पुर् (pur)
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Capeller Eng
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Apte
Englishपुर् [pur], 6 (पुरति) To go before, precede.
पुर् [pur], (Nom. पूः
पूर्भ्याम्)
A town, fortified town
पूरण्यभिव्यक्तमुखप्रसादा 16.23.
A fortress, castle, strong-hold.
A wall, rampart.
The body
पुरश्चक्रे द्विपदः पुरश्चक्रे चतुष्पदः Bṛi. 2.5.18.
Intellect. -द्वार् , -द्वारम् (पूर्द्वार्) the gate of a city.
Apte 1890
EnglishMonier Williams Cologne
EnglishMonier Williams 1872
Englishपुर् 1. पुर् (fr. rt. पॄ), only in inst. pl.
पूर्भिस्, Ved. in abundance, abundantly
(Sāy.) =
पूर्वकैः स्तवैः, with former praises.
पुर् 2. पुर् (probably an artificial rt.
invented to furnish an etymology for पुरस्
and पुरा below), cl. 6. P. पुरति, पुरितुम्, to
precede, go before, go at the head, lead.
पुर् 3. पुर्, ऊर्, f. (probably fr. rt. पॄ), a
rampart, wall
a stronghold, castle, fortress, fortified
city, town
the body (considered as the stronghold of
the पुरुष, q. v.)
intellect (= महत्)
N. of a
Daśa-rātra (Ved.).
—पुरञ्-जन, अस्, m. the living
principle, life, the soul (personified as a king)
(ई), f.
understanding, intelligence (personified as the wife
of a king).
—पुरञ्-जय, अस्, m. ‘city-conqueror, ’
N. of a hero on the side of the Kurus
of a son of
Sṛñjaya and father of Janam-ejaya
of a son of
Bhajamāna and Sṛñjarī
(= ककुत्-स्थ) N. of a
son of Śaśāda
= काकुत्स्थ
N. of a son of
Vindhya-śakti
of Medhāvin
of an elephant, the son
of Airāvaṇa.
—पुरन्-द, अस्, m. = पुरन्-दर।
—पुरन्-दर, अस्, m. ‘town-splitter’ or ‘fortress-
destroyer, ’ an epithet of Indra (as breaking cities into
fragments with his thunderbolt?)
the Indra of the
seventh Manv-antara
an epithet of Agni
of Śiva
a thief, house-breaker
(आ), f. an epithet of Gaṅgā
(अम्), n. a species of pepper, Piper Chaba.
—पु-
रन्दर-चाप, अस्, m. Indra's bow, the rainbow.
—पुरन्दर-पुरी, f., N. of a town in Mālava.
—पुरि-शय, अस्, आ, अम् (a word formed to explain
पुरुष), reposing in the fortress or fastness (i. e. the
body).
—पुरो-हन्, आ, घ्नी, अ (fr. पुरस्, acc. pl. of 3.
पुर् + हन्), Ved. breaking castles, destroying strong-
holds.
—पूर्-द्वार्, र्, f. or पूर्-द्वार, अम्, n. the
gate of a city.
—पूर्-पति, इस्, m., Ved. the lord of
a castle or city.
—पूर्-भिद्, त्, त्, त्, Ved. breaking
down strongholds or castles.
—पूर्-भिद्य, अम्, n.,
Ved. the breaking of strongholds or castles
(Sāy.)
= सङ्ग्राम, war.
—पूर्-याण, अस्, आ, अम्, Ved.
leading or conducting to the fastness (i. e. to the
celestial world).
Macdonell
EnglishBenfey
EnglishApte Hindi
Hindiपुर्
- पृ + क्वित्
"नगर, शहर जिसके चारो ओर सुरक्षादीवार हो"
पुर्
- पृ + क्वित्
"दुर्ग, किला, गढ़"
पुर्
- पृ + क्वित्
"दीवार, दुर्गप्राचीर"
पुर्
- पृ + क्वित्
शरीर
पुर्
- पृ + क्वित्
बुद्धि
L R Vaidya
EnglishBopp
LatinLanman
EnglishKridanta Forms
Sanskritपुर् (पु꣡रँ꣡ अग्रगमने - तुदादिः - सेट्)
ल्युट् = पोरणम्
अनीयर् = पोरणीयः - पोरणीया
ण्वुल् = पोरकः - पोरिका
तुमुँन् = पोरितुम्
तव्य = पोरितव्यः - पोरितव्या
तृच् = पोरिता - पोरित्री
क्त्वा = पोरित्वा / पुरित्वा
ल्यप् = प्रपूर्य
क्तवतुँ = पुरितवान् - पुरितवती
क्त = पुरितः - पुरिता
शतृँ = पुरन् - पुरन्ती / पुरती
धातुपाठः (Krishnacharya)
Sanskrit पुर्
पुर
अग्रगमने
तुदादिः
अकर्मकः
सेट्
परस्मैपदी
पुरति
Schmidt Nachtrage zum Sanskrit Worterbuch
GermanSanskrit Tibetan
Tibetangrong khyer
१) गृह २) नगर ३) पत्तन ४) पुर् ५) पुर ६) मन्दिर
अभिधानचिन्तामणिः
Sanskritनगरी पूः पुरी द्रङ्गः पत्तनं पुटभेदनम् ॥ ९७१ ॥
निवेशनमधिष्ठानं स्थानीयं निगमोऽपि च ।
नगरी (स्त्री), पुर् (स्त्री), पुरी (त्रि), द्रङ्ग (पुं), पत्तन (क्ली), पुटभेदन (क्ली), निवेशन (क्ली), अधिष्ठान (क्ली), स्थानीय (क्ली), निगम (पुं)
अभिधानरत्नमाला
Sanskritपत्तन
पत्तन, अधिष्ठान, निगम, पुटभेदन, नगर, नगरी, द्रङ्ग, स्थानीय, पुर्, पुरी, पुर
पत्तनं स्यादधिष्ठानं निगमः पुटभेदनम् ।
नगरं नगरी द्रङ्गः स्थानीयं पूः पुरी पुरम् ॥ २८५ ॥
verse 2.1.1.285
page 0034
नाममाला
Sanskritपुर्, पुरी, नगर, पट्टन, पुटभेदन
पूः पुरी नगरं चैव पट्टनं पुटभेदनम् ॥ ९७ ॥
verse 0.1.1.97
page 0049
Vedic Reference
EnglishPur is a word of frequent occurrence in the Rigveda^1 and
later, ^2 meaning ‘rampart, ’ ‘fort, ’ or ‘stronghold.’ Such fortifi-
cations must have been occasionally of considerable size, as
one is called ‘broad’ (pṛthvī) and ‘wide’ (urvī).^3 Elsewhere^4
a fort ‘made of stone’ (aśmamayī) is mentioned. Sometimes
strongholds ‘of iron’ (āyasī) are referred to, ^5 but these are
probably only metaphorical. A fort ‘full of kine’ (gomatī) is
mentioned, ^6 showing that strongholds were used to hold cattle.
‘Autumnal’ (śāradī) forts are named, apparently as belonging
to the Dāsas: this may refer to the forts in that season being
occupied against Āryan attacks or against inundations caused
by overflowing rivers. Forts ‘with a hundred walls’ (śata-
bhuji) are spoken of.^7
It would probably be a mistake to regard these forts as
permanently occupied fortified places like the fortresses of the
mediæval barony. They were probably merely places of refuge
against attack, ramparts of hardened earth with palisades and
a ditch (cf. Dehī). Pischel and Geldner, ^8 however, think that
there were towns with wooden walls and ditches (περίβολος and
τάφρος) like the Indian town of Pāṭaliputra known to Megas-
thenes^9 and the Pāli texts.^10 This is possible, but hardly
susceptible of proof, and it is not without significance that the
word Nagara is of late occurrence. On the whole it is hardly
likely that in early Vedic times city life was much developed.
In the Epic, according to Hopkins, ^11 there are found the
Nagara, ‘city’
Grāma, ‘village’
and Ghoṣa, ‘ranch.’ Vedic
literature hardly seems to go beyond the village, no doubt with
modifications in its later period.
The siege of forts is mentioned in the Saṃhitās and Brāh-
maṇas.^12 According to the Rigveda, ^13 fire was used.
1) i. 53, 7, 58, 8
131, 4
166, 8
iii. 15, 4
iv. 27, 1, etc.
2) Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, i. 7, 7, 5
Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, i. 23
ii. 11
Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, iii. 4, 4, 3
vi. 3,
3, 25
xi. 1, 1, 2, 3
Chāndogya
Upaniṣad, viii. 5, 3, etc.
3) i. 189, 2.
4) Rv. iv. 30, 20. Perhaps sun-dried
bricks are alluded to by āmā (lit. ‘raw, ’
‘unbaked’) in Rv. ii. 35, 6.
5) Rv. i. 58, 8
ii. 20, 8
iv. 27, 1.
vii. 3, 7
15, 4
95, 1
x. 101, 8. See
Muir, Sanskrit Texts, 2^2, 378 et seq.
6) Av. viii. 6, 23.
7) Rv. i. 166, 8
vii. 15, 14.
8) Vedische Studien, 1, xxii, xxiii, where
kṣiti dhruvā, i. 73, 4, is compared.
9) Strabo, p. 702
Arrian, Indica, 10.
10) Mahāparinibbānasutta, p. 12. Cf.
Rhys Davids, Buddhist India, 262.
11) Journal of the American Oriental
Society, 13, 77
174 et seq.
12) Taittirīya Saṃhitā, vi. 2, 3, 1
Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, i. 23
Śatapatha
Brāhmaṇa, iii. 4, 4, 3-5
Gopatha
Brāhmaṇa, ii. 2, 7, etc.
13) vii. 5, 3. Possibly, in some cases,
the palisade was no more than a hedge
of thorn or a row of stakes (cf. Rv.
x. 101, 8), as suggested by Zimmer,
Altindisches Leben, 143, 145
and cf.
Rv. viii. 53, 5, as corrected by Roth,
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen
Gesellschaft, 48, 109.
Cf. Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 142-
148, who compares the fact that neither
the Germans (Tacitus, Germania, 16)
nor the Slavs (Procopius, De bello Gotico,
iii. 14) lived in towns, but, like the
ancient Indians, were scattered in
villages, each consisting of the houses
and steadings of the several families
living in the village. The evidence
seems pretty convincing. It is true
that the Greeks, when we first find
them, evidently knew castles and for-
tresses of the mediæval type
but the
Greeks were clearly an invading race,
superimposed on an older and in
civilization more advanced people (see,
e.g., Burrows, Discoveries in Crete). But
the Pur may, as Zimmer allows, have
sometimes been built within the limits
of the village. Whether, as he urges
(144), the śāradī pur was a protection
against the floods of autumn is un-
certain. Cf. Rv. i. 131, 4
174, 2
vi. 20, 10. In particular, it is not
legitimate to connect the mention of
those forts with the fact that the Pūrus
lived on either side of the Sindhu
(Indus), and to assume that Purukutsa's
attack on the aborigines was directed
against the forts in which they normally
protected themselves on the rising of
the river. No argument for the large
size of cities can be drawn from the
mention in the Kāṭhaka Upaniṣad, v. 1,
of ekādaśa-dvāra as an epithet of Pura
(cf. Śvetāśvatara Upaniśad, iii. 18
nava-dvāra pura, ‘the citadel of nine
doors’), because it is used meta-
phorically of the body, and the number
of doors depends on the nature of the
body (Keith, Aitareya Āraṇyaka, 185).
The evidence of the Śatapatha Brāh-
maṇa, xi. 1, 1, 2, 3, seems rather to
point to only one gate in a city.
Cf. Schrader, Prehistoric Antiquities,
412
Muir, Sanskrit Texts, 5, 451
Weber, Indische Studien, 1, 229
Ludwig,
Translation of the Rigveda, 3, 203, and
Mahāpur.
Capeller
GermanGrassman
German1. √par, √pur, füllen [Cu. 〔366〕], vgl. prā. 1〉 etwas, jemand [A.] füllen, anfüllen mit [I., G.], auch 2〉 ohne diese letzten Casus in gleichem Sinne
3〉 me. sich womit [I., G.] füllen, anfüllen
4〉 jemandem [D.] etwas [A.] reichlich zufüllen, schenken, auch 5〉 ohne den einen oder andern Casus oder 6〉 ohne jeden Casus freigebig sein, reichlich spenden
7〉 Caus. einen Wunsch [A.] erfüllen.
Mit ā́ 1〉 etwas [A.] rāumlich erfüllen
2〉 etwas (mangelhaftes) [A.] ausfüllen, ergänzen
3〉 jemand, etwas [A.] womit [I.] füllen, reichlich versehen, auch 4〉 ohne Instr. in gleichem Sinne
5〉 einen Wunsch [A.] erfüllen
6〉 me. sich füllen, sich sättigen mit [I.]
7〉 jemandem [D.] wovon [G.] reichlich zufüllen, spenden.
úd bis oben an vollfüllen [A.].
úpa anfüllen [A.].
prá vollständig machen, ergänzen [A.].
Stamm I. pípṛ, stark pípar [siehe 2. par]:
-arti 2〉 havíṣā {46, 4} (pápuris).
-rati [3. pl.] 2〉 gárbham ṛtásya {489, 5} (ā́pas).
pipṛ, pipar:
-ṛtā́m [3. d.] 1〉 nas bhárīmabhis {22, 13} (dyā́vāpṛthivī́).
-artana 2〉 ṛtásya gárbham {156, 3}
4〉 nas sumatím {166, 6}. [Page776]
Impf. ápipṛ:
-rata [3. s. me.] ā́ 3〉 ā́ yás sómena jaṭháram 〰 {388, 2}.
Stamm II. pṛṇá, schwach pṛṇī:
-āsi 4〉 me ávyatyai {921, 5}. — ā́ 1〉 ródasī {673, 4}.
-ā́ti 2〉 me kukṣī́ {854, 2}. — 6〉 {125, 5}.
-āti ā́ 2〉 tád víśvam {828, 4} [AV. -ātu].
-ītas [3. d.] 5〉 jñātī́ cid sántau ná samám 〰 {943, 9}.
-ánti 1〉 samudrám udnā́ {439, 6} (aváṇayas). — 5〉 kavāríbhyas {933, 3}. — 6〉 {933, 4} (neben prá yáchanti). — ā́ 3〉 yám (índram) háribhis ná {922, 2}. — 4〉 tvā {1018, 3} (índavas)
sádma {508, 7} (sábhṛtayas)
yám samudrám ná {52, 4}.
-anti 1〉 tvā rā́dhasā {445, 7}. — 2〉 samānám ūrvám {226, 3} (nadías)
kukṣī́ me {912, 14}. — 6〉 {933, 3}. — ā́ 1〉 4〉 tuā́m gíras síndhum iva‿avánīs {365, 5}.
-ā́t [Co.] 5〉 me {221, 7} (neben dádat).
-āt 6〉 {488, 15} (neben stavat, yajāte).
-īyā́t [Opt.] 5〉 nā́dhamānāya {943, 5}.
-ītám ā́ 7〉 jánāya udnás diviásya {581, 4}.
-ītá 4〉 bheṣajám tanúe {23, 21}
{835, 7} (āpas).
-ītana prá yajñám {359, 5}.
Impf. apṛṇā:
-ās ā́ 1〉 ródasī {529, 2}
{240, 2}.
-āt ā́ 1〉 ródasī {314, 5}
{871, 6}
{881, 3}.
Stamm III. pṛṇá [wie von einem erweiterten pṛṇ]:
-áti 2〉 īm (índram) {270, 6} (sómas).
-ati ā́ 5〉 tā́ sūrís 〰 tū́tujānas (índras) {470, 5}
{478, 5}.
-a ā́ 1〉 ródasī {753, 5}. — 4〉 jātā́ {621, 18}. — 5〉 kā́mam {16, 9}
{57, 5}
{264, 19}
{486, 21}
{644, 6}
{673, 6}.
-aíthe [2. d.] ā́ 3〉 ā́ yád krátvā ná śarádas 〰 {577, 2}.
-ata (-atā) 1〉 sómebhis índram {205, 10}
{464, 9}
{205, 11} (ū́rdaram ná yávena).
-ethām [2. d. Co. me.] 1〉 jaṭháram sómasya {510, 7}.
-asva ā́ 2〉 yajñéna táviṣīs {482, 4}.
-atām [3. s.] ā́ 6〉 ánnais {284, 1}.
-ádhvam ā́ 4〉 vakṣáṇās {267, 12}.
-adhvam 3〉 sómais {553, 1}. — ā́ 3〉 vakṣáṇās yajñéna {162, 5}. — úpa (āsícam) {532, 11}.
Impf. apṛṇa:
-as ā́ 1〉 bhúvanāni, ródasī {237, 10}.
-at ā́ 1〉 ródasī {206, 2}
{236, 7}
{268, 1}
{213, 2} (majmánā).
Stamm IV. pur, vor Cons. pūr:
-ūrdhi 1〉 (mā) yávasya kāśínā {687, 10}. — 5〉 cákṣus {899, 11}. — 6〉 {42, 9} (neben śagdhí, prá yaṃsi).
-ūrdhi 1〉 nas vā́riasya {540, 6}. — 2〉 rāyás {36, 12}
{704, 4}.
Perf. pupūr:
-riās [Opt.] úd (dárvī) {360, 9}.
Aor. pāriṣ:
-ṣat 1〉 (ródasī) krátubhis {100, 14}.
Aor. Caus. pīpara:
-at 7〉 kā́mam {211, 4}. [Page777]
Aor. Caus. pūpura:
-antu ā́ 5〉 kā́mam {578, 3}.
Part. pṛṇát [v. Stamm II. oder III.]:
-án 5〉 máyas {548, 8}. — 6〉 āpís {943, 7}. — ā 1〉 urú {349, 2}.
-ántam 5〉 suvī́riam {948, 4}. — 6〉 {125, 4} (neben pápurim)
{943, 4}.
-até 6〉 {469, 2} (neben yájvane)
{548, 8}
{948, 4}.
-atás [Ab.] 6〉 rayís 〰 ná‿úpa dasyati {943, 1}.
-atás [G.] 6〉 〰 ná dákṣiṇā {168, 7}.
-ántas 2〉 te kukṣī́ {202, 11}. — 6〉 {125, 7}. — ā 1〉 antárikṣā {591, 3}.
-atás [A. pl.] 6〉 {124, 10}.
-ántī ā́ 2〉 pitáros upásthā {124, 5}.
pū́ryamāṇa, [v. Stamme pū́rya]:
-am 3〉 tvā (índram) {51, 10}.
Part. II. pūrṇá:
-ás 1〉 āhavás mádhvas {938, 6}.
-ám [m.] 2〉 kóśam {868, 2}
rátham {182, 2}.
-ám [n.] 2〉 pā́tram {82, 4}
sáras {619, 7}
udáram {687, 7}
ámatram {855, 7}
ū́dhar {926, 11}.
-ā́ [du.] 1〉 gábhastī vásunā {553, 3}.
-ā́s 4〉 (vas) sutā́sas {333, 2}.
-ā́ [n.] 1〉 padā́ni mádhunā {154, 4}.
-ā́ [f.] 2〉 naús {413, 2}.
-ā́m 2〉 āsícam {228, 1}
{532, 11}.
-áyā 2〉 niyútā {135, 7}.
pūrṇa:
-as ā́ 4〉 kaláśas {266, 15}
aṃśús {786, 2}.
Part. II. pūrtá [siehe für sich].
Inf. pṛṇádhi [v. Stamm II. oder III.]:
-yai 2〉 jaṭháram {508, 7}.
Verbale púr (als Substantiv s. d.).
2. púr, f. (im Nom. s. und vor konsonantischen Endungen pū́r, pūr), fester Platz, Burg, ursprünglich der (im Falle der Gefahr mit Menschen und Gütern) gefüllte Platz [von pur] [Cu. 〔374〕], mit den Beiwörtern urvī́ {189, 2}
śatábhujis {531, 14}
{166, 8}
gómatī {626, 23}
dṛḍhā́ {373, 2}
dṛṃhitā́ {51, 11}
{615, 5}
ā́yasī {531, 14}
{611, 1}
{709, 8}
{323, 1}
{211, 8}
{927, 8}
{58, 8}
{519, 7}
aśmanmáyī {326, 20} u. s. w. Insbesondere wird 2〉 ein Gott (Indra, Agni) als der Frommen Burg bezeichnet
dagegen werden 3〉 die den Regen zurückhaltenden Wolken als der Dämonen Burgen aufgefasst, die von den Göttern, namentlich von Indra, selten von Agni ({457, 39}
{521, 3}) oder Brihaspati ({514, 2}) zu zertrümmern sind, daher púras dā́sīs ({103, 3}
{328, 10}), dāsápatnīs ({246, 4}), oder es wird der Name des Dämons im Gen. hinzugefügt (s. u.)
gewöhnlich werden ihrer 99 ({54, 6}
{210, 6}
{332, 3}
{535, 5}
{615, 5}
{702, 2}
{773, 1}. _{773, 2}), seltener 90 ({130, 7}
{246, 6}) oder 100 ({53, 8}
{326, 20}
{760, 2}) gezählt.
-ū́r {568, 1} (siāma). — 2〉 {189, 2}
{611, 1}
{689, 7}.
-ū́r (zweisilbig) 2〉 {531, 14}.
-úram {626, 23}
{652, 5}
{149, 3} (náarminīm)
{709, 8}. — 2〉 {373, 2}
{913, 22}
{678, 8}. — 3〉 {53, 7}
{682, 18}
{893, 5} (ápācīm)
śúṣṇasya {621, 28}.
-urā́ [I.] 3〉 {53, 7}.
-urí {443, 7}
{819, 10}.
-úras [N. pl.] {323, 1} śatám mā 〰 ā́yasīs arakṣan
{395, 12} ā́pas 〰 ná śubhrā́s.
-úras [A. pl.] {63, 7}
{174, 8}
{249, 4}
{534, 13}
{927, 8}. — 3〉 {33, 13}
{63, 2}
{103, 3} = {328, 10}
{130, 7}
{131, 4} = {174, 2} [Page824] = {461, 10} (śā́radīs)
{211, 8}
{246, 6}
{312, 13}
{457, 39}
{459, 5}
{473, 3}
{514, 2}
{521, 3}
{535, 5}
{537, 4}
{542, 3}
{621, 8}
{653, 7}
{702, 2}
{706, 14}
{760, 2}
{773, 2}
{915, 7}
{925, 7}. _{925, 11}
pípros {51, 5}
{461, 7}
śúṣṇasya {51, 11}
{326, 13}
váṅgṛdasya {53, 8}
śámbarasya {103, 8}
{205, 6}
{210, 6}
{322, 3}
{615, 5}
{472, 4}.
-ūrbhís stets in Verbindung mit Verben des Schützens, z. B. {519, 7} śatám 〰 ā́yasībhis ní pāhi
{166, 8}
{489, 8}
{532, 10}.
-ūrbhís (dreisilbig) {58, 8}.
-urā́m 3〉 darmā́nam {61, 5}
darmás {279, 2}
dartnúm {461, 3}
dartā {707, 6}
bhindús {11, 4}
cyautnā́ya {459, 8}
śatám {326, 20}.
-urām 3〉 dartar {130, 10}.
-uráām 3〉 bhettā́ {637, 14}
darmā́nam {872, 5}.
-ūrṣú āmā́su {226, 6} (von den Wolken aus denen Agni hervorgeht).
Burnouf
FrenchNo entries for this word is found.
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