रावण (rAvaNa)
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Wilson
EnglishApte
Englishरावण [rāvaṇa], [रु-णिच् ल्यु] Crying, screaming, roaring, bewailing
इत्युक्त्वा परुषं वाक्यं रावणः शत्रुरावणः 3.56. 26 (com. शत्रून् रावयति क्रोशयति शत्ररावणः). -णः of a celebrated demon, king of Laṅkā and the chief of the Rākṣhasas
स रावणो नाम निकामभीषणं बभूव रक्षः क्षतरक्षणं दिवः 1.48. [He was the son of Viśravas by Keśinī or Kaikaśī and so half-brother of Kuber. He is calledPaulastya as being a grandson of the sage Pulastya. Laṅkā was originally occupied by Kubera, but Rāvaṇa ousted him from it and made it his own capital. He had ten heads (and hence his names Daśagrīva, Daśavadana ) and twenty arms, and according to some, four legs (cf. 12.88 and Malli.). He is represented to have practised the most austere penance for ten thousand years in order to propitiate the god Brahman, and to have offered one head at the end of each one thousand years. Thus he offered nine of his heads and was going to offer the tenth when the God was pleased and granted him immunity from death by either god or man. On the strength of this boon he grew very tyrannical and oppressed all beings. His power became so great that even the gods are said to have acted as his domestic servants. He conquered almost all the kings of the day, but is said to have been imprisoned by Kārtavīrya for some time when he went to attack his territory. On one occasion he tried to uplift the Kailāsa mountain, but Śiva pressed it down so as to crush his fingers under it. He, therefore, hymned Śiva for one thousand years so loudly that the God gave him the name Rāvaṇa and freed him from his painful position. But though he was so powerful and invincible, the day of retribution drew near. While Rāma - who was Viṣṇu descended on earth for the destruction of this very demon - was passing his years of exile in the forest, Rāvaṇa carried off his wife Sītā and urged her to become his wife but she persistently refused and remained loyal to her husband. At last Rāma assisted by his monkey-troops invaded Laṅkā, annihilated Rāvaṇa's troops and killed the demon himself. He was a worthy opponent of Rāma, and hence the expression: रामरावणयोर्युद्धं रामरावणयोरिव ।].
णम् The act of screaming.
of a Muhūrta. -अरिः of Rāma. -गङ्गा of a river in Laṅkā.
Apte 1890
Englishरावण a. [रु-णिच् ल्यु] Crying, screaming, roaring, bewailing.
णः N. of a celebrated demon, king of Laṅkā and the chief of the Rākṣasas
स रावणो नाम निकामभषिणं बभूव रक्षः क्षतरक्षणं दिवः Śi. 1. 48 [He was the son of Viśravas by Keśinī or Kaikasī and so half-brother of Kubera. He is called Paulastya as being a grandson of the sage Pulastya. Laṅkā was originally occupied by Kubera, but Rāvaṇa ousted him from it and made it his own capital. He had ten heads (and hence his names Daśagrīva, Daśavadana &c.) and twenty arms, and according to some, four legs (cf. R. 12. 88 and Malli.). He is represented to have practised the most austere penance for ten thousand years in order to propitiate the god Brahman, and to have offered one head at the end of each one thousand years. Thus he offered nine of his heads and was going to offer the tenth when the God was pleased and granted him immunity from death by either god or man. On the strength of this boon he grew very tyrannical and oppressed all beings. His power became so great that even the gods are said to have acted as his domestic servanta. He conquered almost all the kings of the day, but is said to have been imprisoned by Kārtavīrya for some time when he went to attack his territory. On one occasion he tried to uplift the Kailāsa mountain, but Śiva pressed it down so as to crush his fingers under it. He, therefore, hymned Śiva for one thousand years so loudly that the God gave him the name Rāvaṇa and freed him from his painful position. But though he was so powerful and invincible, the day of retribution drew near. While Rāma-who was Viṣṇu descended on earth for the destruction of this very demon-was passing his years of exile in the forest, Rāvaṇa carried off his wife Sitā and urged her to become his wife
but she persistently refused and remained loyal to her husband. At last Rāma assisted by his monkey-troops invaded Laṅkā, annihilated Rāvaṇa's troops and killed the demon himself. He was a worthy opponent of Rāma, and hence the expression:
रामरावणयोर्युद्धं रामरावणयोरिव].
Comp.
अरिः N. of Rāma.
गंगा N. of a river in Laṅkā.
Monier Williams Cologne
Englishरावण (fr. ) causing to cry (with or ifc.
only in this sense to explain the name of the famous Rākṣasa),
रावण of the ruler of Laṅkā or Ceylon and the famous chief of the Rākṣasas or demons whose destruction by Rāmacandra forms the subject of the Rāmāyaṇa (as son of Viśravas he was younger brother of Kubera, but by a different mother, Ilavila being the mother of Kubera, and Keśinī of the three other brothers Rāvaṇa Vibhīṣaṇa, and Kumbha-karṇa
he is one of the worst of the many impersonations of evil common in Hindū mythology
he has ten heads and twenty arms, symbolizing strength
this power was, as usual, acquired by self-inflicted austerities, which had obtained from Brahmā a boon, in virtue of which R° was invulnerable by gods and divine beings of all kinds, though not by men or a god in human form
as Viṣṇu became incarnate in Rāma-candra to destroy R°, so the other gods produced innumerable monkeys, bears, and various semi-divine animals to do battle with the legions of demons, his subjects, under Khara, Dūṣaṇa, and his other generals),
(IW. 353)
Monier Williams 1872
Englishरावण, अस्, ई, अम् (fr. the Caus.), screaming, roar-
ing, crying, bellowing, bewailing, making lamentation
(अस्), m. ‘the Vociferator, ’ N. of the ruler of Laṅkā
or Ceylon and the famous chief of the Rākṣasas or
demons whose subjugation and destruction by Rāma-
candra, the seventh incarnation of Viṣṇu, form the
subject of the Rāmāyaṇa, (as son of Viśravas, he was
younger brother of Kuvera, but by a different mother,
Ilavilā being the mother of Kuvera, and Keśinī of
the three other brothers, Rāvaṇa, Vibhīṣaṇa, and
Kumbha-karṇa
both Rāvaṇa and Kuvera, the god
of wealth, are often called Paulastya, as grandchildren
of the Ṛṣi Pulastya, one of the seven or ten mind-
born sons of Brahmā, and as Kuvera is king of the
Yakṣas, so is Rāvaṇa of the Rākṣasas, the latter,
however, are always malignant beings [see राक्षस],
and Rāvaṇa himself is one of the worst of the many
impersonations of evil common in Hindū mythology
he is the Satan of the Rāmāyaṇa as Duryodhana is
of the Mahā-bhārata
he has ten heads [whence his
names Daśa-grīva, Daśānana, &c.] and twenty arms,
symbolizing strength
his power is described as so
great, that where he is ‘there the sun does not give
out its heat, the winds through fear of him do not
blow, the fire ceases to burn, and the ocean becomes
motionless
’ he even, by his power, defeated his own
brother Vaiśravaṇa or Kuvera, and carried off his self-
moving car, called Puṣpaka, the wonders of which
are described in the Rāmāyaṇa
this potency was,
as usual, acquired by self-inflicted austerities, which
had obtained from Brahmā a boon, in virtue of which
Rāvaṇa was invulnerable by gods and divine beings
of all kinds, though not by men or a god in human
form
as Viṣṇu became incarnate in Rāma-candra
to destroy Rāvaṇa, so other gods produced innume-
rable monkeys, bears, and various semi-divine animals
to do battle with the legions of demons, his subjects,
under Khara, Dūṣaṇa, and his other generals
see
हनु-मत्)
a patronymic from Ravaṇa
N. of the
author of a commentary on the Sāma-veda
of one
on the Ṛg-veda
of the author of the Arka-cikitsā
of a king of Kaśmīra (mentioned together with Indra-
jit and Vibhīṣaṇa)
(अम्), n. the act of screaming,
&c.
N. of a Muhūrta.
—रावण-गङ्गा, f. ‘Rā-
vaṇa's Ganges, ’ N. of a river in Laṅkā (called after
the Rākṣasa Rāvaṇa).
—रावण-हस्र, a parti-
cular stringed instrument.
—रावण-ह्रद, अस्, m.,
N. of a lake (from which the Śata-dru or Sutlej
takes its rise).
—रावणारि (°ण-अरि), इस्, m. Rā-
vaṇa's enemy, i. e. Rāma.
Macdonell
EnglishBenfey
EnglishHindi
Hindiलंका से एक राक्षस राजा जो राम की पत्नी का अपहरण कर लिया
Apte Hindi
Hindiरावण
वि* - रावयति भीषयति सर्वान् - रु + णिच् + ल्युट्
"क्रन्दन करने वाला, चीखने वाला, दहाड़ने वाला, शोक के कारण रोने धोने वाला"
रावणः
- -
"एक प्रसिद्ध राक्षस, लंका का राजा, राक्षसों का मुखिया "
Shabdartha Kaustubha
Kannadaरावण
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ರಾಕ್ಷಸರ ರಾಜ /ರಾಕ್ಷಸಾಧಿಪತಿ /ಲಂಕಾಪುರದ ದೊರೆ
निष्पत्तिः - > "अण्" (४-१-९२) । प्रकृतेः रवणादेशः । रु (शब्दे) + णिच् - "ल्युः" (३-१-१३४) इति वा ।
व्युत्पत्तिः - > विश्रवसोऽपत्यं पुमान् । रावयति
प्रयोगाः - > १) "यस्मात् लोकत्रयं चैतत् रावितं भयमागतम् । तस्मात्त्वं रावणो नाम्ना वीरो भविष्यसि ॥" २) "स रावणो नाम निकामभीषणं बभूव रक्षः क्षतक्षरणं दिवः" ३) "रावणस्यापि रामास्तो भित्वा हृदयमाशुनः । विवेश भुवमाख्यातुमुरगेभ्य इव प्रियम्"
उल्लेखाः - > रामा०, माघ० १-४८, रघु० १२-९१
L R Vaidya
EnglishEdgerton Buddhist Hybrid
EnglishSanskrit Tibetan
Tibetansgra sgrog par byed
रावण
sgra sgrogs
१) * आडम्बर २) क्रुष्ट ३) प्रतिश्रुत ४) रावण ५) रोरुक / रौरुक ६) वाचाट ७) शब्द
sgra sgrogs kyi bu
१) खारनादि २) रावण
sgra srog gi bu
रावण
अभिधानचिन्तामणिः
Sanskritपौलस्यो रावणो रक्षो लङ्केशो दशकंधरः ।
पौलस्त्य (पुं), रावण (पुं), रक्षईश (पुं), लङ्केश (पुं), दशकन्धर (पुं)
वैजयन्तीकोषः
SanskritWord: रावणः
Root: रावण
Gender: पुं
Number: all
अर्थः ⇒ लङ्काधिपतिः विश्वश्रवसः पुत्रः
Meaning(s):
⇒ King of the Rakṣasas
Shloka(s):
1|2|42|1 ► अलक्ष्मीर्निरृतिर्ज्येष्ठा रावणस्तु हरानतः। (स्वर्गकाण्डः/लोकपालाध्यायः)
1|2|42|2 ► दशास्यो विंशतिभुजश्चतुष्पान्मानमन्दिरः॥ (स्वर्गकाण्डः/लोकपालाध्यायः)
1|2|43|1 ► लङ्केश्वरो यातुपतिः सन्नाहोऽस्य विचोलकः। (स्वर्गकाण्डः/लोकपालाध्यायः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 1|2|42|1 ⇢ रावणः (रावण) (पुं) ⇒ King of the Rakṣasas ⇒ लङ्काधिपतिः विश्वश्रवसः पुत्रः
➠ 1|2|42|1 ⇢ हरानतः (हरानत) (पुं) ⇒ Epithet of Rāvaṇa ⇒ लङ्काधिपतिः विश्वश्रवसः पुत्रः
➠ 1|2|42|2 ⇢ दशास्यः (दशास्य) (पुं) ⇒ Epithet of Rāvaṇa ⇒ लङ्काधिपतिः विश्वश्रवसः पुत्रः
➠ 1|2|42|2 ⇢ विंशतिभुजः (विंशतिभुज) (पुं) ⇒ Epithet of Rāvaṇa ⇒ लङ्काधिपतिः विश्वश्रवसः पुत्रः
➠ 1|2|42|2 ⇢ चतुष्पात् (चतुष्पाद्) (पुं) ⇒ Epithet of Rāvaṇa ⇒ लङ्काधिपतिः विश्वश्रवसः पुत्रः
➠ 1|2|42|2 ⇢ मानमन्दिरः (मानमन्दिर) (पुं) ⇒ Epithet of Rāvaṇa ⇒ लङ्काधिपतिः विश्वश्रवसः पुत्रः
➠ 1|2|43|1 ⇢ लङ्केश्वरः (लङ्केश्वर) (पुं) ⇒ Epithet of Rāvaṇa ⇒ लङ्काधिपतिः विश्वश्रवसः पुत्रः
➠ 1|2|43|1 ⇢ यातुपतिः (यातुपति) (पुं) ⇒ Epithet of Rāvaṇa ⇒ लङ्काधिपतिः विश्वश्रवसः पुत्रः
Related word(s):
जातिः ➡ देवयोनिः
स्व_स्वामीसंबन्धः ➡ विचोलकः
जन्य_जनकसंबन्धः ➡ इन्द्रजित्
Mahabharata
EnglishRāvaṇa, king of the Rākshasas on Laṅkā, son of Viśravas (Pulastya) (originally named Daśagrīva). § 11 (Parvasaṅgr.): I, 2, 475 (Rāmeṇa…nihato Rºaḥ, cf. Rāmopākhyānaparvan).--§ 383 (Paraśu-Rāma): III, 99, 8657 (Vishṇu was born as Rāma Dāśarathi in order to slay R.).--§ 425 (Hanūmad-Bhīmasenasaṃv.): III, 147, 11199 (Rākshasendreṇa, had ravished Sītā)
148, 11205, 11208, 11212 (lokarāvaṇaḥ, the contents of Rāmopākhyānaparvan briefly narrated).--§ 430 (do.): III, 150, 11279, 11281, 11283.-§ 525 (Rāmopākhyānap.): III, 274, 15873 (Rākshasendreṇa, had ravished Sītā), 15875, 15881, 15882 (grandson of Brahmán and son of Pulastya (in the form of Viśravas)).-§ 526 (do.): III, 275, [15895 (Rākshasendrau KumbhakarṇaDaśagrīvau, sons of Viśravas and Pushpotkaṭā), 15898 (Daśagrīvaḥ…Rākshasendraḥ), (), 15904 (Daśagrīvaḥ, lived upon air alone amidst five fires, standing on one leg during 1, 000 years)], (), (15913) (Brahmán gave back to R. his heads which he had cut off and offered to the fire and granted him that he should be able to assume any form at will and never experience defeat at the hands of Gandharvas, gods, Kinnaras, Asuras, Yakshas, Rākshasas, Serpents, and Bhūtas (but only from men whom he despised)), 15922 (defeated Kubera and obtained the sovereignty of Laṅkā and the vimāna of Kubera, named Pushpaka
Kubera cursed R.), 15928 (installed as king of the Rākshasas and the Piśācas, etymology of the name R.).--§ 528 (Rāvaṇagamana): III, 277, 15990, 15991 (Śūrpaṇakhā excited Rāvaṇa to take vengeance on Rāma Dāśarathi, R. sought the assistance of Mārīca).--§ 529 (Sītāharaṇa): III, 278, 16001, 16005, 16006, 16008, 16015, 16016, 16031, 16035 (Rākshasarājaḥ), 16042 (in the shape of a mendicant R. ravished Sītā).-§ 530 (Viśvāvasumokshaṇa): III, 279, 16046 (Rākshaseśvaraṃ, slew Jaṭāyus), 16066, 16067, 16087 (Laṅkānivāsinā), 16091.--§ 531 (Rāmopākhyānap.): III, 280, 16097.-§ 532 (Sītāsāntvana): III, 280, 16133, 16151 (b: R. had been cursed by Nalakūbara for having violated Rambhā: he would not be able to violate any woman by force).--§ 533 (Sītā-Rāvaṇasaṃv.): III, 281, 16167 (b: R. was the conqueror of the gods, Dānavas, Gandharvas, Yakshas, and Kimpurushas, he looked like the kalpavṛksha of Indra and like Śanaiśvara when approaching Rohiṇī. He possessed many daughters of the gods and the Gandharvas, of the Dānavas and the Daityas. He ruled 140 millions of Piśācas, twice as many man-eating Rākshasas and thrice as many Yakshas (some are under the sway of Kubera), in his drinking-hall Gandharvas and Apsarases wait upon him (as upon Kubera), he was the son of the ṛshi Viśravas, his queen was Mandodarī), 16191.--§ 534 (Hanūmatpratyāgamana): III, 282, 16220, 16252, 16256.--§ 535 (Setubandhana): III, 283, 16320 (ºāmatyau…Śuka-Sāraṇau), 16322.--§ 536 (Laṅkāpraveśa): III, 284, 16324 (fortified Laṅkā), 16339.-§ 537 (Rāma-Rāvaṇayuddha): III, 285, 16364 (Rºānugāḥ), 16368, 16371, 16375 (fought with Rāma Dāśarathi).--§ 538 (Kumbhakarṇaraṇagamana): III, 286, 16387 (Rāma-Rºsainyānāṃ), 16395, 16396 (roused his brother Kumbhakarṇa and caused him to set out for battle).--§ 540 (Indrajidyuddha): III, 288, 16439 (father of Indrajit).--§ 541 (Indrajidvadha): III, 289, 16489, 16490, 16496 (Indrajit is slain).--§ 542 (Rāvaṇavadha): III, 290, 16502, 16512, 16513 (māyā…Rāvaṇasya), 16515, 16526 (ºāntakaraṃ, sc. śaraṃ), 16528 (nihataṃ, Rāma slew R.).--§ 543 (Rāmarājyābhisheka): III, 291, 16531 (hatvā Rºṃ Rākshasendraṃ, sc. Rāmaḥ).--§ 565 (Gālavacarita): V, 109, 3790 (atra--i.e. in the south--Rākshasarājena Paulastyena mahātmanā Rºena tapaś cartvā surebhyo 'maratā vṛtā).--§ 592 (Saṃśaptakavadhap.): VII, 23, 1037 (aśvāś ca kāmagās tasya Rºsya yathā purā).--§ 595 (Shoḍaśarāj., v. Rāma Dāśarathi): VII, 59, 2227 (Rākshasaḥ, all. to Rāmopākhyānaparvan).--§ 599 (Jayadrathavadhap.): VII, 96, 3569 (yādṛśaṃ…RāmaRºyor mṛdhe)
106, 3981 (yādṛk…purā vṛttaṃ RāmaRºyoḥ).--§ 600 (Ghaṭotkacavadhap.): VII, 181, 8236 (ºena samaprāṇāḥ, sc. Hiḍimba-Baka-Kirmīrāḥ).--§ 604 (Karṇap.): VIII, 5, 143 (yathā Rāmeṇa Rºḥ, sc. nihataḥ).--§ 612 (Hradapraveśap.): IX, 31, 1752 (Paulastyatanayo Rºo nāma Rākshasaḥ Rāmeṇa nihataḥ).--§ 615 (Gadāyuddhap.): IX, 55, 3107 (sadṛśakarmāṇau…Rāma-Rºyoḥ, sc. Bhīmasena and Duryodhana).--§ 717b (Nārāyaṇīya): XII, 340, 12953 (tato Rakshaḥpatiṃ ghoraṃ Pulastyakulapāṃsanaṃ hanishye-sc. incarnate as Rāma Dāśarathi--Rºṃ raudraṃ sagaṇam lokakaṇṭakaṃ, says Nārāyaṇa). Cf. also the following synonyms:-Daśagrīva (“having ten necks”): III, 15895 (Kumbha{??}rṇa-Dºau), 15898, 15904, 15915, 15920, 15927, 15928, 15930, 16011, 16304, 16400, 16498, 16501, 16515, 16519, 16521, 16532, 16535, 16612, 17467
VII, 6827 (ºsamaḥ, sc. Ghaṭotkaca)
XII, 13878. Daśakandhara (do.): III, 16516. Daśānana (“having ten faces”): III, 15908, 15999, 16000, 16370, 16505. Daśāsya (do.): III, 11324. Paulastya, Paulastyatanaya, q.v. Rakshaḥpati (“lord of the Rakshases”): XII, 12952. Rakshas, Rākshasa, Rākshasādhipa, Rākshasādhipati, Rākshasaśreshṭha, Rākshasamaheśvara, Rākshasapati, Rākshasapuṅgava, Rākshasarāja, Rākshaseśvara, Rākshasendra, q.v.
पुराणम्
Englishरावण / RĀVAṆA. The rākṣasa King of laṅkā who had ten heads.1) Genealogy. Descended from viṣṇu thus:--brahmā-pulastya--viśravas--rāvaṇa.2) Birth. viśravas, grandson of brahmā and son of pulastya married kaikasī, daughter of sumālī. While viśravas and kaikasī were living in the forest Śleṣmātaka, kaikasī became pregnant. She delivered four children in four Yāmas, with an interval of one yāma between them. The elder three were the famous Rākṣasas, rāvaṇa, kumbhakarṇa and vibhīṣaṇa
the fourth one, a girl, was named śūrpaṇakhā. (Kamba rāmāyaṇa, Bālakāṇḍa).
kubera was another son of viśravas born of another wife called Devavarṇī alias Īlabilā. As soon as he came of age kubera captured the puṣpaka chariot and began ruling the kingdom with laṅkā as capital. (uttara rāmāyaṇa).3) Previous lives of rāvaṇa. See under jaya XI.4) rāvaṇa secured boons. kaikasī (Rāvaṇa's mother) who became envious of the pomp and prowess of kubera advised her son to secure boons from brahmā by tapas and become equal to kubera. Accordingly he went to gokarṇa with his brothers and began tapas. kumbhakarṇa did tapas for 10, 000 years
vibhīṣaṇa also did tapas for 10, 000 years standing on one foot. rāvaṇa, standing in the middle of the five fires, meditated upon brahmā. Though 10, 000 years passed thus, brahmā did not appear yet. rāvaṇa then cut one of his ten heads and made an offering of it to brahmā in the fire. Thus, within 9000 years he cut nine of his heads and offered them to brahmā in the fire. Lastly when he was about to cut off his tenth head, brahmā appeared and asked him to choose whatever boon he wanted. rāvaṇa chose the boon that from none but men should he meet with his death. kumbhakarṇa desired to secure the boon of ‘nirdevatva’ (Absence of the devas) but secured by a slip of the tongue ‘nidrāvatvam’ (sleep). vibhīṣaṇa chose devotion to viṣṇu. On his return after securing the boons, rāvaṇa occupied laṅkā, drove away kubera and took his puṣpaka chariot. rāvaṇa further declared Mahāviṣṇu to be his eternal enemy. Hearing about Rāvaṇa's victory the Rākṣasas from pātāla came to live in laṅkā. 5) Family life. Rāvana married mandodarī, fosterdaughter of Mayāsura and three sons, meghanāda, atikāya and Akṣakumāra were born to the couple. He then conquered the whole world with the cooperation of his sons and other Rākṣasas. The aṣṭadikpālakas (protectors of the eight regions) were subjugated. He attacked Devaloka, but was defeated and imprisoned. meghanāda by magical trickery captured indra and released rāvaṇa from custody. meghanāda came to be called indrajit from that day onwards.6) kārtavīryārjuna and rāvaṇa. See under kārtavīryārjuna, para 6.7) Curses heaped on rāvaṇa. As a result of ruling the land, as a terror to the whole world, for many years and of his triumphal journey rāvaṇa had invited on his head eighteen śāpas (curses) as follows.(i) nalakūbara śāpa. rāvaṇa once insulted rambhā, the betrothed wife of nalakūbara during her tour at a place near alakā. On hearing about the insult nalakūbara cursed that rāvaṇa should die with his ten heads broken.(ii) Vedavatīśāpa. While vedavatī, the only daughter of sage kuśadhvaja, was doing tapas to secure Śrī mādhava as her husband. rāvaṇa committed rape on her and she cursed him thus:--“You and your family will be ruined by Lord nārāyaṇa on account of me.”(iii) Brāhmaṇaśāpa. He invited a Vedic brahmin to install the idol of Tripurasundarī given to him by śiva. As the brahmin happened to be a bit late to come, rāvaṇa imprisoned him for seven days, and the old brahmin cursed that rāvaṇa would be imprisoned seven months by a man.(iv) Nandikeśvaraśāpa. For calling him ‘monkey’ at kailāsa, Nandikeśvara cursed that rāvaṇa and his kingdom would be destroyed by monkeys.(v) Vasiṣṭhaśāpa. As vasiṣṭha refused Rāvaṇa's invitation to teach the Vedas etc. he took the former captive. When he was released from captivity by the solar King Kuvalayāśva, vasiṣṭha cursed that rāvaṇa and his family would be destroyed by those born in the solar dynasty.(vi) Aṣṭāvakraśāpa. rāvaṇa once saw sage aṣṭāvakra at Śleṣmātaka and gave him a kick saying, ‘Oh! handsome fellow! I shall cure your eight hunches”, and the sage cursed rāvaṇa as follows:--For kicking me, a poor innocent sage, you will be kicked from head to foot and foot to head by monkeys.”(vii) Dattātreyaśāpa. rāvaṇa once poured on his own head water kept purified by mantras by dattātreya to bathe the head of his guru, and the latter cursed that Rāvaṇa's head would be polluted by the feet of monkeys.(viii) Dvaipāyanaśāpa. When rāvaṇa molested and wounded the lips of Dvaipāyana's sister in his own presence he cursed that Rāvaṇa's sister would be mutilated by a man and he would be humiliated by monkeys.(ix) Māṇḍavyaśāpa. During a pleasure trip of his with mandodarī rāvaṇa cruelly manhandled Māṇḍavyamaharṣi, when the latter cursed that rāvaṇa too would be roughly handled by a monkey.(x) Atriśāpa. rāvaṇa once dragged by hair the wife of atri in his very presence, and atri cursed that rāvaṇa will have to witness his wife being denuded of her dress and dragged by the hair by monkeys. (xi) Nāradaśāpa. nārada refused to explain the meaning of ‘Om’ to rāvaṇa and the latter threatened to cut the tongue of nārada. nārada then cursed that all the ten heads of rāvaṇa would be cut by a man.(xii) Ṛtuvarmaśāpa. rāvaṇa once raped Madanamañjarī, wife of Ṛtuvarman, who lived as an anchorite in the marutta forest, and the latter cursed that rāvaṇa would be killed by a man.(xiii) Maudgalyaśāpa. Once maharṣi maudgalya was sitting in the svastika pose resting his neck on the yogadaṇḍa (a short stick-like piece of wood with a handle) rāvaṇa happened to come there and he cut into two the yogadaṇḍa with his candrahāsa (sword) with the result that the maharṣi fell down with face upwards and broke his back-bone. The maharṣi then cursed that Rāvaṇa's candrahāsa would prove ineffective in future.(xiv) Brāhmaṇajananīśāpa. Certain young brahmin girls who had gone for sea-bath were humiliated by rāvaṇa in the presence of their mothers when they cursed that the wife of rāvaṇa would be insulted in his very presence by monkeys.(xv) Agniśāpa. rāvaṇa once humiliated Svāhādevī, wife of agni in his very presence and agni cursed that Rāvaṇa's wife would be humiliated by monkeys in his presence.(xvi) Anaraṇyaśāpa. rāvaṇa killed by one blow on his chest King anaraṇya of the solar dynasty who sought refuge with him, and the King cursed that rāvaṇa would die with all his ten heads cut by the arrows of a prince of the solar dynasty.(xvii) bṛhaspati śāpa. When rāvaṇa was about to return after conquering Devaloka and taking the devas captives, Sulekhādevī, daughter of bṛhaspati tried to take shelter somewhere when rāvaṇa attempted to catch her by force. Then bṛhaspati cursed that rāvaṇa would die hit by the arrows of rāma.(xviii) Brahmadevaśāpa. rāvaṇa tried to humiliate Puñjikādevī, daughter of brahmā, and the latter cursed that rāvaṇa would die with all his ten heads broken if he touched unwilling women.8) rāvaṇa got candrahāsa. See under candrahāsa.9) He threatened devas. rāvaṇa, during his triumphal march with the armies, once came to the Uśīravīra mountain. Then the King called marutta was performing maheśvara yajña on the plains of the mountain. indra and the other devas came to receive their portion of the offerings. But they ran away in fear on the arrival of rāvaṇa. indra assumed the form of a peacock, yama that of a crow, kubera that of a chameleon and varuṇa that of a swan, and the devas, thus assuming various forms went away in different directions. marutta got angry and got ready to fight rāvaṇa. But, as the maharṣis prevented him from it no fighting took place. rāvaṇa returned with the glories of victory.10) He defeated kāla. Once nārada felt the urge to witness a quarrel. He went to laṅkā and told rāvaṇa tales about kāla, that kāla was more powerful than rāvaṇa, that kāla would soon be causing Rāvaṇa's death etc. These stories awakened the anger in rāvaṇa against kāla, and the former, with a strong army challenged kāla, and war between the two started. brahmā was in a fix, for he had given rāvaṇa the boon that the latter would be killed only by a man. At the same time he had given the boon to kāla that anybody thrashed with his (Kāla's) club would die. brahmā, therefore, decided to end the fighting between kāla and rāvaṇa somehow, and he approached kāla and requested him to withdraw from fighting. Accordingly kāla acknowledged defeat and thus the fighting ended.11) rāvaṇa attacked pātāla. Afterwards rāvaṇa marched with his army to pātāla where he defeated takṣaka, the nāga King and exacted tributes from him. Then he attacked nivātakavacas. When the fighting became very fierce brahmā intervened and brought about a compromise between the two. Next, rāvaṇa attacked surabhi in Varuṇa's palace, but the Rākṣasas who emerged from the pores on Surabhi's body drove away rāvaṇa.12) Raped rambhā. See under nalakūbara.13) His death. Rāvaṇa's sister, śūrpaṇakhā met Śrī rāma and lakṣmaṇa at pañcavaṭī and wanted first rāma and then lakṣmaṇa to marry her. But, lakṣmaṇa cut away her nose, breasts etc. Enraged by this rāvaṇa abducted sītā. śrī rāma, with the help of the monkey-army, killed rāvaṇa in war. (See under rāma.14) Synonyms of rāvaṇa. Daśakandhara, daśānana, Daśāsya, paulastya, Pulastyatanaya, Rakṣaḥpati, Rākṣasādhipa, Rākṣasamaheśvara. (vālmīki rāmāyaṇa and Kamba rāmāyaṇa).
शब्दकल्पद्रुमः
Sanskritरावणः, (रवणस्यापत्यमिति । रवण +“शिवादिभ्योऽण् ।” ४ । १ । ११२ । इतिअण् । यद्वा, रावयति भीषयति सर्व्वानिति ।रु + णिच् + ल्युः ।) लङ्काधिपतिः । तत्पर्य्यायः ।पौलस्त्यः २ रक्षः ३ लङ्केशः ४ दशकन्धरः ५ ।इति हेमचन्द्रः ॥
दशकण्ठः ६ निकषात्मजः ७राक्षसेन्द्रः ८ लङ्केशः ९ पङ्क्तिग्रीवः १० दशा-ननः ११ । इति शब्दरत्नावली ॥
लङ्कापतिः १२दशास्यः १३ । इति जटाधरः ॥
(अस्यनिरुक्तिर्यथा, रामायणे ।“यस्माल्लोकत्रयं चैतद्रावितं भयमागतम् ।तस्मात्त्वं रावणो नाम नाम्ना वीरो भवि-ष्यसि ॥
”)तस्योत्पत्तिनाशौ यथा, --सूत उवाच ।“मानवस्य नरैष्यन्त आसीत् पुत्त्रो दमः किल ।नवमस्तस्य दायादस्तृणबिन्दुरिति स्मृतः ॥
तस्य कन्या इडविडा रूपेणाप्रतिमा भुवि ।पुलस्त्याय स राजर्षिस्तां कन्यां प्रव्यपादयत् ॥
ऋषिरैडविडो यस्यां विश्रवाः समपद्यत ।तस्य पत्न्यश्चतस्रश्च पूर्व्वा वै देववर्णिनी ॥
ज्येष्ठं वैश्रवणं यज्ञे कुरूपं देववर्णिनी ।त्रिपादं सुमहाकायं स्थूलशीर्षं महाहनुम् ॥
अष्टदंष्ट्रं हरिश्मश्रुं शङ्कुकर्णविलोहितम् ।पिङ्गलं नाम संदृश्य पिता तस्याब्रवीत्ततः ॥
कुत्सायान्तु कुशब्दोऽयं शरीरञ्चेदमुच्यते ।कुशरीरत्वाच्च नाम्ना तेन वै स कुवेरकः ॥
ऋध्यां कुवेरो जनयद्विश्रुतं नलकूरम् ॥
रावणं कुम्भकर्णञ्च कन्यां सूर्पणखां तथा ।विभीषणं चतुर्थन्तु नैकष्यजनयत् सुतम् ॥
शङ्कुकर्णो दशग्रीवः पिङ्गलो रक्तमूद्धजः ।चतुष्पाद्विं शतिभुजो महाकायो महाबलः ॥
जात्यञ्जननिभो मर्द्दलोहितग्रीव एव च ।निसर्गाद्दारुणः क्रूरः स रावण इति स्मृतः ॥
हिरण्यकशिपुस्त्वासीत् स राजा पूर्व्वजन्मनि ॥
चतुर्युगानां राजा तु त्रयोदश स राक्षसः ॥
ताः पञ्चकोट्यो वर्षाणां संख्याताः संख्ययाद्बिजैः ।नियुतानामेकषष्टिः संख्याविद्भिरुदाहृताः ॥
षष्टिश्चैव सहस्राणि वर्षाणां हि स रावणः ।देवतानां पितॄणाञ्च घोरं कृत्वा प्रजागरम् ॥
त्रेतायुगे चतुर्थांशे रावणस्तपसः क्षयात् ।रामं दाशरथं प्राप्य सगणः क्षयमीयिवान् ॥
”इति वह्निपुराणे वाराहप्रादुर्भावनामाध्यायः ॥
वाचस्पत्यम्
SanskritBurnouf
FrenchNo entries for this word is found.
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