यदु (yadu)
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शब्दसागरः
Englishयदु (-दुः)
1. The name of a king, the ancestor of KRISHṆA, and the
eldest son of YAYĀTĪ and DEVAYĀNĪ, the sixth monarch of the
lunar dynasty.
2. A country on the west of the Jamunā river about
Mathurā and Brindābana, over which YADU ruled, and named
after him: according to some authorities, however, the kingdom
of YADU, is the Dakshin or Peninsula of India.
Plu. (-वाः)
I. The Yādavas, the people of YADU.
2. Descendants of king
YADU: more usually however यादवाः ।
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Wilson
Englishयदु
(-टुः)
1 The name of a king, the ancestor of KṚṢṆA, and the eldest son of
YAYĀTI, the fifth monarch of the lunar dynasty.
2 A country on the west of the Jumna river about Mathurā and
Vṛndāvana, over which YADU ruled, and named after him: according to some
authorities, however, the kingdom of YADU, is the Dekshin or Peninsula
of India.
plu. (-वाः)
1 The Yādavas, the people of YADU.
2 Descendants of king YADU: more usually however यादवा.
Apte
Englishयदुः [yaduḥ], 1 of an ancient king, the eldest son of Yayāti and Devayānī and ancestor of the Yādavas.
of a country near Mathurā. -कुलोद्भवः, -नन्दनः, -श्रेष्ठः epithets of Kṛiṣṇa.
Apte 1890
EnglishMonier Williams Cologne
Englishय॑दु of an ancient hero (in the Veda often mentioned together with Turvaśa [or Turvasu] q.v., and described as preserved by Indra during an inundation
in epic poetry he is a son of Yayāti and brother of Puru and Turvasu, Kṛṣṇa being descended from Yadu, and Bharata and Kuru from Puru
Yadu is also called a son of Vasu, king of Cedi, or a son of Hary-aśva),
Monier Williams 1872
Englishयदु यदु, उस्, m., N. of an ancient hero
(often mentioned in the Veda together with Turvaśa
or Turvasu, and described as preserved by Indra during
an inundation, see Ṛg-veda I. 174, 9)
N. of a son
of Yayāti, (in the later mythology Yadu and Puru
are both sons of Yayāti, the fifth monarch of the
lunar dynasty, Kṛṣṇa being descended from Yadu
[cf. यदु-नाथ below], and both Bharata and
Kuru, the ancestor of the Pāṇḍu princes, being
descended from Puru
Yadu is also described as a
brother of Turvasu)
N. of a son of Vasu (king of
Cedi)
of a son of Hary-aśva
(according to some)
N. of a country on the west of the Jumna river,
about Mathurā and Vṛndā-vana, over which Yadu
ruled, (according to other authorities the kingdom
of Yadu is the Dakṣiṇa or peninsula of India)
(अवस्), m. pl. the family and descendants of Yadu
[cf. यादव]
= दशार्हाः, q. v.
—यदु-कुलोद्वह
(°ल-उद्°) or यदूद्वह, अस्, m. ‘supporter of the
family of Yadu, ’ N. of Kṛṣṇa.
—यदु-ध्र, अस्,
m., N. of a Ṛṣi.
—यदु-नाथ, अस्, or यदु-
पति, इस्, m. ‘lord of the Yadus, ’ N. of Kṛṣṇa.
—यदु-पुङ्गव, अस्, m. a chief of the Yadus.
—यदु-वंश, अस्, m. the family of Yadu.
—य-
दु-वीर-मुख्य, अस्, m. ‘leader of the heroes of
Yadu, ’ N. of Kṛṣṇa.
—यदु-श्रेष्ठ, अस्, m.
‘best of the Yadus, ’ N. of Kṛṣṇa.
Macdonell
EnglishBenfey
EnglishApte Hindi
Hindiयदुः
- यज् + उ पृषो* जस्य दः
"एक प्राचीन राजा का नाम, ययाति और देवयानी का ज्येष्ठ पुत्र, यादवों का वंश प्रवर्तक"
Shabdartha Kaustubha
Kannadaयदु
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಯಯಾತಿರಾಜನ ಹಿರಿಯ ಮಗ /ಯಾದವರ ಮೂಲಪುರುಷ /ಶುಕ್ರಾಚಾರ್ಯರ ಮಗಳಾದ ದೇವಯಾನಿಯ ಪುತ್ರ
यदु
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಯದುವಂಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದವನು
Mahabharata
EnglishYadu^1, son of Yayāti and ancestor of the Yadus (Yādavas). § 6 (Anukram.): I, 1, 225 (in Sañjaya's enumeration).-§ 143 (Nahusha): I, 75, 3159 (his genealogy).--§ 144 (Yayāti): I, 75, 3162, 3167 (ºprabhṛtayaḥ, Y., etc., would not take the decrepitude of Yayāti, cf. § 148).--§ 147 (Devayānī): I, 83, 3432 (son of Yayāti and Devayānī).-§ 148 (Yayāti): I, 84, 3466 (putraṃ jyeshṭhaṃ), 3468 (3470) (b: As Y. would not take the decrepitude of Yayāti, the latter cursed him, saying that his children should never be kings)
85, 3519 (jyeshṭhaṃ), 3520 (jyeshṭhaḥ), 3523 (jyeshṭhena), 3525 (excluded from the throne), 3533 (b: The Yādavas are the descendants of Y.).--§ 149 (do.): I, 86, 3545 (ºpurogamān).--§ 156 (Pūruvaṃś.): I, 95, 3762 (his genealogy), ††3763 (his descendants were the Yādavas).-§ 565 (Gālavacarita): V, 120, 4027, 4038.--§ 569b (Yayāti): V, 149, 5043 (jyeshṭhaḥ), 5045 [5046 (Yādavānāṃ kulakaraḥ)], 5048 (Y. resided in Hāstinapura
because he disregarded his father and brothers, he was cursed by Yayāti and expelled from the kingdom, cf. § 148).--§ 599e (Śini): VII, 144, 6030 (in his race Devamīḍha was born).--§ 632 (Shoḍaśarāj., v. Yayāti): XII, 29, 991 (antyeshu putrān nikshipya Yº-Druhyupurogamān, sc. Yayāti, cf. § 148).-§ 768b (Kṛshṇa Vāsudeva): XIII, 147, 6833 (father of Kroshṭṛ).--§ 775 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 166, 7674. Cf. Daivayāneya.
Yadu^2, a prince. § 74 (Vasu): I, 63, 2364 (son of Vasu Uparicara).
Yadu, pl. (ºavaḥ) (“the descendants of Yadu^1”), a people = Yādava, pl., commonly synonymous with Vṛshṇi, pl. § 3 (Anukram.): I, 1, 46 (ºūnāṃ, sc. vaṃśaḥ).--§ 11 (Parvasaṅgr.): I, 2, 623 (ºvīrāṇām āpāne vaiśasaṃ, cf. § 793).--§ 132 (Aṃśāvat.): I, 67, 2796 (ºūnāṃ kule, Kṛshṇa was born in the race of the Y.).--§ 233 (Svayaṃvarap.): I, 187, †7012 (ºpuṅgavāḥ).--§ 238 (Pañcendrop.): I, 197, †7308 (ºūnāṃ kule, the black hair of Nārāyaṇa was born as Kṛshṇa in the race of the Y.).--§ 262 (Bhagavadyāna): II, 2, 54 (ºśreshṭhair Ugrasenamukhaiḥ).--§ 286 (Arghāharaṇap.): II, 26, 1321 (Nārāyaṇaḥ…ajāyata Yºkshaye, sc. as Kṛshṇa). --§ 402 (Tīrthayātrāp.): III, 120, †10288 (ºpravīrāḥ).-§ 510 (Draupadī-Satyabhāmāsaṃv.): III, 233, 14651 (kathāḥ Kuru-Yºūtthitāḥ).--§ 524d (Vishṇu): III, 272, 15848 (ajāyata Yºkshaye, sc. Vishṇu as Kṛshṇa).--§ 562 (Bhagavadyānap.): V, 83, 2937 (ºūnāṃ nandivardhanaṃ, sc. the chariot of Kṛshṇa).--§ 580 (Bhīshmavadhap.): VI, 59, †2609 (had abandoned Kaṃsa).--§ 581 (do.): VI, 60, †2659 (ºūnām ṛshabheṇa, i.e. Kṛshṇa).--§ 599 (Jayadrathavadhap.): VII, 118, †4699 (ºūnām ṛshabhaḥ, i.e. Sātyaki)
140, †5835 (do., do.).--§ 607 (Karṇap.): VIII, 37, †1740 (ºsadanam Upendrapālitaṃ).--§ 608 (do.): VIII, 76, †3853 (cakraṃ…sadārcitaṃ Yºbhiḥ).--§ 615 (Baladevatīrthayātrā): IX, 49, 2831 (ºūnāṃ pravaraḥ, i.e. Balarāma).-§ 617 (Aishīkap.): X, 12, 606 (ºūnām ṛshabhaḥ, i.e. Kṛshṇa)
13, 655 (ºūnām ṛshabheṇa, i.e. Kṛshṇa).--§ 639 (Rājadh.): XII, 50, 1816 (º-Kauravāḥ).--§ 656 (Khaḍgotpattik.): XII, 166, 6199.--§ 785 (Anugītāp.): XIV, 88, 2606 (ºstriyaḥ).--§ 793 (Mausalap.): XVI, 4, †106, †113
6, 168
8, 266.--§ 794 (Mahāprasthānikap.): XVII, 1, 8 (ºūnāṃ pariśeshaś ca Vajraḥ).
पुराणम्
Englishयदु १ / YADU I. The founder of yādava Vaṁśa or yadu Vaṁśa.1) Genealogy. From viṣṇu were descended in the following order:--brahmā--atri--candra--budha-purūravas--āyus--nahuṣa--yayāti--yadu.2) yadu Vaṁśa (yādava Vaṁśa). The origin of yadu Vaṁśa is from atri. candra, durvāsas and dattātreya muni were the sons of atri by anasūyā. budha was born to candra, purūravas was born to budha, āyus was born to purūravas, and nahuṣa was born to āyus. Two children, āyati and yayāti were born to nahuṣa. yayāti had two wives, śarmiṣṭhā and devayānī. three sons, druhyu, anudruhyu and pūru were born to śarmiṣṭhā. The pūru vaṁśa takes its origin from pūru. yayāti had two sons by devayānī. They were yadu and turvasu. The descendants of yadu are the Yādavas.
Four sons, sahasrajit, kroṣṭā, nala and ripu were born to yadu. sahasrajit had a son, śatajit. three sons mahābhaya, veṇuhaya and hehaya were born to śatajit. Of them hehaya became famous under the name of ekavīra and founded the hehaya vaṁśa. The Hehayas and Bhārgavas were on terms of enmity. dharma was born to hehaya, and kunti or Kuṇi was born to dharma. Kuṇi had four sons--sadājit, Māhiṣmān, bhadrasena and durdama. dhanaka was the son of bhadrasena and dhanaka had four sons--kṛtavīrya, kṛtāgni, kṛtavarmā and kṛtaujas. Of them, kṛtavīrya who was the eldest, was the father of kārtavīryārjuna. From here, yadu vaṁśa continues from kārtavīryārjuna. He had five sons, jayadhvaja, śūrasena, vṛṣabha, madhu and Ūrjjita. vṛṣṇi was the son of madhu, the fourth of them. From this point, yadu vaṁśa continues from vṛṣṇi. yādava vaṁśa from this stage is also known as vṛṣṇi vaṁśa. vṛṣṇi had four sons--sumitra, yudhājit, vasu and sārvabhauma. yadu vaṁśa continues from yudhājit. He had two sons, śini and nimna. Śini's son was satyaka and Satyaka's son was sātyaki. sātyaki had another name, yuyudhāna. jaya was Sātyaki's son. Kuṇi was the son of jaya, anamitra was the son of Kuṇi and pṛśni was the son of anamitra. Pṛśni's sons were citraratha and śvaphalka. viḍūratha and Kukūra were born to citraratha. śūra was the son of viḍūratha. śini was the son of śūra, bhoja was the son of śini, hṛdīka was the son of bhoja. Four sons, devavāha, Gadādhanvā, kṛtaparvā and śūra, were born to hṛdīka. śūra married māriṣā and their children were vasu, devabhāga, devaśravas, ānaka. sṛñjaya, Kākānīka, śyāmaka, vatsa, Kavūka and vasudeva. vasudeva married devakī, the sister of kaṁsa. śrī kṛṣṇa was their son. pradyumna was the son of śrī kṛṣṇa. aniruddha was the son of pradyumna and vajra was the son of aniruddha. The last known link of that branch of yadu vaṁśa was vajra.
kaṁsa also belonged to yadu vaṁśa. Kukūra who was the brother of viḍūratha was the ancestor of kaṁsa. ugrasena who was a lineal descendant of Kukūra, was the father of kaṁsa. The Purāṇas mention devakī, the mother of śrī kṛṣṇa as Kaṁsa's sister. But in fact she was not his direct sister. ugrasena, Kaṁsa's father, had a brother named devaka. This devaka had three sons, devāpa, upadeva and sudeva. devakī, Śrī Kṛṣṇa's mother was the daughter of devāpa. devakī had six sisters who were--Śrutadevā, śāntidevā, Upadevā, śrīdevā, devarakṣitā and Sahadevā.
akrūra who went to Ambāḍi also belonged to another branch of yadu vaṁśa. pṛśni who was of the ninth generation from vṛṣṇi, had two sons--citraratha and śvaphalka. akrūra was the son of śvaphalka.3) Other details about yadu Vaṁśa (i) Once yayāti wanted his son yadu to transfer the latter's youthfulness to yayāti. The son refused to oblige the father who therefore pronounced a curse that Yadu's descendants would not enjoy kingship. (For detailed story, see under yayāti).(ii) Yadu's descendants are called Yādavas. (M.B. Ādi Parva, Chapter 95, Verse 10). (iii) yadu was the son of devayānī and the grandson of śukrācārya. Although yadu was a hero, he was dullwitted. He did not obey his father. He used to despise his father and brothers. His capital city was hastināpura. He became dull-witted after the loss of his kingdom by the curse of his father. (M.B. Udyoga Parva, Chapter 149).4) The end of yadu Vaṁśa. śrī kṛṣṇa was one of the most important members of the yadu Vaṁśa. That family continued only for 36 years more after the end of the bhārata yuddha. At the end of the thirtysix years, evil omens began to appear in dvārakā. Whirlwinds began to blow furiously. Frightened birds began to fly helterskelter. Rivers began to flow upwards. The whole land was enveloped in mist. Comets continued to drop from heaven, scattering sparks of fire. The sun's disc was eclipsed with clouds of dust.
At that time, one day, the sages viśvāmitra, kaṇva and nārada happened to come to dvārakā. A band of Yādavas, under the leadership of sāmba, gathered round the sages to make fun of them. They dressed sāmba like a pregnant woman and asked the sages what child “she” would bear. The enraged sages replied that the “Child” would be an iron pestle which would be the cause of the death of all the Yādavas. Besides, they added that, with the exception of rāma, (balabhadra rāma) and kṛṣṇa, the whole of yādava Vaṁśa would come to ruin.
Next day sāmba did give birth to an iron pestle. The frightened Yādavas recalled the curse of the sages. They reported the matter to their king. The king, in deep gloom, had the pestle filed into dust and ordered his men to throw the dust into the sea.
People recalled Gāndhārī's curse on śrī kṛṣṇa after the bhārata yuddha. The curse was that the family of Śrī kṛṣṇa who was the cause of all mischief, would be wiped out within a period of 36 years.
At that time, women began to be stolen from dvārakā every night by a dark woman monster. Śrī Kṛṣṇa's weapon, cakra slipped out of Kṛṣṇa's grip and rose up to heaven, in the very presence of the Vṛṣṇis. Seeing these evil omens, the alarmed Vṛṣṇis and Andhakas began to leave the place on a pilgrimage. They reached the shore of prabhāsa tīrtha. The Uddhavas parted company with the Yādavas there. Nobody prevented the Uddhavas. śrī kṛṣṇa who saw that the end of the Yādavas was approaching, also kept silent. The yādava leaders in despair, took to drinking. Intoxicated by drinking they began to quarrel. The particles of the iron pestle thrown into the sea, were carried and deposited on the shore by the waves. They began to sprout into a kind of grass. The blades of this grass soon transformed themselves into iron pestles. The Yādavas pulled them out and began attacking each other with them. Most of them were beaten to death by their own kinsfolk. śrī kṛṣṇa who was in a state of trance in “Yogāsana”, was hit on his toe by an arrow shot by a hunter and he fell into samādhi. balabhadra rāma renounced his body and went to pātāla.
After that the sea advanced and submerged the whole of dvārakā. (M.B. Mausala Parva).
यदु २ / YADU II. There is another yadu mentioned in the Purāṇas, who was the son of Uparicara vasu. mahābhārata, Ādi Parva, Chapter 68, Verse 31, says that this vasu was never defeated by anyone at any time.
यदु ३ / YADU III. King of Yadus. There are references to this king in many places in the 1st Maṇḍala of ṛgveda.
Vedic Reference
EnglishYadu is the name of a tribe and of the king of the tribe.
They are mentioned repeatedly in the Rigveda, ^1 normally in
conjunction with Turvaśa. They seem to have taken part in
the great battle against Sudās:^2 the Yadu and the Turvaśa
kings seem to have escaped with their lives, while the Anu and
the Druhyu kings perished. This is at least the most natural
explanation of several passages, ^3 though these passages possibly
refer to a successful raid across the Sarayu, and a defeat of two
princes, Arṇa and Citraratha.^4 That Turvaśa was the Yadu
king, as Hopkins^5 holds, is most improbable.
1) i. 36, 18
54, 6
174, 9
iv. 30, 17
v. 31, 8
vi. 45, 1
viii. 4, 7
7, 18
9, 14
10, 5
45, 27
ix. 61, 2
x. 49, 8
plural, i. 108, 8. See Turvaśa, and
Hopkins, Journal of the American Oriental
Society, 15, 258 et seq.
2) Whether Yadu should be read in
Rv. vii. 18, 6, or not, the Yadus seem
to be meant. Cf. Yakṣu.
3) Rv. i. 174, 9
iv. 30, 17
v. 31, 3
vi. 20, 12.
4) Rv. iv. 30, 18.
5) Loc. cit.
Cf. Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 122,
124
Ludwig, Translation of the Rig-
veda, 3, 205
5, 142
Weber, Episches
im vedischen Ritual, 37.
शब्दकल्पद्रुमः
Sanskritयदुः, (यजते इति । यज् + उः । पृषोदरादि-त्वात् जस्थाने दकारः ।) देवयान्यां जातोययातेर्ज्येष्ठपुत्त्रः । तस्य वंशे पितृशापात् राजा-चक्रवर्त्ती नासीत् । तद्वंशे द्वापरयुगस्यान्तेश्रीकृष्णोऽवतीर्णः । इति श्रीभागवतमतम् ॥
तस्य मातुलकन्याविवाहकारणं यथा, --“जरां प्राप्य ययातिस्तु स्वपुरं प्राप्य चैव ह ।पुत्त्रं ज्येष्ठं वरिष्ठञ्च यदुमित्यब्रवीद्वचः ॥
त्वं यदो ! प्रतिमद्यस्व पाप्मानं जरया सह ।यौवनेन त्वदीयेन चरेयं विषयानहम् ॥
पूर्णे वर्षसहस्रे तु पुनस्ते यौवनं त्वहम् ।दत्त्वा संप्रतिपत्स्यामि पाप्मानं जरया सह ॥
यदुरुवाव ।सितश्मश्रुधरो दीनो जरया शिथिलीकृतः ।बलीसन्ततगात्रश्च दुर्द्धर्षो दुर्ब्बलः कृशः ॥
अशक्तः कार्य्यकरणे पापभूतश्च यौवने ।सहोपजीविभिश्चैव तां जरां नैव कामये ॥
सन्ति ते बहवः पुत्त्रा मत्तः प्रियतरा नृप ! ।जरां ग्रहीतुं धर्म्मज्ञ ! पुत्त्रमन्यं वृणीष्व वै ॥
ययातिरुवाच ।यो मे त्वं हृदयाज्जातो वयः स्वं न प्रयच्छसि ।पापान्मातुलसम्बन्धात् प्रजा वै ते भविष्यति ॥
”इति मात्स्ये ३१ अध्यायः ॥
* ॥
(हर्य्यश्वराजपुत्त्रः । यथा, हरिवंशे । ९३ । ४४ ।“तस्यैवं सुप्रवृत्तस्य पुत्त्रकामस्य धीमतः ।मधुमत्यां सुतो जज्ञे यदुर्नाम महायशाः ॥
”)
वाचस्पत्यम्
SanskritGrassman
Germanyádu, m., Eigenname eines neben turváśa (turvá) genannten indischen Stammhelden
vgl. turváśāyádu, im pl. Bezeichnung des von ihm abstammenden Geschlechtes.
-us {888, 10}.
-um {36, 18}
{54, 6}
{174, 9}
{461, 12}
{486, 1}
{624, 7}
{627, 18}
{773, 2}
{875, 8}. [Page1090]
-ave {385, 8}.
-au {629, 14}
{630, 5}
{665, 27}.
-ū siehe turvácāyádu.
-uṣu {108, 8}.
Burnouf
FrenchNo entries for this word is found.
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