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भरत (bharata)

 
शब्दसागरः
English
भरत
m.
 (-तः)
1. The younger brother of RĀMA.
2. The son of DUSH-
YANTA by SAKUNTALĀ.
3. The name of a sage or Muni.
4. The
name of a celebrated writer on dramatic composition, of which he
is also sometimes considered as the inventor
the term is also ap-
plied to his work, which appears to have been a body of Sūtras,
or rules relating to every branch of theatrical writing and exhi-
bition
it is said to be lost, but is constantly quoted by the com-
mentators on the Nātakas or Indian dramas.
5. An actor, a
dancer, a mime.
6. A barbarian, a mountaineer, a savage.
7. A
weaver.
8. A descendant of BHARATA.
E.
 भृ to nourish, अतच्
Unādi
aff.
Capeller Eng
English
भरत॑
m.
E.
 of Agni (lit. to be maintained or kept
alive)
N.
 of
sev.
 princes & other men,
esp.
 of a patriarchal hero & the
mythical author of dramatic art, also =
seq.
pl.
 the race of the
Bharatas.
Yates
English
भरत (तः) 1.
m.
 Son of
Dushyanta
brother of
Rāma
a sage
an
actor
a barbarian
a weaver.
Wilson
English
भरत
m.
 (-तः)
1 The younger brother of RĀMA.
2 The son of DUṢYANTA by ŚAKUNTALĀ.
3 The name of a sage or Muni,
4 The name of a celebrated writer on dramatic composition, of which he is also
sometimes considered as the inventor
the term is also applied to his work,
which appears to have been a body of Sūtras, or rules, relating to every
branch of theatrical writing and exhibition
it is said to be lost, but is
constantly quoted by the commentators on the Nāṭakas, or Indian
dramas.
5 An actor, a dancer, a mime,
6 A barbarian, a mountaineer, a savage.
7 A weaver.
8 A descendant of BHARATA.
E.
 भृ to nourish, अतच् Uṇādi
aff.
Apte
English
भरतः [bharatḥ], [भरं तनोति तन्-ड]
N.
 of the son of Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā, who became a universal monarch (चक्रवर्तिन्), India being called Bharatavarṣa after him. He was one of the remote ancestors of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas
cf.
Ś.*
 7.33.
N.
 of a brother of Rāma, son of Kaikeyī, the youngest wife of Daśaratha. He was very pious and righteous, and was so much devoted to Rāma that when the latter prepared to go to the forest in accordance with the wicked demand of Kaikeyī, he was very much grieved to find that his own mother had sent his brother into exile, and refusing the sovereignty that was his own, ruled the kingdom in the name of Rāma (by bringing from him his two sandals and making them the 'regents' of the realm) till he returned after his fourteen years' exile. भरतो नाम कैकेय्यां जज्ञे सत्यपराक्रमः । साक्षाद्विष्णोश्चतुर्भागः सर्वैः समुदितो गुणैः ॥
Rām.*
 1.18.13.
N.
 of an ancient sage who is supposed to have been the founder of the science of music and dramaturgy.
An actor, a stage-player
तत्किमित्युदासते भरताः
Māl.
 1.
A hired soldier, mercenary.
A barbarian, mountaineer.
An epithet of Agni.
A weaver.
N.
 of the sage Jaḍabharata.
Comp.
 -अग्रजः 'the elder brother of Bharata', an epithet of Rāma
अस्त्येव मन्युर्भरताग्रजे मे
R.*
 14.73. -ऋषभः
N.
 of Viśvāmitra. ऋषभः, -शार्दूलः, -श्रेष्ठः the best or most distinguished of the descendants of Bharata. -खण़्डम्
N.
 of a part of India
भरतवर्षे भरतखण्डे जम्बुद्वीपे दण्डकारण्ये. -ज्ञ
a.
 knowing the science of Bharata or the dramatic science. -पुत्रः, -पुत्रकः an actor
a mime. -वर्षः 'the country of Bharata', i. e. India. -वाक्यम् the last verse or verses in a drama, a sort of benediction (said to be in honour of Bharata, the founder of the dramatic science)
तथापीदमस्तु भरत- वाक्यम् (occurring in every play)
cf.
 Nāg.5 (end.)-शास्त्रम्
=
 नाट्यशास्त्रम्.
Apte 1890
English
भरतः [भरं तनोति तण्-ड] 1 N. of the son of Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā, who became a universal monarch (चक्रवर्तिन्), India being called Bhāratavarṣa after him. He was one of the remote ancestors of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas
cf. Ś. 7. 33.
2 N. of a brother of Rāma, son of Kaikeyī, the youngest wife of Daśaratha. He was very pious and righteous, and was so much devoted to Rāma that when the latter prepared to go to the forest in accordance with the wicked demand of Kaikeyī, he was very much grieved to find that his own mother had sent his brother into exile, and refusing the sovereignty that was his own, ruled the kingdom in the name of Rāma (by bringing from him his two sandals and making them the ‘regents’ of the realm) till he returned after his fourteen years’ exile.
3 N. of an ancient sage who is supposed to have been the founder of the science of music and dramaturgy.
4 An actor, a stage-player
तत्क्रमित्मुदासते भरताः Māl. 1.
5 A hired soldier, mercenary.
6 A barbarian, mountaineer.
7 An epithet of Agni.
8 A weaver.
9 N. of the sage Jaḍabharata.
Comp.
अग्रजः ‘the elder brother of Bharata’, an epithet of Rāma
R. 14. 73.
ऋषभः,
शार्दूलः, श्रेष्ठः the best or most distinguished of the descendants of Bharata.
खंडं N. of a part of India.
ज्ञ a. knowing the science of Bharata or the dramatic science.
पुत्रकः an actor.
वर्षः ‘the country of Bharata’, i. e. India.
वाक्यं the last verse or verses in a drama, a sort of benediction (said to be in honour of Bharata, the founder of the dramatic science)
तथापीदमस्तु भरतवाक्य (occurring in every play).
Monier Williams Cologne
English
भरत॑
m.
 ‘to be or being maintained’,
N.
 of Agni (kept alive by the care of men),
RV.
Br.
Kauś.
of a partic. Agni (father of Bharata and Bharatī),
MBh.
a priest (= ऋत्विज्),
Naigh.
 iii, 18
an actor, dancer, tumbler,
Yājñ.
Mālatīm.
Prab.
a weaver,
L.
a hireling, mercenary,
L.
a barbarian, mountaineer (= शबर),
L.
the fire in which the rice for Brāhmans is boiled,
L.
N.
 of Rudra (the Maruts are called his sons),
RV.
 ii, 36, 8
of an Āditya,
Nir.
 viii, 13
of a son of Agni Bharata,
MBh.
of a celebrated hero and monarch of India (son of Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā, the first of 12 Cakra-vartins or Sārvabhaumas i.e. universal emperors),
RV.
Br.
MBh.
&c.
of a son of Dhruvasaṃdhi and father of Asita,
R.
of a son of Daśaratha and Kaikeyī (and younger brother of Rāma, to whom he was very much devoted),
MBh.
R.
&c.
of a son of Ṛṣabha,
Pur.
of a son of Vītihotra,
VP.
of a Manu (who gave the name to the country Bhārata), ib.
of a son of Manu Bhautya,
MārkP.
of a king of Aśmaka,
Vās.
 , Introd.
of various teachers and authors (esp. of an ancient Muni supposed author of a manual of the dramatic art called Nāṭya-śāstra or Bharata-śāstra)
=
 Jaḍabharata (q.v.),
A.
=
 Bharata-mallīka (below)
pl.
 ‘the descendants of Bharata’,
N.
 of a tribe,
RV.
&c.
&c.
भरत॑
n.
pl.
N.
 of a partic. Varṣa,
L.
Monier Williams 1872
English
भरत, अस्, आ, अम्, to be supported, being sup-
ported
(अस्), m. an epithet of Agni who is supposed
to be maintained or kept alive by the care of men
(Ved.)
N. of a particular Agni, (he has a son Bha-
rata and a daughter Bharatī, cf. भरथ)
a hired
soldier, warrior, (perhaps in particular) the charioteer
of a prince, (hence perhaps the Maruts are called
sons of Bharata, i. e. of ‘the warrior’ Rudra)
a
(‘hired’) bard, poet, actor, dancer, mime [cf. भ-
रत-पुत्रक]
a weaver
(according to Naighaṇ-
ṭuka III. 18) = ऋत्व्-इज्
N. of an Āditya
N. of a
celebrated hero and monarch of all India, (he was
the first of a series of twelve Cakra-vartins or Sārva-
bhaumas, i. e. universal emperors
as son of Duḥ-
ṣanta or Dushyanta and Śakuntalā, he has the
patronymic Dauḥṣanti or Dauṣyanti, also read
दौष्मन्ति, दौष्वन्ति, &c.
in Ṛg-veda III.
53, 24, the sons of Bharata are regarded as descend-
ants of Viśvā-mitra)
N. of a son of Dhruva-sandhi,
father of Asita
of a son of Daśa-ratha and younger
brother of Rāma
of a son of Ṛṣabha
of a son of
Vīti-hotra
an epithet of a Manu who gave the
name to the country Bhārata (Viṣṇu-Purāṇa II. 1)
N. of a son of Manu Bhautya
of a king of Aśmaka
of an ancient Muni (the celebrated author of the
Gandharva-veda or Alaṅkāra-śāstra, treating of dra-
matic composition
the term is also applied to his
work, which appears to have been a body of Sūtras
or rules relating to every branch of dramatic writing
and theatrical exhibition
although said to be lost,
it is constantly quoted by the commentators on the
Nāṭakas or Indian dramas)
a barbarian, moun-
taineer, savage, = क्षेत्र
(आस्), m. pl., N. of a
tribe, ‘the descendants of Bharata
’ (आनि), n. pl., N.
of a particular Varṣa
[cf. भारत।]
—भरत-
खण्ड, अम्, n., N. of a part of Bharata-varṣa
(= कुमारिका).
—भरत-ज्ञ, अस्, m. ‘knowing
the science of Bharata, ’ conversant with dramatic
writings and rules.
—भरत-त्व, अम्, n. the name
‘Bharata.’
—भरत-द्वादशाह (°श-अह), अम्,
n., N. of a particular festival.
—भरत-पुत्रक,
अस्, m. ‘son of Bharata, ’ an actor, a mime.
—भ-
रत-पुर, अम्, n., N. of a town (mentioned in
the Bharaṭaka-dvātriṃśikā).
—भरत-प्रसू, ऊस्,
f. ‘the mother of Bharata, ’ an epithet of Kaikeyī
(wife of Daśa-ratha).
—भरत-मल्ल, अस्, m., N.
of a grammarian.
—भरत-मल्लिक, अस्, m. =
भरत-सेन, q. v.
—भरत-रोह, अस्, m., N. of
a man.
—भरतर्षभ (°त-ऋ°), अस्, m. ‘bull-
like descendant of Bharata, ’ the best or most dis-
tinguished of the Bharatas
a prince of the Bharatas.
—भरत-वर्ष, अम्, n. ‘the country of Bha-
rata’ (supposed to have been the first monarch of all
India, cf. भरत, col. 2), a N. of India (= भा-
रत).
—भरत-वाक्य, अम्, n. ‘the speech of
Bharata, ’ N. of the seventy-seventh chapter of the
Uttara-kāṇḍa or seventh book of the Rāmāyaṇa
N. of the eighty-third chapter of the Pātāla-khaṇḍa
or fourth part of the Padma-Purāṇa.
—भरत-
शार्दूल, अस्, m. ‘tiger-like descendant of Bharata, ’
the most distinguished or excellent of the Bharatas.
—भरत-श्रेष्ठ, अस्, आ, अम्, or भरत-सत्-
तम, अस्, आ, अम्, ‘best of the Bharatas, ’ the most
distinguished of the descendants of Bharata.
—भ-
रत-सेन, अस्, m., N. of an author of commentaries
on the Megha-dūta, Raghu-vaṃśa, Śiśupāla-vadha,
and Bhaṭṭi-kāvya.
—भरत-स्वामिन्, ई, m., N. of
a commentator on the Vedas
of an astronomer.
—भरताग्रज (°त-अग्°), अस्, m. ‘the elder bro-
ther of Bharata, ’ an epithet of Rāma.
—भरता-
वास (°त-आव्°), अस्, m. ‘abode of Bharata, ’ N. of the
twenty-ninth chapter of the Pātāla-khaṇḍa or fourth
part of the Padma-Purāṇa.
—भरताश्रम (°त-
आश्°), अस्, m. ‘the hermitage of Bharata, ’ N. of a
hermitage.
—भरतेश्वर-तीर्थ (°त-ईश्°), अम्, n.,
N. of a Tīrtha.
Macdonell
English
भरत bhar-atá,
m.
 [to be maintained], N. 🞄of a certain Agni who is kept alive by the 🞄care of men (V.)
a certain Agni with a son 🞄of the same name (E.)
actor
N. of various 🞄princes and men
N. of a tribe, the descendants 🞄of Bharata (pl. )
N. of a manual of the 🞄histrionic art composed by a certain Bharata: 🞄-ṛṣabha,
m.
 ep. of Viśvāmitra
-khaṇḍa, 🞄n. N. of a division of Bhārata-varṣa
-putra, 🞄m. son of Bharata, actor
-pura,
n.
 N. of a 🞄city
-roha,
m.
 N.: -ka,
m.
 id.
-ṛṣabha, 🞄m. noblest among the Bharatas, ep. of various 🞄men
-śārdūla,
m.
 tiger among —, -śreṣṭha -sattama, spv. best of the Bharatas, id.
🞄-sena,
m.
 N. of a commentator on the Meghadūta, 🞄Raghuvaṃśa, Śisupālavadha, and 🞄Bhaṭṭikāvya.
Benfey
English
भरत भरत, i. e. भरन्त्, ptcple.
pres. of भृ, + अ (cf. Śāk. d. 192),
m.
1. The name of several princes, and of
a sage, the inventor of dramatic com-
position, Vikr. d. 36
Utt. Rāmac.
111, 4.
2. pl. The descendants of
Bharata, Chr. 3, 1.
3. An actor, a mime.
Hindi
Hindi
भरत
Apte Hindi
Hindi
भरतः
पुं*
 - "भरं तनोति, तन्+ड"
शकुन्तला और दुष्यन्त का पुत्र जो चक्रवर्ती राजा था। इसीके नाम पर इस देश का नाम भारतवर्ष है। यह कौरव और पांडवों का दूरवर्ती पूर्वपुरुष था
भरतः
पुं*
 - -
दशरथ की सबसे छोटी पत्नी कैकेयी का बेटा
भरतः
पुं*
 - -
एक प्राचीन मुनि का नाम जो नाट्यकला तथा संगीतविद्या के प्रवर्तक माने जाते हैं
भरतः
पुं*
 - -
अभिनेता रंगमंच पर अभिनय करने वाला पात्र
भरतः
पुं*
 - -
"भाड़े का सैनिक, केवल धन के लिए काम करने वाला नौकर"
भरतः
पुं*
 - -
"जंगली, पहाड़ी"
भरतः
पुं*
 - -
अग्नि का विशेषण
Shabdartha Kaustubha
Kannada
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ದುಷ್ಯಂತನಿಗೆ ಶಕುಂತಲೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಜನಿಸಿದ ಮಗ ಭರತಕುಮಾರ/ಭರತಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ
विस्तारः - > ಇವನಿಗೆ ಸರ್ವದಮನನೆಂದೂ ಹೆಸರು. ಇವನು ವಿದರ್ಭರಾಜನ ಮೂವರು ಕನ್ಯೆಯರನ್ನು ವಿವಾಹ ಮಾಡಿಕೊಂಡು ಅವರಲ್ಲಿ ಮಕ್ಕಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆದನು.
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ದಶರಥನಿಗೆ ಕೈಕೇಯಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಜನಿಸಿದ ಒಬ್ಬ ಪುತ್ರ/ಶ್ರೀರಾಮನ ತಮ್ಮ
प्रयोगाः - > "भरताय नमोऽस्तु तस्मै प्रथोदाहरणाय भक्तिभाजाम्। यदुयज्ञशेषतः पृथिव्याम्प्रथितो राघवपादुकाप्रभावः"
उल्लेखाः - > पादु० स०
विस्तारः - > ಇವನು ಕುಶಧ್ವಜನ ಮಗಳಾದ ಮಾಂಡವಿಯನ್ನು ಮದುವೆಯಾಗಿದ್ದನು.
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಜಡಭರತ/ಋಷಭದೇವನ ಜ್ಯೇಷ್ಠ ಪುತ್ರ
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಋತ್ವಿಕ್ಕು/ಯಾಗದ ಪುರೋಹಿತ
विस्तारः - > "याजका भरता यज्ञलिहः" वैज०
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ನಾಟ್ಯಾಚಾರ್ಯರಾದ ಭರತಮುನಿ/ನಾಟ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರವನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿದ ಒಬ್ಬ ಮುನಿ
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಶೈಲೂಷ/ನಟ
निष्पत्तिः - > भृञ् (भरणे) "अतच्" (उ० ३-११०), "अण्" (४-२-५९) अणो लुक् (४-२-६४)
व्युत्पत्तिः - > भरतेन प्रोक्तं नाट्यशास्त्रमधीते
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಒಂದು ವಾದ್ಯ
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ನೇಯಿಗೆಯವನು
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಭಾರತ ವರ್ಷ
प्रयोगाः - > "भरतो ज्येष्ठः श्रेष्ठगुण आसीद्येनेदं वर्षं भारतमिति व्यपदिशन्ति"
उल्लेखाः - > भाग० ५-४-९
विस्तारः - > ಋಷಭದೇವನ ಜ್ಯೇಷ್ಠಪುತ್ರನಾದ ಜಡಭರತನು ಈ ದೇಶವನ್ನು ಆಳಿದ್ದರಿಂದ ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ಭಾರತವರ್ಷವೆಂದು ಹೆಸರಾಯಿತು
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಶಬರ/ಕಿರಾತ
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ
भरत
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಸಂಚರ/ಮಾರ್ಗ
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L R Vaidya
English
Barata {% m. %} 1. Name of the son of Dushyanta by Śakuntalā
(See App. II.)
2. name of an ancient sage, who is said to have founded the science of music and dramaturgy
3. name of one of the brothers of Rāma
(See App. II.)
4. an actor, a stage-player, कविर्निसर्गसौहृदेन भरतेषु स्वकृतिमेवंप्रायगुणभूयसीमस्माकमर्पितवान् M.M.i.
5. a hired soldier
6. a barbarian, a mountaineer.
Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum
English
भरत shortened from Bharatamallīka Oxf. 125^b.
भरत
Karmavipāka.
भरत younger brother of Rāmacandra:
C. on Rāmacandra's Samarasāra.
C. on Rāmacandra's Samarasārasaṃgraha.
भरत
Kāvyaprakāśakārikāvyākhyā.
Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid
English
Bharata,
(1) n. of a cakravartin
perh. the one wellknown in Skt., perh. = Bharata 7 of DPPN, or one of the others of that name (5 ?) in DPPN: Mvy 〔3581〕
(2) app. n. of the father of Śyāmaka: RP 〔22.1〕.
Lanman
English
bharatá, a. to be supported or maintained
esp. to be kept alive by the care
of men, as epithet of the god Agni
as m.
Bharata, name of a patriarchal hero.
[√bhṛ, 1176e.]
Sanskrit Tibetan
Tibetan
rgyas byed
१) भरत २) भारत ३) स्फो+ृ+नो नागराजा
अभिधानचिन्तामणिः
Sanskrit
--source--
शैलूषो भरतः सर्वकेशी भरतपुत्रकः ।
धात्रीपुत्रो रङ्गाजायाजीवो रङ्गावतारकः ॥ ३२८ ॥
नटः कृशाश्वी शैलाली चारणस्तु कुशीलवः ।
-wordlist-
शैलूष (पुं), भरत (पुं), सर्वकेशिन् (पुं), भरतपुत्रक (पुं), धात्रीपुत्र (पुं), रङ्गाजीव (पुं), जायाजीव (पुं), रङ्गावतारक (पुं), नट (पुं), कृशाश्विन् (पुं), शैलालिन् (पुं), चारण (पुं), कुशीलव (पुं)
--source--
आर्षभिर्भरतस्तत्र सगरस्तु सुमित्रभूः ।
-wordlist-
आर्षभि (पुं), भरत (पुं), सगर (पुं), सुमित्रभू (पुं)
--source--
दौष्यन्तिर्भरतः सर्वंदमः शकुन्तलात्मजः ।
-wordlist-
दौष्यन्ति (पुं), भरत (पुं), सर्वन्दम (पुं), शकुन्तलात्मज (पुं)
--source--
भरतान्यैरावतानि विदेहाश्च कुरून्विना ।
वर्षाणि कर्मभूम्यः स्युः शेषाणि फलभूमयः ॥ ९४६ ॥
-wordlist-
कर्मभूमि (स्त्री), भरत (क्लीब), ऐरावत (क्लीब), विदेह (पुंब), फलभूमि (स्त्री)
अभिधानरत्नमाला
Sanskrit
शैलालिन्
शैलालिन्, शैलूष, कुशीलव, चारण, कृशाश्विन्, जायाजीव, भरत, नट
शैलाली शैलूषः कुशीलवश्चारणः कृशाश्वी च ।
जायाजीवो भरतो नटस्तथा स्यान्नटी क्षुद्रा ॥ ५९२ ॥
verse 2.1.1.592
page 0067
Mahabharata
English
Bharata^1 (Daushmanti). § 3 (Anukram.): I, 1, 46 (his race is descended from Sahasrajyotis).--§ 5 (do.): I, 1, 220 bis (has died).--§ 11 (Parvas.): I, 2, 371 (son of Dushmanta and Śakuntalā
the Bhārata race is named after him).-§ 133 (Dushyanta): I, 69 (called Sarvadamana
became a cakravartin sārvabhauma), 2814.--§ 135 (Śakunt.): I, 74, 3106 (etymology), 3118, 3122, 3123 (Bharatād Bhāratī kīrttir), 3124 (ºsyānvavāye hi), 3126 (ºsya vaṃśaṃ).--§ 150 (Pūruv.): I, 94, 3709 (Dushyantād Bhºo jajñe).--§ 151 (do.): I, 94, 3710. With his three wives Bharata begat altogether nine sons, with whom he was not pleased, as they were not like him
their mothers therefore became angry and slew them (ninyur Yamakshayaṃ). Bharata then, performing great sacrifices, obtained from Bharadvāja a son named Bhumanyu, who became his heir-apparent
3712.-§ 153 (Saṃvaraṇa): I, 94, 3736 (pl.? ºādhyushitaṃ pūrvaṃ …purottamaṃ).--§ 155 (do.): I, 94, 3752 (ºsyānvaye). --§ 156 (do.): I, 95, ††3782 (son of Dushyanta and Śakuntalā), ††3785 (ºtvaṃ
married Kāśeyī Sārvasenī Sunandā, who bore him Bhumanyu).--§ 171 (Vicitravīryasutotp.): I, 105, 4226 (ºvaṃśasya).--§ 177 (Pāṇḍudigvijaya): I, 113, 4461.--§ 202 (Droṇa): I, 131, 5156 (ºānvaye).--§ 241 (Vidurāgamanap.): I, 202, 7432.--§ 253 (Haraṇāharaṇap.): I, 221, 7969 (ºānvaye).--§ 267 (Yama-sabhā-v.): II, 8, 322 (in the palace of Yama).--§ 274 (Rājasūyārambhap.): II, 15, 649.--§ 377 (Dhaumya-tīrthak.): III, 90, 8379 (rājā cakravartī
performed 35 horse-sacrifices on the Yamunā). --§ 413 (Tīrthay.): III, 135, 10692 (Kardamilaṃ… Bharatasyābhishecanaṃ).--§ 516 (Duryodhanayajña): III, 257, 15329.--§ 562 (Bhagavadyānap.): V, 90, 3146.-§ 595 (Shoḍaś.): VII, 68: When a child in the forest Bh. D. (Śākuntalaḥ, v. 2387) bound the lions and checked the tigers, etc., whence he was called Sarvadamana, and his mother forbade him to torture animals. He performed 100 horse-sacrifices on the banks of the Sarasvatī, and 400 on the banks of the Gaṅgā
then once more 1, 000 horse-sacrifices and 100 Rājasūyas, etc., etc.
he gave 10, 000 billions of kine of the purest gold to Kaṇva. The gods with Indra and brahmans set up his sacrificial stake (of gold, 100 vyāmas in width). To brahmans he gave horses, elephants, etc.
2377 (Daushmantaṃ--B. Daushyantiṃ--Bharataṃ), 2387 (Śākuntalaḥ).--§ 632b (Shoḍaśarājika
) cf. § 595, Bharata): XII, 29, 938 (Daushmantiṃ Śākuntalaṃ), 940 (Daushmantiḥ), 941, 942.--§ 656 (Khaḍgotpattik.): XII, 166, 6195 (Daushmantiḥ).--§ 721 (Viśvāmitrop.): XIII, 4, 201 (Bhºsyānvaye).--§ 746 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 76, 3690 (cakravartī).--§ 761 (do.): XIII, 115, 5666, 5669.--§ 770 (do.): XIII, 151, 7128 (triloke viśrutaṃ vīraṃ Bharatañ ca prakīrttayet | gavāmayena yajñena yeneshṭaṃ vai Kṛte yuge | Rantidevaṃ mahādevaṃ kīrttayet paramadyutiṃ).--§ 775 (do.): XIII, 166, 7676 (cakravartī).--§ 778 (Aśvamedhik.): XIV, 3, 50 (Daushmantiḥ Śākuntalaḥ).--§ 795 (Svargārohaṇap.): XVIII, 3, 107.
Bharata^2 (Dāśarathi). § 525 (Rāmop.): III, 274, 15878, 15879 (son of Daśaratha and Kaikeyī, and uterine brother of Rāma Dāśarathi).--§ 527 (do.): III, 277 (invested as yuvarāja, when Rāma was exiled), 15970, 15975.--§ 543 (Rāmarājyābhisheka): III, 295 (Rāma saw Bh. at Nandigrāma, and has the kingdom made over to him by Bh.), 16591, 16592, 16593, 16594, 16595.
Bharata^3 (two or more Fires). § 490 (Āngirasa): III, 219, 14135, 14136, 14137 (paurṇamāsyeshu sarveshu havishājyaṃ srucodyataṃ | Bharato nāmatah so 'gnir dvitīyaḥ Śaṃyutaḥ sutaḥ | tisraḥ kanyā bhavanty anyā yāsāṃ sa Bharataḥ patiḥ | Bharatas tu sutas tasya Bharaty ekā ca putrikā | Bharato Bharatasyāgneḥ pāvakas tu Prajāpateḥ | mahān atyartham ahitas tathā Bharatasattama)
221, 14176, 14177 (gurubhir niyamair jāto Bharato nāma pāvakaḥ | agniḥ Pushṭimatir nāma tushṭaḥ pushṭiṃ prayacchati | bharaty esha prajāḥ sarvās tato Bharata ucyate).--§ 493 (do.): III, 222, 14213 (dahan mṛtāni bhūtāni tasyāgnir Bharato 'bhavat
v. Bhara).
Bharata^4 (pl. ºāḥ) (“descendants of Bharata, or the people and race named Bh.”): I, 367 (katheyaṃ…Bhaºānāṃ mahātmanāṃ), 2308 (ºānāṃ mahaj janma), 2320 (do.), 2321 (= do.)
3126 (ºānāṃ svastyayanaṃ), 4270 (the royal house of Hāstinapura), 5160
II, 2396 (principally the Duryodhanista), 2560, 2650 (principally the Duryodhanists), 2690 (ºānāṃ striyaḥ, i.e. those of the Duryodhanists), 2695 (ºānām abhūtaye, i.e. do.), 2700 (= do.)
III, 1114 (ºānām abhūtaye, principally the Duryodhanists), †1361 (those who were assembled in the hall of Dhṛtarāshṭra), †10245 (ºpradhānān, principally the Duryodhanists), 15155 (ºānāṃ kulodvaha = Duryodhana), 17474 (Pāṇḍavān)
IV, 912 (Śāntanavo Bhīshmo Bharatānāṃ pitāmahaḥ), 913, 1838 (principally the Duryodhanists), 2035 (ºānāṃ pitāmahaḥ Bhīshmo)
V, 2105 (principally the Duryodhanists), 2914 (ºstriyaḥ), 2966 (principally the Duryodhanists), 3399 (i.e. Pāṇḍavāḥ), 4211, 5651 (i.e. the Duryodhanists)
VI, 37 (ºānāṃ pitāmahaḥ, i.e. Vyāsa), 497 (Bhīshmo…Bharatānāṃ pitāmahaḥ), 1972 (ºānāṃ pitāmahaḥ = Bhīshma), 5687, 5736
VII, †59 (i.e. the Duryodh.), 76 (ºstriyaḥ, i.e. of the Duryodh.), 308 (ºstriyaḥ), 1023 (i.e. the Duryodh.), 1240 (do.), 3123
VIII, 738 (ºkshayaḥ), 1252 (i.e. Pāṇḍavāḥ), †1971 (i.e. Pāṇḍavāḥ), 2866 (ºkshayaḥ)
IX, 122 (the Duryodh.). 1664 (= do., ºkshaye)
X, 681 (ºānāṃ pitāmahaḥ, i.e. Vyāsa)
XI, 270 (ºstriyaḥ), 440 (id.), 479 (ºyoshitaḥ), 680 (ºkshayaṃ), 751 (ºstriyaḥ)
XII, 1 (id.), 1588 (ºānāṃ pitāmahaḥ, i.e. Bhīshma), 1930 (ºānāṃ pitāmahaṃ, i.e. Bhīshma)
XIII, 7729, 7768 (ºānāṃ kulodvahaḥ, i.e. Bhīshma), 7778 (ºstrībhir)
XIV, 1505 (Subhadrādyāḥ ºānāṃ striyaḥ), 1549, 2010 (ºstriyaḥ), 2036 (id.), 2038 (ºsiṃhānāṃ)
XVII, 46 (ºsattamāḥ, i.e. Pāṇḍavāḥ).
पुराणम्
English
भरत १ / BHARATA I. Son of duṣyanta born of śakuntalā.1) Genealogy. Descending in order from viṣṇu - BrahmāAtri-candra-budha-purūravas-āyus-nahuṣa-YayātiPūru-janamejaya-Prācinvā-Pravira-namasyu-vītabhaya-śuṇḍu-bahuvidha-saṁyāti-rahovādī-raudrāśva-matināra-santurodha-duṣyanta-bharata.2) Birth. duṣyanta was once hunting in the forests when he hit a fawn with his arrow. The fawn fled to the āśrama of kaṇva muni and the king followed it. On reaching the āśrama grounds he saw śakuntalā watering the plants helped by her companions Anasūya and priyaṁvadā. duṣyanta and śakuntalā fell in love with each other at first sight. kaṇva was absent from the āśrama and they married according to the gāndharva rites and śakuntalā became pregnant soon. The king gave her his signet ring as a sign of faith and left for his palace. When duṣyanta left her śakuntalā fell into a deep reverie and she never knew about the arrival of the arrogant sage, durvāsas to the āśrama. durvāsas mistook her as disrespectful and cursed her saying that she would be forgotten by the man of whom she was thinking then. śakuntalā never knew about the curse also.
kaṇva muni when he returned to the āśrama and knew everything, sent śakuntalā to the palace of duṣyanta. But King duṣyanta never recognised her and when śakuntalā was returning deeply grieved menakā her mother, took her and left her in the āśrama of kaśyapa. There śakuntalā delivered a son. The boy grew brave and fearless and he could subdue even the wildest of animals around there. kaśyapa, therefore, named him sarvadamana.
Once when duṣyanta was returning home after visiting indra he saw śakuntalā, recognised her, and took her and the boy to his palace. This was the boy who later on became known as bharata. (Chapter 73, Ādi Parva, M.B.).3) marriage and reign. bharata was a partial incarnation of Mahāviṣṇu. Even while he was young he became a ruler and conquering the world destroyed the wicked. bharata had three wives. All the sons born to them were bad and so the mothers killed them all. Aggrieved over the loss of his sons he worshipped the devas to get a son for him. At that time the great preceptor bṛhaspati forcibly married mamatā the wife of his brother. mamatā was pregnant then and when she conceived from bṛhaspati also she bore two children. On delivery she threw the child of bṛhaspati in the forests and went away with the other son.
The devas took care of the discarded child and named him bharadvāja and gave the child to bharata. bharata gave the boy the name vitatha (dīrghatamas). bharata ruled over his land for twentyseven thousand years and the land was, therefore, called bhārata. (Śloka 96, Chapter 2, Ādi Parva, M.B.).
After ruling the land ideally he left for the forests entrusting the land to his son, vitatha. (Navama skandha, bhāgavata).
vitatha also was called bharata and he had five sons: suhotra, Suhota, gaya, garbha and suketu. (Chapter 278, agni purāṇa).
भरत २ / BHARATA II. Son of daśaratha.1) Genealogy. Descending in order from viṣṇu-BrahmāMarīci-kaśyapa-vivasvān-Vaivasvatamanu-IkṣvākuVikukṣi-śaśāda-kakutstha-anenas-pṛthulāśva-prasenajit-yuvanāśva-māndhātā-purukutsa-TrasadasyuAnaraṇya-haryaśva-vasumanas-sudhanvā-TrayyāruṇaSatyavrta-(triśaṅku)-hariścandra-rohitāśva-HaritaCuñcu-sudeva-bharuka-bāhuka-sagara-AsamañjasAṁśumān-bhagīratha-śrutanābha-sindhudvīpa-ayutāyus-ṛtuparṇa-sarvakāma-sudās-mitrasaha (kalmāṣapāda)-aśmaka-mūlaka-khaṭvāṅga (dilīpa, dīrghabāhu)-raghu-aja-daśaratha-bharata.2) Birth. daśaratha, King of ayodhyā, had three wives: kausalyā, kaikeyī and sumitrā. kausalyā gave birth to śrī rāma, kaikeyī to bharata and sumitrā to lakṣmaṇa and śatrughna. kaikeyī, mother of bharata, was the sister of yudhājit, rājā of Kekeya. bharata was born on the day of Pūya. (Śloka 14, sarga 18, vālmīki rāmāyaṇa)
daśaratha remained in sorrow without children for a very long time and then he performed a Putrakāmeṣṭi yāga (A sacrificial ceremony to get children) with the Maharṣi ṛṣyaśṛṅga as the officiating priest. From the sacred fire arose a divine figure carrying a pot of pudding and it was after taking that pudding that the wives of daśaratha became pregnant. (sarga 15, Bālakāṇḍa, vālmīki rāmāyaṇa). 3) Till the end of Śrī Rāma's forest life. The sons of daśaratha married the daughters of janaka, King of mithilā. śrī rāma married sītā, bharata, māṇḍavī, lakṣmaṇa, ūrmilā and śatrughna, Śrutakīrtī.
daśaratha made arrangements to crown rāma as King and then leave for the forests and lead an ascetic life. At that time bharata and śatrughna were in the country of kekaya with their uncle, yudhājit. When the day of coronation was drawing near kaikeyī demanded of daśaratha the execution of two boons which were once promised by daśaratha to her long ago during a battle between the devas and asuras. One of them was to crown her son, bharata, as king and the other to send rāma to the forests for a period of fourteen years. daśaratha was shocked to hear that. But, without any hesitation, rāma and lakṣmaṇa accompanied by sītā went to the forests and daśaratha overcome with immense grief caused by this unpleasant turn of events fell down dead. Messengers were sent then to kekaya to bring bharata and after travelling for three days bharata and Śatrughṇa reached ayodhyā. Though they were not informed of the death of their father they were worried all the way because of the several bad omens which they saw. On entering ayodhyā they were shocked to find all the roads desolate and arriving at the palace they found it silent and gloomy. kaikeyī then told him all that had happened and when bharata knew that his mother was at the root of all this calamity his rage knew no bounds. Forgetting himself he drew from the sheath the glittering sword and stood before his mother with the drawn sword wavering to strike or not to strike and mused to himself “No, Not a woman and not one's own mother, No, it should not be done”. Immediately after this was decided, he swung the sword straight to his throat. But adroitly śatrughna intervened and swept away the sword before it fell at its aim. This strong move of śatrughna brought bharata to his senses and he looked at his mother so fiendishly that at his stare his mother turned pale like a flower brought near a burning flame. bharata immediately changed into the dress of a Sannyāsī and started to go to the forests. śatrughna followed his brother. vasiṣṭha also started. The news spread like wildfire and people began to crowd at the palace eager to follow the brothers. Very soon a huge procession was seen moving towards the forests. vasiṣṭha and arundhatī in a chariot in the front, kausalyā and sumitrā in another next to it and bharata and śatrughna closely following the chariots, walking. People joined the procession from behind. The great crowd of people reached the banks of the river gaṅgā. guha coming to know of the great exile of people from ayodhyā through spies went and saw bharata, at first in disguise, and later as himself made his acquaintance. He then took bharata and śatrughna across the river to the presence of Śri rāma at citrakūṭa.
When they reached citrakūṭa only bharata-śatrughna, vasiṣṭha and arundhatī, kausalyā and sumitrā entered the āśrama of śrī rāma, all the others remaining outside. When rāma and lakṣmaṇa were told about the death of their father they were filled with grief. All the sons, then, vasiṣṭha officiating, performed the obsequies of their father. rāma and bharata then discussed the future. śrī rāma persisted in his vow and said he would return to his country only after fourteen years and insisted that bharata should rule the country during that period. bharata accepted the arrangement saying that if his brother did not come back after fourteen years he would give up his life by jumping into the fire. śrī rāma then gave his sandals to bharata who accepting the same with due respect returned home followed by others. On reaching ayodhyā bharata did not go to the royal palace which he considered as empty because of the absence of his brother, rāma and abhorrent because of the presence of his mother, kaikeyī. Instead, he went to a nearby village called Nandi and installing the sandals there lived there and ruled the country.4) Return of śrī rāma. śrī rāma when he came back to ayodhyā after fourteen years was crowned King. bharata got two sons of his wife māṇḍavī, subāhu and śūrasena. While they were thus living happily in ayodhyā, message was sent through an ascetic by yudhājit from kekaya that some gandharvas were creating trouble in that country. It was the state of sindhu in kekaya which was subjected to this molestation and on the advice of rāma bharata went and subdued the trouble, killing the gandharvas. He then created two small states on either side of sindhu and made his two sons the Kings of those states. When śrī rāma gave up his life in sarayū river and rose to heaven as viṣṇu bharata and śatrughna also gave up their lives and took the forms of the conch and the wheel which adorn the hands of viṣṇu. (uttara rāmāyaṇa).
भरत ३ / BHARATA III. A son of ṛṣabha.1) Genealogy and birth. Descending in order from ViṣṇuBrahmā-Svāyambhuvamanu-priyavrata-AgnīdhraNābhi-ṛṣabha-bharata.
Emperor priyavrata partitioned his empire to his eight children. agnīdhra got Jambudvīpa. agnīdhra had nine sons: Nābhi, kimpuruṣa, harivarṣa, ilāvṛta, Ramya, Hiraṇvan, kuru bhadrāśva and ketumāla. On the death of the father Jambudvīpa was divided into nine states and Nābhi got the land called Hima. Nābhi married merudevī and got a son, ṛṣabha. ṛṣabha had a hundred sons and bharata was the eldest. (Chapter 1, Aṁśam 2, viṣṇu purāṇa).2) marriage, administration and entry into āśrama life. bharata took over the administration of the kingdom at the death of his father, ṛṣabha. He married pañcajanī daughter of viśvarūpa. They had five sons, sumati, Rāṣtrabhṛt, sudarśana, āvaraṇa and Dhūmraketu. The Pañcama skandha of bhāgavata contains a statement to the effect that india got the name bhārata from this king. (It is worthwhile remembering at this juncture a previous statement that the name bhārata was obtained from bharata, son of duṣyanta). bharata like his forefather was very erudite and affectionate and always respected his duties. He always meditated on brahmā and in his heart there shone the Paramapuruṣa in the figure of vāsudeva adorned with Srīvatsa, kaustubha, Vanamālā, Śaṁkha, cakra, gadā and padma. He ruled the country for a crore of years and after that dividing the country among his sons went to the āśrama of pulaha Maharṣi to spend the rest of his life there. On the rocks lying in the river flowing in front of the āśrama were the marks of cakra on one side and Nābhi on the other and the river therefore came to be known as Cakranābhi. Bathing in this river and doing pūjā bharata lived there oblivious of the world outside. (Pañcama skandha, bhāgavata).3) bharata and the deer. bharata led a purely ascetic life performing everyday the rites laid down by scriptures and muttering the mystic formula of Brahmākṣara. One day a thirsty pregnant deer went to drink water in a nearby pond. As it was drinking it heard the loud roar of a lion nearby. Frightened the poor animal without even waiting to quench its thirst ran into the forest and on its way delivered a child and the deer-babe fell into the river. The deer exhausted and tormented by fear ran into a cave and fell down dead. bharata happened to see the new-born deer floating on the river and took it to his āśrama. From then onwards Bharata's mind was diverted from the spiritual to the mundane effort of taking care of the young deer. The deer followed him wherever he went and if it did not turn up in time in the evening after grazing bharata went about in search of it weeping. Years went by and bharata became old and died with the name of the deer on his lips. (Pañcama skandha, bhāgavata).4) Rebirths of bharata. Because he died with the thought of the deer in his mind he was reborn as a deer. The deer was aware of his previous birth and regretted that he spent the life of a man for the sake of a deer. The deer, therefore, left the house of his mother in the mountain of Kālañjara and went to the āśrama of pulaha. The pious animal daily bathed in the river and died there on the bank of that river. So in its next life the deer was born as the son of a brahmin in the line of aṅgiras. That brahmin had two wives and got nine sons of his first wife and one of the second. The son born to the second wife was none other than bharata. In due course the brahmin died and his second wife jumped into the funeral pyre and ended her life. Thrown an orphan bharata became a puppet in the hands of his brothers. bharata was asked to look after the cattle and fields of his brothers for his living. With great forbearance bharata did all he was told.
One day bharata was keeping watch over the fields of his brothers. It was midnight. In the neighbourhood the Caṇḍālas were making merry over the birth of a child to one of the women. Some of them were bringing a man bound by ropes to be given as ‘Narabali’ to the goddess kālī. (Narabali is the offering of a human being with his head cut off to propitiate a deity). On the way the man escaped and the disappointed Caṇḍālas were roaming about in search of a substitute when they came across bharata keeping watch over the fields. Immediately he was bound by ropes and taken before the idol of kālī. The effulgence of the brahmin astounded kālī and getting angry for bringing such a pious brahmin for sacrifice she devoured the Caṇḍālas and allowed the brahmin to go free.
Escaping from there bharata reached a village walking all the way. That village was being ruled over by a king called rahūgaṇa and that king was going to see Bhagavān kapila Maharṣi along the banks of the river ikṣumatī in a palanquin. The palanquin had not enough bearers and so the brahmin was asked to join the team of bearers. As they were moving the palanquin shook because of the wrong steps kept by bharata. The king reprimanded bharata and bharata then gave the king fitting replies based on the ethics of vedānta. The erudition of bharata greatly impressed the king and he stepped down from the palanquin and bowed to bharata.
bharata went from there to the forests singing devotional songs in praise of viṣṇu and at last attained salvation. (Pañcama skandha, bhāgavata).
भरत ४ / BHARATA IV. A sage and the famous author of Nāṭyaśāstra. He was a critic who lived around the year 400 B.C. His book on Nāṭyaśāstra (Histrionics) is world famous. kālidāsa in the second act of his drama, Vikramorvaśīya states that this bharata used to coach the devas in the art of acting. Nāṭyaśāstra is a book comprising thirtyseven chapters dealing with the art of dance and music. He has written in detail about the four Alaṁkāras, Upamā, Dīpaka, rūpaka and yamaka and also about the ten requisites of a kāvya. He has not forgotten to write about the defects and demerits of kāvya also. Commentaries on Nāṭyaśāstra have been written by lions in the profession: Mitragupta, Harṣavardhana, Śaṅkuka, Udbhaṭa, bhaṭṭanāyaka and Abhinavagupta. Of these ‘Abhinavabhāratī’ the commentary written by Abhinavagupta is the only one freely available now.
भरत ५ / BHARATA V. The mahābhārata speaks about a few other Bharatas who were sons of agni. Śamyu is a son of agni known as bharata. This bharata has got another name, ūrjja. (Śloka 6, Chapter 219, Vana Parva, M.B.). There is an agni of name bharata with a son named bhārata. When this agni is propitiated one gets healthy and strong and so this agni is called Puṣṭimān also. (Śloka 7, Chapter 219, Vana Parva, M.B.). There is another bharata son of an agni called Adbhuta. It is this agni that burns dead bodies. As this agni lives permanently in agniṣṭoma Yajñas
it gets the name of Niyata also. (Śloka 6, Chapter 222, Vana Parva, M.B.).
Vedic Reference
English
Bharata is the name of a people of great importance in the
Rigveda and the later literature. In the Rigveda they appear
prominently in the third and seventh Maṇḍalas in connexion
with Sudās and the Tṛtsus, ^1 while in the sixth Maṇḍala they
are associated with Divodāsa.^2 In one passage^3 the Bharatas
are, like the Tṛtsus, enemies of the Pūrus: there can be little
doubt that Ludwig's view of the identity of the Bharatas and
and Tṛtsus is practically correct. More precisely Oldenberg^5
considers that the Tṛtsus are the Vasiṣṭhas, the family singers
of the Bharatas
while Geldner^6 recognizes, with perhaps more
probability, in the Tṛtsus the royal family of the Bharatas.
That the Tṛtsus and Bharatas were enemies, as Zimmer^7
holds, is most improbable even on geographical grounds, for the
Tṛtsus in Zimmer's view^8 occupied the country to the east of
the Paruṣṇī (Ravi), and the Bharatas must therefore be
regarded as coming against the Tṛtsus from the west, whereas
the Rigveda^9 recognizes two Bharata chiefs on the Sarasvatī,
Āpayā, and Dṛṣadvatī — that is, in the holy land of India, the
Madhyadeśa. Hillebrandt^10 sees in the connexion of the
Tṛtsus and the Bharatas a fusion of two tribes
but this is not
supported by any evidence beyond the fact that in his opinion
some such theory is needed to explain Divodāsa's appearing in
connexion with the Bharadvāja family, while Sudās, his son,
^4 Translation of the Rigveda, 3, 172
et seq.
or perhaps grandson (cf. Pijavana), is connected with the
Vasiṣṭhas and the Viśvāmitras.
In the later literature the Bharatas appear as especially
famous. The Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa^11 mentions Bharata Dauḥ-
ṣanti as a king, sacrificer of the Aśvamedha (‘horse sacrifice’)
and Śatānīka Sātrājita, as another Bharata who offered that
sacrifice. The Aitareya Brāhmaṇa^12 mentions Bharata Dauḥ-
ṣanti as receiving the kingly coronation from Dīrghatamas
Māmateya, and Śatānīka as being consecrated by Somaśuṣman
Vājaratnāyana, a priest whose name is of quite late origin.
The geographical position of the Bharata people is clearly
shown by the fact that the Bharata kings win victories over the
Kāśis, and make offerings on the Yamunā (Jumna) and Gaṅgā
(Ganges).^13 Moreover, in the formula of the king's proclama-
tion for the people, the variants recorded^14 include Kuravaḥ,
Pañcālāḥ, Kuru-Pañcālāḥ, and Bharatāḥ
and the Mahābhārata
consistently recognizes the royal family of the Kurus as a
Bharata family.^15 It is therefore extremely probable that
Oldenberg^16 is right in holding that the Bharatas in the times
of the Brāhmaṇas were merging in the Kuru-Pañcāla people.
The ritual practices of the Bharatas are repeatedly mentioned
in the Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, ^17 the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, ^18 the
Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, ^19 and the Taittirīya Āraṇyaka.^20 Already
in the Rigveda^21 there is mention made of Agni Bhārata (‘of
the Bharatas’). In the Āprī hymns^22 occurs a goddess
Bhāratī, the personified divine protective power of the
Bharatas: her association in the hymns with Sarasvatī reflects
the connexion of the Bharatas with the Sarasvatī in the
Rigveda.^9 Again, in the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa^23 Agni is
referred to as brāhmaṇa Bhārata, ‘priest of the Bharatas, ’ and
is invited to dispose of the offering Manuṣvat Bharatavat, ‘like
Manu, ’ ‘like Bharata.’^24
In one or two passages^25 Sudās or Divodāsa and, on the
other hand, Purukutsa or Trasadasyu appear in a friendly
relation. Possibly this points, as Oldenberg^26 suggests, to the
union of Bharatas and Pūrus with the Kurus.
A Bharata is referred to in the fifth Maṇḍala of the Rig-
veda:^27 who he was is uncertain.
1) iii. 53, 9. 12, 24
33, 11, 12 (Viśvā
mitra, who is accordingly hailed as
Bharata-ṛṣabha, ‘bull of the Bharatas, ’
in the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, vii. 17, 7)
vii. 8, 4
33, 6, in which passage a
defeat of the Bharatas, and their rescue
by the aid of Vasiṣṭha, is clearly referred
to
not, as was formerly thought (e.g.,
Muir, Sanskrit Texts, 12, 354
Zimmer,
Altindisches Leben, 127), a defeat of the
Bharatas by the Tṛtsus.
2) vi. 16, 4. 5. Cf. verse 19.
3) vii. 8, 4.
5) Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgen-
ländischen Gesellschaft, 42, 207. In
Buddha, 405 et seq., he accepted the
identification of Ludwig.
6) Vedische Studien, 2, 136 et seq.
7) Altindisches Leben, 127. This is also
Bloomfield's view (see Journal of the
American Oriental Society, 16, 41, 42).
8) Op. cit., 124.
9) iii. 23, 4: in verse 2 Devasravas
and Devavāta are mentioned as
Bhāratas, Oldenberg, Buddha, 410, n.,
mentions that in the Mahābhārata,
iii. 6065, a tributary of the Sarasvatī
is called Kauśikī, and the Kuśikas are,
of course, the family of Viśvāmitra,
whose connexion with the Bharatas is
beyond question.
10) Vedische Mythologie, 1, 111. His
view is that Sudās and the Bharatas
were later comers than the Tṛtsus, who
joined them as one people, the Vasiṣṭhas
becoming the priests of the Bharatas.
He suggests that the Vasiṣṭhas were
not originally adherents of the Indra-
Soma cult, but were specially devoted
to the Varuṇa cult
but there is
no decisive evidence for either sug-
gestion. Cf. Bloomfield, as cited in
n. 7.
11) xiii. 5, 4.
12) viii. 23 and 21.
13) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, xiii. 5, 4,
11. 21.
14) In the Taittirīya Saṃhitā, i. 8,
10, 2, and the Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa,
i. 7, 4, 2, the phrase is eṣa vo, Bharatā,
rājā
the Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, in the
Kāṇva recension, xi. 3, 3
6, 3, has Kura-
vaḥ, Pañcālāḥ (evidently as a joint people)
Āpastamba, xviii. 12, 7, gives Bharatāḥ,
Kuravaḥ, Pañcālāḥ, Kuru-Pañcālāḥ, and
janatāḥ, as alternatives, according to
the people to whom the king belongs
the Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā, xv. 7, and the
Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā, ii. 6, 7, read esa te
janate rājā. See Weber, Indian Litera-
ture, 114, n.
von Schroeder, Indiens
Literatur und Cultur, 465.
15) Oldenberg, Buddha, 409.
16) Op. cit., 408. He points out
(409, n.) that in the Satapatha Brāh-
maṇa, xiii. 5, 4, only the Kuru king.
Janamejaya, and the Bharata kings
are mentioned without specification of
the peoples over whom they ruled.
17) xiv. 3, 13
xv. 5, 24, and perhaps
xviii. 10, 8, on which see Weber,
Indische Studien, 10, 28, n. 2
below, p. 98.
18) ii. 25
iii. 18. The sense ‘mer-
cenary soldier, ’ here seen by the St.
Petersburg Dictionary, s.v. 2 (no longer
mentioned in the Dictionary of Böht-
lingk), cannot be accepted. See Weber,
Indische Studien, 9, 254
Oldenberg,
Buddha, 407, n. On the other hand,
there is no mention of the Bharatas in
the geographical lists of the Aitareya
Brāhmaṇa (viii. 14). in the Mānava
Dharma Śāstra, or in the Buddhist
texts. This means that the Bharatas
were no longer a people, but a family
or sub-tribe in a larger people.
19) v. 4, 4, 1.
20) i. 27, 2.
21) ii. 7, 1. 5
iv. 25, 4
vi. 16, 19
Taittirīya Saṃhitā, ii. 5, 9, 1
Śata-
patha Brāhmaṇa, i. 4, 2, 2. Roth thinks
this epithet of Agni perhaps means
‘warlike, ’ but this is unlikely.
22) Rv. i. 22, 10
142, 9
188, 8
ii. 1, 11
3, 8
iii. 4, 8, etc.
9) iii. 23, 4: in verse 2 Devasravas
and Devavāta are mentioned as
Bhāratas, Oldenberg, Buddha, 410, n.,
mentions that in the Mahābhārata,
iii. 6065, a tributary of the Sarasvatī
is called Kauśikī, and the Kuśikas are,
of course, the family of Viśvāmitra,
whose connexion with the Bharatas is
beyond question.
23) i. 4, 2, 2.
24) i. 5, 1, 7.
25) i. 112, 14
vii. 19, 8.
26) Op. cit., 410.
27) v. 54, 14.
For a later legend of Bharata,
cf. Leumann, Zeitschrift der Deutschen
Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 48, 80
et seq.
von Bradke, ibid., 498-503
and see Muir, Sanskrit Texts, 13, 338,
340, etc.
शब्दकल्पद्रुमः
Sanskrit
भरतः,
पुं,
 (बिभर्त्ति स्वाङ्गमिति । बिभर्त्ति लोका-निति वा । भृ + “भृमृदृशियजीति ।” उणा०३ । ११० । इति अतच् ।) नाट्यशास्त्रम् ।मुनिविशेषः । स तु अलङ्कारादिशास्त्रस्य सूत्र-कर्त्ता । (भरतस्य शिष्यः । तस्येदमित्यण् ।अणो लुक् ।) नटः । रामानुजः । दौष्मन्तिः ।इति मेदिनी । ते, १३७-३८ ॥
शवरः । तन्तु-वायः । इति विश्वः ॥
क्षेत्रम् । भरतात्मजः ।इति हेमचन्द्रः ॥
दुष्मन्तराजपुत्त्रभरतस्यपर्य्यायः । शाकुन्तलेयः २ दौष्मन्तिः ३ सर्व्व-दमनः ४ । इति त्रिकाण्डशेषः ॥
यस्त्रयस्त्रिंश-च्छतमश्वमेधं कृतवान् । पञ्चाशद्राजसूयं एव-मन्यान् नानाविधान् यज्ञानकरोत् । सप्तविंशति-सहस्रवत्सरानेकच्छत्रं राज्यं कृतवान् । तस्योत्-पत्त्यादिर्यथा, --“दुष्मन्तो मृगयां यातः कण्वाश्रमपदं गतः ।तत्रासीनां स्वप्रभया मण्डयन्तीं रमामिव ॥
विलोक्य सद्यो मुमुहे देवमायामिव स्त्रियम् ।बभाषे तां वरारोहां भटैः कतिपयैर्वृतः ॥
तद्दर्शनप्रमुदितः संनिवृत्तपरिश्रमः ।पप्रच्छ कामसन्तप्तः प्रहसन् श्लक्ष्णया गिरा ॥
का त्वं कमलपत्राक्षि ! कस्यासि हृदयङ्गमे ! ।किं स्विच्चिकीर्षितं त्वत्र भवत्या निर्ज्जनेवने ॥
व्यक्तं राजन्यतनयां वेद्म्यहं त्वां सुमध्यमे ! ।न हि चेतः पौरवाणामधर्म्मे रमते क्वचित् ॥
श्रीशकुन्तलोवाच ।विश्वामित्रात्मजैवाहं त्यक्ता मेनकया वने ।वेदैतद्भगवान् कण्वो वीर ! किं करवाम ते ॥
आस्यतां ह्यरविन्दाक्ष ! गृह्यतामर्हणञ्च नः ।भुज्यन्तां सन्ति नीवारा उष्यतां यदि रोचते ॥
श्रीदुष्मन्त उवाच ।उपपन्नमिदं सुभ्रु ! जातायाः कुशिकान्वये ।स्वयं हि वृणुते राज्ञां कन्यका सदृशं वरम् ॥
ओमित्युक्ते यथाधर्म्ममुपयेमे शकुन्तलाम् ।गान्धर्व्वविधिना राजा देशकालविधानवित् ॥
अमोघवीर्य्यो राजर्षिर्महिष्यां वीर्य्यमादधे ।श्वोभूते स्वपुरं यातः कालेनासूत सा सुतम् ॥
कण्वः कुमारस्य वने चक्रे समुचिताः क्रियाः ।बद्धा मृगेन्द्रं तरसा क्रीडति स्म स बालकः ॥
तं दुरत्ययविक्रान्तमादाय प्रमदोत्तमा ।हरेरंशांशसम्भूतं भर्त्तुरन्तिकमागमत् ॥
यदा न जगृहे राजा भार्य्यापुत्त्रावनिन्दितौ ।शृण्वतां सर्व्वभूतानां खे वागाहाशरीरिणी ॥
माता भस्त्रा पितुः पुत्त्रो येन जातः स एव सः ।भरस्व पुत्त्रं दुष्मन्त ! मावमंस्थाः शकुन्तलाम् ॥
रेतोधाः पुत्त्रो नयति नरदेव ! यमक्षयात् ।त्वञ्चास्य धाता गर्भस्य सत्यमाह शकुन्तला ॥
पितर्य्युपरते सोऽपि चक्रवर्क्ती महायशाः ।महिमा गीयते तस्य हरेरं शभुवो भुवि ॥
चक्रं दक्षिणहस्तेऽस्य पद्मकोषोऽस्य पादयोः ।ईजे महाभिषेकेण सोऽभिषिक्तोऽधिराड्विभुः ॥
पञ्चपञ्चाशता मेध्यैर्गङ्गायामनु वाजिभिः ।मामतेयं पुरोधाय यमुनामनु च प्रभुः ॥
अष्टसप्ततिमेध्याश्वान् बबन्ध प्रददद्वसु ।भरतस्य हि दौष्मन्तेरग्निः साचीगुणे चितः ॥
सहस्रं बद्धशो यस्मिन् ब्राह्मणा गा विभेजिरे ।त्रयस्त्रिंशच्छतं ह्यश्वान् बद्ध्वा विस्मापयन् नृपान् ॥
दौष्मन्तिरत्यगान्मायां देवानां गुरुमाययौ ।मृगान् शुक्लदतः कृष्णान् हिरण्येन परीवृतान् ॥
अदात् कर्म्मणि मष्णारे नियुतानि चतुर्द्दश ।भरतस्य महत् कर्म्म न पूर्व्वे नापरे नृपाः ॥
नैवापूर्णैव प्राप्स्यन्ति बाहुभ्यां त्रिदिवं यथा ।किरातहूनान् यवनान् पौण्ड्रान् कङ्कान्खशाञ्छकान् ॥
अब्रह्मण्यनृपांश्चाहन् म्लेच्छान् दिग्विजयेऽखिलान् ।जित्वा पुरासुरा देवान् ये रसौकांसि भेजिरे ॥
देवस्त्रियो रसां नीताः प्राणिभिः पुनराहरत् ।सर्व्वान् कामान् दुदुहतुः प्रजानां तस्य रोदसी ॥
समास्त्रिनवसाहस्रीर्दिक्षु चक्रमवर्त्तयत् ।स सम्राट् लोकपालाख्यमैश्वर्य्यमधिराट्श्रियम् ॥
चक्रञ्चाख्खलितं प्राणान्मृषेत्युपरराम ह ।तस्यासन् नृप ! वैदर्भ्यः पत्न्यस्तिस्रः सुसम्मताः ॥
जघ्नुस्त्यागभयात् पुत्त्रान्नानुरूपा इतीरिते ॥
”इति श्रीभागवते ९ स्कन्धे १० अध्यायः ॥
* ॥
ऋषभदेवात् इन्द्रदत्तजयन्त्यां कन्यायां जातशत-पुत्त्रान्तर्गतज्येष्ठपुत्त्रः । यथा । “अथ ह भगवान्ऋषभदेवः स्वं वर्षं कर्म्मक्षेत्रमनुमन्यमानः प्रद-र्शितगुरुकुलवासो लब्धवरैर्गुरुभिरनुज्ञातो गृह-मेधिनां धर्म्माननुशिक्ष्यमाणो जयन्त्यामिन्द्र-दत्तायामुभयविधं कर्म्म समाम्नायमभियुञ्जन्नात्म-जानामात्मसमानानां शतं जनयामास । येषांखलु महायोगी भरतो ज्येष्ठः श्रेष्ठगुण आसीत्येनेदं वर्षं भारतमिति व्यपदिशन्ति ।” इतिश्रीभागवते ५ स्कन्धे ४ अध्यायः ॥
* ॥
पावक-पुत्त्रः । यथा, --“पावनो लौकिको ह्यग्निः प्रथमो ब्रह्मणः स्मृतः ।ब्रह्मौदनाग्निस्तत्पुत्त्रो भरतो नाम विश्रुतः ॥
”इति मात्स्ये अग्निवंशो नाम ४८ अध्यायः ॥
रामानुजभरतस्य जन्म यथा, --“भरतो नाम कैकेय्यां जज्ञे सत्यपराक्रमः ।साक्षाद्विष्णोश्चतुर्भागः सर्व्वैः समुदितो गुणैः ॥
”तस्यानुगतः शत्रुघ्नः । यथा, --“भरतस्यापि शत्रुघ्नो लक्ष्मणावरजो हि सः ।प्राणैः प्रियतरो नित्यं तस्य चासीत्तथा प्रियः ॥
”स कुशध्वजकन्यां माण्डवीं परिणीतवान् । यथा, “भ्राता यवीयान् धर्म्मज्ञ एष राजा कुशध्वजः ।अस्य धर्म्मात्मनो राजन् ! रूपेणाप्रतिमं भुवि ॥
सुताद्बयं नरश्रेष्ठ ! पत्न्यर्थं वरयामहे ।तमेवमुक्त्वा जनको भरतञ्चाभ्यभाषत ॥
गृहाण पाणिं माण्डव्याः पाणिना रघुनन्दन ! ॥
”स नन्दिग्रामे राज्यं कृतवान् । यथा, --“सबल्कलजटाधारी मुनिवेशधरः प्रभुः ।नन्दिग्रामेऽवसद्धीरः ससैन्यो भरतस्तदा ॥
सबालव्यजनं छत्रं धारयामास स स्वयम् ।भरतः शासनं सर्व्वं पादुकाभ्यां निवेदयन् ॥
ततस्तु भरतः श्रीमानभिषिच्यार्य्यपादुके ।तदधीनस्तदा राज्यं कारयामास सर्व्वदा ॥
”इति रामायणे बालकाण्डे । १८ । ७२ । ७३अध्यायाः । अयोध्याकाण्डे २४ अध्यायश्च ॥
तस्य द्वौ पुत्त्रौ । यथा, --“भरतस्यात्मजौ वीरौ तक्षः पुष्कल एव च ।मातुलेन सुगुप्तौ तु धर्म्मेण सुसमाहितौ ॥
भरतञ्चाग्रतः कृत्वा कुमारौ सबलानुगौ ।निहत्य गन्धर्व्वसुतान् द्वे पुरे विभजिष्यतः ॥
”इति रामायणे उत्तरकाण्डे १०१ अध्यायः ॥
वाचस्पत्यम्
Sanskrit
भरत
पु०
 भरं तनोति तन--ड । (जडभरत) इति ख्याते१ मुनिभेदे जडभरतकथा च ३०१५ पृ० दृश्या नाट्यशास्त्रस्यअलङ्कारशास्त्रस्य च २ कर्त्तरि मुनिभेदे ३ शवरे ४ तन्तुवाये५ क्षेत्रे ६ केकयीसुते रामानुजे च । भरतेन प्रोक्तम् भारतंनाट्यशास्त्रमधीयते अण् तस्य लुक् । ७ तच्छ स्त्राध्येतृषुब० व० । ८ दुष्मन्तेन शकुन्तलायामुत्पादिते पुत्रभेद
पु०
 तस्याप-त्यानि इञ् तस्य बहुषु लुक् । ९ भरतवंश्ये नृपे
पु०
 ब० व० ।दौष्मन्तिभरतकथा भाग० ९ । १० अ० दृश्या १० ऋषभदेवपुत्रभेदेभाग०५ । ४ अ० । ११ वह्निपुत्रभेदे “पावनो लौकिको ह्यग्निःप्रथमो ब्रह्मणः सुतः । ब्रह्मौदनाग्निस्तत्पुत्रो भरतो नामविश्रुतः” मात्स्ये ४८ अ० । रामानुजभरतस्य जन्म यथा“भरतो नाम कैकय्यां जज्ञे सत्यपराक्रमः । साक्षा-द्विष्णोश्चतुर्भागः सर्वैः समुदितो गुणैः” । १२ भौत्यमनुपुत्रभेदेमार्कपु० १०० अ० । १३ आयुधजीविसंधभेदे
पु०
 ततः यौधेया०स्वार्थे अण् । भारत तदर्ये ब० व० । १४ ऋत्विक्षु ब० व०निघण्टुः ।
Capeller
German
भरत॑
m.
 Bein. Agni's (eig. Pflegling),
Mannsn. , bes. eines alten Stammeshelden
Schauspieler
Pl. N. eines Stammes.
f.
 आ u. ई Frauennamen.
Grassman
German
bharatá, a., m. [von bhṛ], der zu pflegen ist. 1〉 Bezeichnung des Agni
2〉 des Rudra
3〉 Eigenname des Stammvaters eines berühmten Geschlechtes
und 4〉 im plur. Nachkommen des Bharata.
-ás {457, 4} (īḍe, ījé).
-ám 1〉 ūrjás putrám {96, 3}.
-ā́ya 3〉 {408, 14} yūyám árvantam 〰 vā́jam ‥ dhatta.
-asya 2〉 〰 sūnavas (marutas) {227, 2}.
-ásya 3〉 putrā́s {287, 24}. — agnís 〰 śṛṇve {524, 4}.
-ā́s 4〉 {267, 11}. _{267, 12}
{549, 6}.
-ébhias [D.] 4〉 {365, 1}.
Burnouf
French
भरत भरत
m.
 (भृ au ppr.
sfx. अ) barde,
poète
comédien, acteur, mime
art théâtral
traité de
cet art attribué à un
poète antique nommé Bharata.
Qqf. tisserand.
Qqf. montagnard, barbare.
Np. d'un Muni
du
frère cadet de Rāma
et du fils de Śakuntalā.
भरतपुत्रक
m.
 comédien, mime.
भरतर्षभ
m.
 (ऋषभ) le meilleur des Bharatas.
भरतवर्ष
n.
 l'Inde.
Stchoupak
French
भरत-
m.
 acteur, danseur, mime
n.
 d'un héros légendaire, fils de
Duṣyanta et de Śakuntalā, qui devint empereur de l'Inde
frère de Rāma
qui, en l'absence de ce dernier, administra en son nom le royaume
auteur
présumé du Nāṭyaśāstra
n.
 de divers personnages dont un Agni particulier
et son fils
pl.
 descendants de Bh.
-त्व- nt. fait de s'appeler Bh.
°पुत्र-
m.
 acteur.
°रोह-
m.
n.
 d'un homme.
°र्षभ- °शार्दूल- °श्रेष्ठ-
m.
 le plus illustre des Bh.
°वर्ष- nt. empire de Bh., Inde.
°वाक्य- nt. stance finale d'un drame, sorte de bénédiction adressée
aux personnages du drame ou aux auditeurs.
भरताग्रज-
m.
 frère aîné de Bh., Rāma.