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र् (r)

 
Abhyankara Grammar
English
र् (1) second letter of the यण् class ( semi-vowels ) which has got the properties नादभागित्व, घोषवत्त्व, ' संवृतत्व and अल्पप्राणता i. e. it is a sonant, inaspirate consonant Regarding its स्थान or place of production, there is a difference of opinion : generally the consonant र् is looked upon as a cerebral or lingual letter (मूर्धन्य)
cf ऋटुरषाणां मूर्धा， S.K.also Pan. Siksa
but it is called by some as दन्त्य or दन्तमूलीय: cf रेफस्तु दस्त्ये दन्तमूले वा RT. 8, by others as दन्तमूलीय and and by still others as वर्स्त्य gingival. In the Vajasaneyi-Pratisakhya it is described as दन्तमूलीय: cf रो दन्तमूल I. 68, while in the Taittiriya Pra- tisakhya it is said to be produced by the touch of the middle part of the tip of the tongue just above the root of the teeth
cf. रेफे जिह्वाग्रमध्येन प्रत्यग्दन्तमूलेभ्यः T. Pr. II. 41
(2) sub- stitute र् (रेफ ) for the final letter of the word अहन्, as also for the final of अम्रस्, ऊधस्, अवस् and भुवस् optionally with रु, which ( रु) is dropped before vowels, and chang- ed to ओ before अ and soft conso- nants, while it is changed into visarga before hard consonants and surds.e.g. अम्नरेव, अम्र एवः ऊधरेव, ऊधएव: cf. Kas. on P. VIII, 2-70: (3) the constant र् (technically) called र् in Panini's grammar ) which is substi- tuted for the consonant स् and for the consonant न् of the word अहन् when the consonant स् or न् stands at the end of a word. This substi- tute रु, unlike the substitute र् is liable to be changed into visarga, or the consonant य्, or the vowel उ by P. VIII.3.15, 17, VI.1.113, 114.
पुराणम्
English
तिरुज्ञानसम्बन्ध / TIRUJÑĀNASAMBANDHA (R). He was one of the four Dākṣiṇātya Śaivamatācāryas. He lived during the early part of the seventh century. The book on Dākṣiṇātya Śaivamata is called Tirumura. There are twelve songs in that book. They were compiled by Nambiyāṇḍār Nambi who lived during the period of Rājarāja cola. The first seven of these are devotional songs called Tevāras. They were composed jointly by Tirujñānasambandhar, Tirunāvukkaraśar and Sundaramūrti. The first three tevāras are of Tirujñānasambandhar. The twelfth tirumura is called Periyapurāṇa. Its author was śekkizhār. He was called Arulmozhitteva also. He was the chief minister of anapāyacola who ruled during the period 1063 to 1112 A.D. The theme of Periyapurāṇa is the life history of sixtythree Śaivasiddhas who were renowned as Nāyanārs and Aṭiyārs. It is in the sixth chapter of the second part of this book that they discuss Tirujñānasambandhar.
He was born in the village of Śīrkāzhi (Brahmapura) near Kumbhakoṇam in the district of Tañjāvūr. His father was Śivapādarāya and mother Bhagavatiyār. Once when Śivapādarāya went to bathe in the temple tank called brahmatīrtha he took along with him his son Sambandhar also. Keeping his son on the steps of the tank Śivapādarāya plunged himself into the waters. śiva and pārvatī who came that way saw the child sitting alone and pārvatī went and fed him with her breast-milk. From that moment onwards the child started singing songs in praise of śiva and pārvatī. When he grew up, he did many wonderful deeds visiting many śiva temples of Pāṇḍirājya. His father fixed up a marriage for him and the bride's party assembled even before time at the cidambara temple. Tirujñānasambandhar came there in time and standing before the temple deity sang a song in praise of śiva. The song was greatly appealing and at the end of the song before all those assembled there Sambandhar to the astonishment of all merged with the deity.
तिरुनावुक्करश / TIRUNĀVUKKARAŚA(R). He was a Śaivaite like Tirujñānasambandhar (Refer above) and a disciple also of the latter. He was born in the village of Tiruvāmur in South Arcot district. His father was Pugalanār and mother Madiniyār both of whom were Vellālas. They got a daughter named Tilakavatiyār and a son named Marulnīkkiyār. It was this Marulnīkkiyār who became famous as Tirunāvukkara ar. This siddha who acquired divine knowledge has composed 4900 songs in praise of śiva of which only 312 are in use now.