विश्पति (vizpati)
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Capeller Eng
EnglishSpoken Sanskrit
English विश्पति vizpati kings or
विश्पति vizpati head-merchants
विश्पति vizpati chief of a settlement or tribe
विश्पति vizpati lord of the house or of the people
Monier Williams Cologne
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Macdonell
EnglishLanman
EnglishVedic Reference
EnglishViś-pati is a word of somewhat uncertain signification,
reflecting in this respect the nature of Viś. Zimmer holds that
in its strict sense it denotes the head of a canton, but he admits
that there is no passage requiring this sense, the only one
quoted by him^2 being certainly indecisive. In the great
majority of passages the word simply means the ‘lord of the
dwelling, ’ whether used of a man or of the god Agni as the
householder par excellence, or possibly as the fire of the Sabhā or
assembly house of the people. This sense suits even the
passage of the Rigveda^4 in which the Viśpati, as well as the
father and the mother of a maiden, ^5 are to be lulled to sleep in
order to allow her lover to approach her, for the household may
well be deemed to have been a joint family, in which the
Viśpati could easily be different from the father of the
girl — e.g., a grandfather or uncle. In other passages^6 the
Viśpati is the king as ‘lord of the subject-people’ (viśām),
though here Zimmer^7 thinks reference is made to the election
of a king.^8 Or again, ^7 the Viśpati is the chief of the Viś,
probably in the sense of ‘subjects.’
1) Altindisches Leben, 171.
9) E.g., Taittirīya Saṃhitā, ii. 3, 1, 3,
where Viś must clearly be the people
or subject class, and the Viśpati their
chief representative
we cannot from
such a passage infer a formal office of
Viśpati even as head of the Viś.
2) Rv. i. 37. 8.
4) vii. 55, 5 = Av. iv. 5, 6.
5) So Aufrecht, Indische Studien, 4,
337 et seq.
Zimmer, op. cit., 308. Cf.
Lanman, Sanskrit Reader, 370. Geldner,
Vedische Studien, 2, 55 et seq., accepts
the view of the Bṛhaddevatā, vi. 11
et seq. (where see Macdonell's note),
that the hymn refers to Vasiṣṭha's
approaching a house as a thief! The
interpretation does not affect the sense
of Viśpati, which here is clearly not
the title of a cantonal chief. Viś is
sometimes equivalent to Sajāta
cf.
Taittirīya Saṃhitā, ii. 1, 3, 2. 3.
6) Av. iii. 4, 1
iv. 22, 3. Perhaps Rv.
iii. 13, 5, is so to be taken
cf. vii. 39, 2.
Cf. Weber, Indische Studien, 18, 22.
7) Op. cit., 164, 165.
8) But see Rājan.
7) Op. cit., 164. 165.
Grassman
Germanviś-páti, m., Hausherr, Stammherr
in diesem Sinne bisweilen 2〉 von Agni
3〉 Gebieter der Menschen, Herrscher
4〉 in diesem Sinne sehr häufig von Agni
5〉 namentlich mit dem Gen. viśā́m, 6〉 und zwar meist von Agni
7〉 du., Hausherr und Hausfrau.
-e 3〉 indra {274, 3}. — 4〉 {360, 5}
{443, 10}
{531, 7}
{643, 14}
{712, 7}.
-is 1〉 revā́n iva 〰 {27, 12}
jujurvā́n iva 〰 {37, 8}
sástu 〰 {571, 5}
jénias ná 〰 {128, 7}
nas pitā́ {961, 1}. — 2〉 {643, 13} (viśí)
{669, 19} (neben gṛhápatis). — 3〉 (váruṇas) {645, 16}. — 4〉 {26, 7}
{60, 2}
{830, 4}. — 5〉 {820, 10}. — 6〉 {523, 4}.
-im 2〉 saptáputram {164, 1}. — 4〉 {12, 2}
{31, 11} (náhuṣasya)
{192, 8}
{237, 8}
{456, 8}
{664, 26} yúvānam 〰 kavím. — 6〉 {236, 10}
{247, 5}
{358, 3}
{442, 8}.
-ī 7〉 {555, 2} (〰 ‿iva).
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