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पुरोहित (purohita)

 
शब्दसागरः
English
पुरोहित Adj.
1. Placed in front.
2. Charged.
m.
(-तः) The purohita
or family priest, conducting all the ceremonials and sacrifices
of a house or family.
E.
पुरस् first, and हित् held, revered.
Capeller Eng
English
पुरो॑हित
a.
set before, commissioned, appointed
m.
an
appointed priest,
esp.
house-priest of a prince.
Yates
English
पुरो-हित (तः) 1.
m.
A family priest.
Spoken Sanskrit
English
पुरोहित - purohita -
m.
- priest
भरत - bharata -
m.
- nameofapriest
कर्तृ - kartR -
adj.
- priest
अर्चक - arcaka -
m.
- priest
गुरु - guru -
m.
- priest
पुरूहित - purUhita -
m.
- priest
विप्र - vipra -
m.
- priest
ब्रह्म - brahma -
m.
- priest
ऋत्विज् - Rtvij -
m.
- priest
ऋत्विक् - Rtvik -
m.
- priest
अविष्ठु - aviSThu -
m.
- priest
आसुतीवल - AsutIvala -
m.
- priest
ऋक्षर - RkSara -
m.
- priest
दीक्षक - dIkSaka -
m.
- priest
देव - deva -
m.
- priest
भरत - bharata -
m.
- priest
मन्त्रज्ञ - mantrajJa -
m.
- priest
यजत - yajata -
m.
- priest
यज्ञलिह् - yajJalih -
m.
- priest
सञ्चक्षस् - saJcakSas -
m.
- priest
पुरोहित - purohita -
m.
- priest
पुरोहित - purohita -
adj.
- charged
पुरोहित - purohita -
adj.
- commissioned
पुरोहित - purohita -
adj.
- appointed
पुरोहित - purohita -
adj.
- placed foremost or in front
पुरोहित - purohita -
m.
- spiritual adviser
पुरोहित - purohita -
m.
- family priest
पुरोहित - purohita -
m.
- domestic chaplain
पुरोहित - purohita -
m.
- agent
पुरोहित - purohita -
m.
- one holding a charge or commission
Wilson
English
पुरोहित
m.
(-तः) The Purohita or family priest, conducting all
the ceremonials and sacrifices of a house or family.
E.
पुरस्, first, and हित held, revered.
Apte
English
पुरोहित [purōhita], p. p.
Placed in front.
Appointed, charged, entrusted.
तः One charged with a business, an agent.
A family-priest, one who conducts all the ceremonial rites of the family. मन्त्रिपुरोहितसखः (राजा)
......... अमात्यानुपधाभिः शौचयेत् Kau.
A.
1.1
पुरोहितो हितो वेदस्मृतिज्ञः सत्यवाक् शुचिः Kavikalpalatā.
Apte 1890
English
पुरोहित p. p. 1 Placed in front.
2 Appointed, charged, entrusted.
तः 1 One charged with a business, an agent.
2 A family-priest, one who conducts all the ceremonial rites of the family.
Monier Williams Cologne
English
पुरो॑—हित (पुरो-),
mfn.
placed foremost or in front, charged, commissioned, appointed
पुरो॑—हित
m.
one holding a charge or commission, an agent
(esp. ) a family priest, a domestic chaplain,
RV.
&c.
&c.
(RTL. 352
&c.
)
Macdonell
English
पुरोहित puró-hita, pp. set before or in 🞄charge, appointed (esp. to priestly functions)
🞄m. commissioned person, agent
sp. appointed 🞄priest, domestic chaplain of a prince: -tva, 🞄[Page166-1] 🞄n. office of a Purohita
(ó)-hiti,
f.
priestly 🞄service.
Benfey
English
पुरोहित पुरोहित, see धा with
पुरस्।
Hindi
Hindi
पुजारी
Apte Hindi
Hindi
पुरोहित
वि* पुरस्-हित -
सामने रक्खा हुआ
पुरोहित
वि* पुरस्-हित -
"नियुक्त, दूत, आयुक्त"
पुरोहितः
पुं*
पुरस्-हितः -
"कार्यभार संभालने वाला, अभिकर्ता, दूत"
पुरोहितः
पुं*
पुरस्-हितः -
"कुलपुरोहित, जो कुल में होने वाले सभी कर्मकाण्ड या संस्कारों का संचालन करता है"
Shabdartha Kaustubha
Kannada
पुरोहित
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ದೇವತಾಕಾರ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮುಂದೆ ನಿಂತು ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡಿಸುವವನು
निष्पत्तिः - > डुधाञ् (धारणपोषणयोः) - "क्तः" (३-२-१०२)
व्युत्पत्तिः - > पुरो धीयते स्म
प्रयोगाः - > "इत्थं विधिज्ञेन पुरोहितेन प्रयुक्तपाणिग्रहणोपचारौ"
उल्लेखाः - > कुमा० ७-८६
L R Vaidya
English
purohita {% (I) a. %} 1. placed in front
2. charged, commissioned.
purohita {% (II) m. %} a family-priest who conducts all the ceremonials of the family.
Bopp
Latin
पुरोहित m. (antepositus ex पुरस् et हित) id.
Indian Epigraphical Glossary
English
Purohita (CII 4
SII 1
BL
ASLV
HD), a priest
a
family priest
the royal priest
occurs in the list of functionaries
in records like those of the Gāhaḍavālas (Ep. Ind., Vol. IX, p.
305) and Senas (ibid., Vol. XII, p. 9). See Hist. Dharm., Vol.
III, pp. 111-12, 117.
Lanman
English
puró-hita, ppl. set before or in charge
(esp. of priestly service)
as m. priest,
house-priest of a prince. [see puras with
dhā.]
Sanskrit Tibetan
Tibetan
nye phan
पुरोहित
अभिधानचिन्तामणिः
Sanskrit
--source--
महामात्राः प्रधानानि पुरोधास्तु पुरोहितः ७२०
सौवस्तिकोऽथ द्वारस्थः क्षत्ता स्याद्द्वारपालकः
दौवारिकः प्रतीहारो वेत्र्युत्सारकदण्डिनः ७२१
-wordlist-
महामात्र (पुं), प्रधान (क्ली), पुरोधस् (पुं), पुरोहित (पुं), सौवस्तिक (पुं), द्वारस्थ (पुं), क्षत्तृ (पुं), द्वारपालक (पुं), दौवारिक (पुं), प्रतीहार (पुं), वेत्रिन् (पुं), उत्सारक (पुं), दण्डिन् (पुं)
अभिधानरत्नमाला
Sanskrit
सौवस्तिक
सौवस्तिक, पुरोधस्, पुरोहित
सौवस्तिक इति प्रोक्तः पुरोधाश्च पुरोहितः ४२६
verse 2.1.1.426
page 0049
Vedic Reference
English
Puro-hita (‘placed in front, ‘appointed’) is the name of a
priest in the Rigveda^1 and later.^2 The office of Purohita is
called Purohiti^3 and Purodhā. It is clear that the primary
function of the Purohita was that of ‘domestic priest’ of a
king, or perhaps a great noble
his quite exceptional position
is shown by the fact that only one Purohita seems ever to be
mentioned in Vedic literature.^4 Examples of Purohitas in the
Rigveda are Viśvāmitra^5 or Vasiṣṭha^6 in the service of the
Bharata king
Sudās, of the Tṛtsu family
the Purohita of
Kuruśravaṇa
^7 and Devāpi, the Purohita of Śantanu.^8 The
Purohita was in all religious matters the alter ego of the king.
In the ritual^9 it is laid down that a king must have a Purohita,
else the gods will not accept his offerings. He ensures the
king's safety and victory in battle by his prayers
^10 he procures
the fall of rain for the crops
^11 he is the flaming fire that
guards the kingdom.^12 Divodāsa in trouble is rescued by
Bharadvāja
^13 and King Tryaruṇa Traidhātva Aikṣvāka
reproaches his Purohita, Vṛśa Jāna, when his car runs over
a Brahmin boy and kills him.^14 The close relation of king and
Purohita is illustrated by the case of Kutsa Aurava, who slew
his Purohita, Upagu Sauśravasa, for disloyalty in serving
Indra, to whom Kutsa was hostile.^15 Other disputes between
kings and priests who officiated for them are those of Janam-
ejaya and the Kaśyapas, and of Viśvantara and the Śyā-
parṇas
^16 and between Asamāti and the Gaupāyanas.^17 In
some cases one Purohita served more than one king
for
example, Devabhāga Śrautarṣa was the Purohita of the
Kurus and the Sṛṅjayas at the same time, ^18 and Jala Jātū-
karṇya was the Purohita of the kings of Kāśi, Videha, and
Kosala.^19
There is no certain proof that the office of Purohita was
hereditary in a family, though it probably was so.^20 At any
rate, it seems clear from the relations of the Purohita with
King Kuruśravaṇa, and with his son Upamaśravas, ^21 that a
king would keep on the Purohita of his father.
Zimmer^22 thinks that the king might act as his own Purohita,
as shown by the case of King Viśvantara, who sacrificed with-
out the help of the Śyāparṇas, ^23 and that a Purohita need not
be a priest, as shown by the case of Devāpi and Śantanu.^24
But neither opinion seems to be justified. It is not said that
Viśvantara sacrificed without priests, while Devāpi is not
regarded as a king until the Nirukta, ^25 and there is no
reason to suppose that Yāska's view expressed in that work
is correct.
According to Geldner, ^26 the Purohita from the beginning
acted as the Brahman priest in the sacrificial ritual, being
there the general superintendent of the sacrifice. In favour of
this view, he cites the fact that Vasiṣṭha is mentioned both as
Purohita^27 and as Brahman:^28 at the sacrifice of Śunaḥśepa he
served as Brahman, ^29 but he was the Purohita of Sudās
^30
Bṛhaspati is called the Purohita^31 and the Brahman^32 of the
gods
and the Vasiṣṭhas who are Purohitas are also the Brah-
mans at the sacrifice.^33 It is thus clear that the Brahman was
often the Purohita
and it was natural that this should be the
case when once the Brahman's place became, as it did in the
later ritual, the most important position at the sacrifice.^34 But
the Brahman can hardly be said to have held this place in the
earlier ritual
Oldenberg^35 seems to be right in holding that
the Purohita was originally the Hotṛ priest, the singer par
excellence, when he took any part at all in the ritual of the great
sacrifices with the Ṛtvijs. So Devāpi seems clearly to have
been a Hotṛ
^36 Agni is at once Purohita^37 and Hotṛ
^38 and the
‘two divine Hotṛs’ referred to in the Āprī litanies are also
called the ‘two Purohitas.’^39 Later, no doubt, when the
priestly activity ceased to centre in the song, the Purohita, with
his skill in magic, became the Brahman, who also required
magic to undo the errors of the sacrifice.^40
There is little doubt that in the original growth of the priest-
hood the Purohita played a considerable part. In historical
times he represented the real power of the kingship, and may
safely be deemed to have exercised great influence in all public
affairs, such as the administration of justice and the king's
conduct of business. But it is not at all probable that the
Purohita represents, as Roth^41 and Zimmer^42 thought, the
source which gave rise to caste. The priestly class is already
in existence in the Rigveda (see Varṇa).
1) i. 1, 1
44, 10. 12
ii. 24, 9
iii. 2, 8
3, 2
v. 11, 2
vi. 70, 4, etc.
2) Av. viii. 5, 5
Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā,
ix. 23
xi. 81
xxxi. 20
Aitareya
Brāhmaṇa, viii. 24, etc.
Nirukta,
ii. 12
vii. 15.
3) Rv. vii. 60, 12
83, 4.
4) Geldner, Vedische Studien, 2, 144,
thinks that several Purohitas were
possible, quoting Sāyaṇa, on Rv. x. 57, 1,
who gives the tale of the Gaupāyanas
and King Asamāti from the Śāṭyāya-
naka, and comparing the case of
Vasiṣṭha and Viśvāmitra as Purohitas,
probably contemporaneously, of Sudās.
But that the two were contemporaneous
is most unlikely, especially if we adopt
the very probable view of Hopkins
(Journal of the American Oriental Society,
15, 260 et seq.) that Viśvāmitra was
with the ten kings (Rv. vii. 18) when
they unsuccessfully attacked Sudās.
The other narrative has, as Oldenberg,
Religion des Veda, 375, n. 3, observes,
a markedly fictitious character
while
every other passage that mentions a
Purohita speaks of him in the singular,
and as there was only one Brahman
priest at the sacrifice, so the Purohita
acted as Brahman.
5) iii. 33. 53. Cf. vii. 18.
6) Rv. vii. 18. 83.
7) Rv. x. 33. See Geldner, Vedische
Studien, 2, 150, 184.
8) Rv. x. 98.
9) Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, viii. 24.
10) See Av. iii. 19
Rv. vii. 18, 13,
from which Geldner, op. cit., 2, 135,
n. 3, concludes that the priest prayed
in the Sabhā, ‘house of assembly, while
the king fought on the field of battle.
See Āśvalāyana Gṛhya Sūtra, iii. 12.
19. 20. Cf. Pūru, n. 2.
11) Rv. x. 98.
12) Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, viii. 24. 25.
13) Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, xv. 3, 7.
14) Ibid., xiii. 3, 12. See Sieg, Die
Sagenstoffe des Ṛgveda, 64, et seq.
15) Ibid., xiv. 6, 8.
16) Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, vii. 27. 35.
17) See Śāṭyāyanaka, cited by Sāyaṇa,
on Rv. x. 57, 1
and cf. Jaiminīya
Brāhmaṇa, iii. 167 (Journal of the
American Oriental Society, 18, 41).
18) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, ii. 4, 4, 5.
According to Sāyaṇa, on Rv. i. 81, 3.
is was Rāhūgaṇa Gotama who was
Purohita
but this is hardly more than
a mere blunder. See Geldner, Vedische
Studien, 3, 152
Weber, Indische Studien,
2, 9, n.
19) Śāṅkhāyana Śrauta Sūtra, xvi. 29, 5.
20) See Oldenberg, Religion des Veda,
375, who compares the permanent
character of the relation of the king
and the Purohita with that of husband
and wife, as shown in the ritual laid
down in the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, viii. 27.
21) See Rv. x. 33, and n. 7.
22) Altindisches Leben, 195, 196.
23) Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, vii. 27
Muir,
Sanskrit Texts, 5, 436-440.
24) Rv. x. 98.
25) ii. 10.
26) Op. cit., 2, 144
3, 155. Cf. Pischel,
Göttingisehe Gelehrte Anzeigen, 1894, 420
Hillebrandt, Rituallitteratur, 13. Rv.
i. 94, 6, does not prove that the Purohita
was a Ṛtvij: it merely shows that he
could be one when he wished.
27) Rv. x. 150, 5.
28) Rv. vii. 33, 11. But this need
mean no more than Brahmin.
29) Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, vii. 16, 1
Sāṅkhāyana Srauta Sūtra, xv. 21, 4.
30) Śāṅkhāyana Śrauta Sūtra, xvi. 11
14.
31) Rv. ii. 24, 9
Aitareya Brāhmaṇa,
iii. 17, 2
Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, ii. 7,
1, 2
Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, v. 3,
1, 2
Śāṅkhāyana Śrauta Sūtra, xiv.
23, 1
32) Rv. x. 141, 3
Kauṣītaki Brāh-
maṇa, vi. 13
Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa,
i. 7, 4, 21
Śāṅkhāyana Śrauta Sūtra,
iv. 6, 9.
33) Taittirīya Saṃhitā, iii. 5, 2, 1.
This point is not in the parallel versions,
Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā, xxxvii. 17 (but cf.
xxvii. 4: brahma-purohitaṃ kṣatram,
unless this means ‘the Kṣatra is inferior
to the Brahma’)
Pañcaviṃśa Brāh-
maṇa, xv. 5, 24, and cf. Gopatha Brāh-
maṇa, ii. 2, 13. The Atharvan literature
(Bloomfield, Hymns of the Atharvaveda,
lx, lxi) requires a follower of that Veda
to act as Brahman, and the spells of
the Atharvan are, in fact, closely allied
to the spells of the Purohita as repre-
sented in the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa,
viii. 24-28. Cf. Macdonell, Sanskrit
Literature, 193, 195.
34) See Bloomfield, op. cit., lviii, lxii,
lxv, lxviii et seq.
35) Religion des Veda, 380, 381.
36) Rv. x. 98
and cf. Pañcaviṃśa
Brāhmaṇa, xiv. 6, 8
Āśvalāyana Gṛhya
Sūtra, i. 12, 7.
37) Rv. i. 1, 1
iii. 3, 2
11, 1
v. 11, 2.
In viii. 27, 1
x. 1, 6, he is called
Purohita, and credited with the charac-
teristic activities of the Hotṛ priest.
38) Rv. i. 1, 1
iii. 3, 2
11, 1
v. 11,
2. etc.
39) Rv. x. 66, 13
70, 7.
40) Cf. Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, vii. 26.
41) Zur Litteratur und Geschichte des
Weda, 117 et seq.
42) Altindisches Leben, 195.
Cf. Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 168,
169
195 et seq.
Max Müller, Ancient
Sanskrit Literature, 485
Weber, Indische
Studien, 10, 31-35
138
Haug, Brahma
und die Brahmanen, 9 et seq.
Geldner,
Vedische Studien, 2, 144
Oldenberg,
Religion des Veda, 374-383
Bloomfield,
Hymns of the Atharvaveda, lxx et seq.
शब्दकल्पद्रुमः
Sanskrit
पुरोहितः,
पुं,
पुरो दृष्टादृष्टफलेषु कर्म्मसु धीयतेआरोप्यते यः (यद्वा, पुर आदावेव हितंमङ्गलं यस्मात् ।) शान्त्यादिकर्त्ता तत्पर्य्यायः ।पुरोधाः इत्यमरः
धर्म्मकर्म्मादि-कारकः इति शब्दरत्नावली
तस्य लक्षणंयथा, चाणक्ये ।“वेदवेदाङ्गतत्त्वज्ञो जपहोमपरायणः ।आशीर्व्वादवचोयुक्त एष राजपुरोहितः
”तस्य वर्ज्जनीयलक्षणं यथा, --“काणं व्यङ्गमपुत्त्रं वानभिज्ञमजितेन्द्रियम् ।न ह्नस्वं व्याधितं वापि नृपः कुर्य्यात् पुरोहितम्
”इति कालिकापुराणम्
*
पुरोहिते वर्णनीयानि यथा, --“पुरोहितो हितो वेदस्मृतिज्ञः सत्यवाक् शुचिः ।ब्रह्मण्यो विमलाचारः प्रतिकर्त्तापदामृजुः
”इति कविकल्पलता
(यथा ।“दोषागन्तुजमृत्युभ्यो रसमन्त्रविशारदौ ।रक्षेतां नृपतिं नित्यं यत्नाद्वैद्यपुरोहितौ
ब्रह्मा वेदाङ्गमष्टाङ्गमायुर्व्वेदमभाषत ।पुरोहितमते तस्माद्वर्त्तेत भिषगात्मवान्
”इति सुश्रुते सूत्रस्थाने चतुस्त्रिंशेऽध्याये
)
वाचस्पत्यम्
Sanskrit
पुरोहित
पु०
पुरो धीयतेऽसौ धा--क्त देवकृत्यादौ अग्रेधार्य्ये पुरोधसि तञ्जक्षणं कविसल्पलतायामुक्तं यथा“पुरोहितो हितो वेदस्मृतिज्ञः सत्यवाक् शुचिः ब्रह्मण्योविमलाचारः प्रतिकर्त्ताऽऽपदामृजुः” “वेदवेदाङ्गतत्त्वज्ञो जपहोमपरायणः आशीर्वादवचोयुक्त एवराजपुरोहितः” आणक्यः “तस्मात् धर्मप्रधानात्मावेदधर्मविदीप्सितः ब्राह्मणो गुणवान् कञ्चित् पुरोधाःप्रतिदृश्यताम् क्षत्रियेणाभिकातेन पृथिवीं जेतुमिच्छता ।पूर्वं पुरोहितः कार्य्यः पार्थ! राज्याभिवृद्धये मर्हींजिगीषता राज्ञा ब्रह्म कार्य्यं पुरःसरम्” भा० आ० १७३ अ० ।भा० शा० ७३ अ० “राज्ञा पुरोहितः कार्य्यो भवेद्विद्वान्बहुश्रुतः उभौ समीक्ष्य धर्मार्थावप्रमेयावनन्तरम् ।धर्मात्मा मन्त्रविद्येषां राज्ञां राजन् पुरोहितः ।राजा चैवं गुणो येषां कुशलं तेषु सर्वतः उभौप्रजा वर्द्धयतो देवान् सर्वान् सुतान् पितॄन् भवेयातांस्थितौ धर्मे श्रद्धेयौ सुतपखिनौ परस्मरस्य सुहृदौविहितौ समचेतसौ ब्रह्मक्षत्रस्य सम्मानात् प्रजा-सुखमवाप्नुयात् विमाननात् तयोरेव प्रजा नश्येयुरेकहि ब्रह्म क्षत्रं सर्वेषां वर्णानां जूलमुच्यते” इत्युष-क्रमे “राज्ञां पुरोहिताधीनः विजयादिः तत्रोक्तोदृश्यः अग्निपु० “त्रय्याञ्च दण्डनीत्यां कुशलः स्यात्पुरोहितः” “अयञ्च वेदविहितं कुर्य्याच्छान्तिकवौडि-कम्” “काणं व्यङ्गमषुत्रं वाऽनभिज्ञमनितेन्द्रियम् ।न ह्रस्वं व्याधितं वापि नृपः कुर्य्यात् पुरोहितम्”काकिकापु० तदीयदोषा उक्ताः अग्रघारिते
त्रि०
।पुरोहितस्य धर्म्यं सहिष्या० अन् पुरोहितधर्म्ये
Capeller
German
पुरो॑हित (s. 1. धा) vorangestellt, beaufragt
m.
Beauftragter Vorgesetzter, bes. Hauspriester.
Grassman
German
puróhita, a., m. [ursprünglich Part. von dhā mit purás], 1〉 a., einem Werke [D. L.] vorgesetzt, d. h. zur Ausführung desselben an die Spitze gestellt
2〉 a., als Priester u. s. w. [hótā, pótā u. s. w.] an die Spitze gestellt
3〉 m., Hauspriester
insbesondere 4〉 von Agni. [Page836]
-as 1〉 yajñéṣu {44, 10} (agnís)
víśvasmai kármaṇe {55, 3} (índras)
agnís ukthé grā́vāṇas barhís adhvaré {647, 1}. 2〉 pótā {94, 6}
hótā {245, 1}
ṛ́ṣis {778, 20}
überall von Agni. 3〉 devā́pis {924, 7}
vásiṣṭhas {976, 5}
bráhmaṇas pátis {215, 9}
(sū́ryas) {710, 12} (devā́nām). 4〉 {58, 3}
{128, 4}
{827, 6} (padé íḍāyās)
devā́nām {44, 12}
{236, 8}
{976, 4}
mánuṣas {237, 2}.
-am 4〉 {918, 2}
prathamám {365, 2}
{948, 4}
yajñásya {1, 1}.
[du.] 3〉 daívyā hótārā {892, 13} (prathamā́).
-au [du.] 1〉 yajñé asmín {896, 7} (daívyā hótārā).
-e [du. f.] 1〉 hotṛvū́rye {511, 4} (dyā́vāpṛthivī́).
Burnouf
French
पुरोहित पुरोहित (pp. de धा) S.
m.
prêtre de
famille, aumônier.