पत्नीसंबन्धः ➡ वैश्यपत्नी
शब्दकल्पद्रुमः
Sanskrit
वैश्यः,
पुं,
 (विश् + ष्यञ् ।) ब्रह्मोरुदेशजाततृतीय-वर्णः । (यथा, ऋग्वेदे । १० । ९ । १२ ।“ब्राह्मणोऽस्य मुखमासीद्बाहू राजन्यः कृतः ।ऊरू तदस्य यद्वैश्यः पद्भ्यां शूद्रो अजायत ॥
”)तत्पर्य्यायः । ऊरव्यः २ ऊरुजः ३ अर्य्यः ४भूमिस्पृक् ५ विट् ६ । इत्यमरः ॥
द्विजः ७ ।इति जटाधरः ॥
भूमिजीवी ८ । इति शब्द-रत्नावली ॥
व्यवहर्त्ता ९ वार्त्तिकः १० बणिकः११ पणिकः १२ । इति राजनिर्घण्टः ॥
प्लक्ष-द्बीपे अस्य संज्ञा ऊर्द्ध्वायनः । शाल्मलद्बीपेवसुन्धरः । कुशद्वीपे अभियुक्तः । क्रौञ्चद्बीपेद्रविणः । शाकद्बीपे दानव्रतः । पुष्करद्बीपेसर्व्वे एकवर्णाः । इति भागवतमतम् ॥
अस्यशास्त्रनिरूपितधर्म्मास्त्रयः । अध्ययनम् १ यज-नम् २ दानम् ३ । चतस्रो जीविकाः । कृषिः १गोरक्षणम् २ बाणिज्यम् ३ कुशीदम् ४ ।अस्याश्रमास्त्रयः । ब्रह्मचर्य्यम् १ गार्हस्थ्यम् २बानप्रस्थम् ३ ॥
तस्य लक्षणादिर्यथा, --“विशत्याशु पशुभ्यश्च कृष्यादानरुचिः शुचिः ।वेदाध्ययनसम्पन्नः स वैश्य इति संज्ञितः ॥
वैश्यस्य च प्रवक्ष्यामि यो धर्म्मो वेदसम्मतः ।दानमध्ययनं शौचं यज्ञश्च धनसञ्चयः ॥
पालयेच्च पशून् वैश्यः पितृवद्धर्म्ममर्ज्जयन् ।विकर्म्म तद्भवेदन्यत् कर्म्म यत् स समाचरेत् ॥
रक्षया स हि तेषां वै महत् सुखमवाप्नुयात् ।प्रजापतिर्हि वैश्याय सृष्ट्वा परिददे प्रजाः ॥
ब्राह्मणेभ्यश्च राज्ञे च सर्व्वाः परिददे प्रजाः ।तस्य वृत्तिं प्रवक्ष्यामि यच्च तस्योपजीवनम् ॥
षण्णामेका पिबेद्धेनुं शताच्च मिथुनं भवेत् ।लब्धाच्च सप्तमं भागं तथा शृङ्गैकलक्षुरे ॥
शस्यानां सर्व्वबीजानि एषा सांवत्सरी भृतिः ।न च वैश्यस्य कामः स्यान्न रक्षेयं पशूनिति ॥
वैश्ये रक्षति नान्येन रक्षितव्याः कथञ्चन ॥
”इति पाद्मे स्वर्गखण्डे वर्णविभागः २६ अः ॥
अन्यच्च ।“दानमध्ययनं यज्ञो धर्म्मः क्षत्त्रियवैश्ययोः ।दण्डस्तथा क्षत्त्रियस्य कृषिर्वैश्यस्य शस्यते ॥
स्थानमैन्द्रं क्षत्त्रियाणां संग्रामेष्वपलायिनाम् ।वैश्यानां मारुतं स्थानं स्वधर्म्ममनुवर्त्तताम् ॥
”इति गारुडे ४९ अध्यायः ॥
(वैश्यसम्बन्धिनि, त्रि । यथा, महाभारते ।१२ । ६२ । ४ ।“क्षात्त्राणि वैश्यानि च सेवमानःशौद्राणि कर्म्माणि च ब्राह्मणः सन् ।अस्मिल्लोके निन्दितो मन्दचेताःपरे च लोके निरयं प्रयाति ॥
”)
वाचस्पत्यम्
Sanskrit
वैश्य पुंस्त्री विशति उपभुङ्क्ते विश--क्विप् स्वार्थे ष्यञ् ।वर्णभेदे ब्रह्मण ऊरुजाते जातिभेदे अमरः स्त्रियां टाप् ।“विशत्याशु पशुभ्यश्च कृष्यादानरुचिः शुचिः । वेदाध्य०यनसम्पन्नः स वैश्य इति सज्ञितः” पद्मपु० स्व० २६ अ० ।
Capeller
German
वै॑श्य
m.
 ein Angehöriger der dritten Kaste,
Mann des Volkes (f. आ).
n.
 Unterthänigkeit,
Abhängigkeit. Adj. einem V.
eigentümlich.
Grassman
German
vaíśya, m., Angehöriger der dritten Kaste [víś], in einem sehr späten Liede.
-as {916, 12}.
Burnouf
French
वैश्य वैश्य
m.
 [f. आ] un viça, un homme de la 3{^e^}
caste
cf. विश्
m.
Stchoupak
French
वैश्य-
m.
 -आ-
f.
 membre de la 3{^e^} caste
a. propre à un V.
-ता-
f.
 état de V.
-तां गम्- devenir un V.
°कर्मन्- nt. métier de Vaiśya.
°कन्या-
f.
 jeune fille de caste V.
°भाव-
m.
 = वैश्यता-।
°योनि-
f.
 fait de naître Vaiśya. existence de V.
°वृत्ति-
f.
 profession de V., commerce, agriculture.
वैश्या-ज- a. né d'une mère V.
°पुत्र-
m.
 métron. de Yuyutsu.