पुरूरवस् (purUravas)
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Apte
Englishपुरूरवस् [purūravas], [cf. 4.231] The son of Budha and Ilā and founder of the lunar race of kings. [He saw the nymph Urvaśī, while descending upon earth owing to the curse of Mitra and Varuṇa, and fell in love with her. Urvaśī, too, was enamoured of the king who was as renowned for personal beauty as for truthfulness, devotion, and generosity, and became his wife. They lived happily together for many days, and after she had borne him a son, she returned to the heaven. The king heavily mourned her loss, and she was pleased to repeat her visits five successive times and bore him five sons. But the king, who wanted her life-long company, was not evidently satisfied with this
and he obtained his desired object after he had offered oblations as directed by the Gandharvas. The story told in Vikramorvaśīya differs in many respects
so does the account given in the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, based on a passage in the Ṛigveda, where it is said that Urvaśī agreed to live with Purūravas on two conditions: namely that her two rams which she loved as children must be kept near her bed-side and never suffered to be carried away, and that he must take care never to be seen by her undressed. The Gandharvas, however, carried away the rams, and so Urvaśī disappeared.]
Apte 1890
Englishपुरूरवस् m. [cf. Uṇ. 4. 231] The son of Budha and Ilā and founder of the lunar race of kings. [He saw the nymph Urvaśī, while descending upon earth owing to the curse of Mitra and Varuṇa, and fell in love with her. Urvaśī, too, was enamoured of the king who was as renowned for personal beauty as for truthfulness, devotion, and generosity, and became his wife. They lived happily together for many days, and after she had borne him a son, she returned to the heaven. The king heavily mourned her loss, and she was pleased to repeat her visits five successive times and bore him five sons. But the king, who wanted her life-long company, was not evidently satisfied with this
and he obtained his desired object after he had offered oblations as directed by the Gandharvas. The story told in Vikramorvaśīya differs in many respects
so does the account given in the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, based on a passage in the Ṛgveda, where it is said that Urvaśī agreed to live with Purūravas on two conditions:
namely that her two rams which she loved as children must be kept near her bed-side and never suffered to be carried away, and that he must take care never to be seen by her undressed. The Gandharvas, however, carried away the rams, and so Urvaśī disappeared].
Monier Williams Cologne
Englishपुरू—र॑वस् of an ancient king of the lunar race (the lover of Urvaśī
[cf. x, 95
xi, 5, 1 and Kālidāsa's drama Vikramorvaśī], son of Budha and Iḻā, father of Āyus and ancestor of Puru Duṣyanta, Bharata, Kuru, Dhṛta-rāṣṭra and Pāṇḍu, supposed to have instituted the 3 sacrificial fires [VS. v, 2]
according to, x, 46 he is one of the beings belonging to the middle region of the universe, and is possibly to be connected with the Sun as Urvaśī is with the Dawn
according to others a Viśva-deva or a Pārvaṇa-śrāddha-deva),
Macdonell
EnglishApte Hindi
Hindiपुरूरवस्
- पुरु प्रवुरं यथास्यात्तथा रौति-पुरु + रु + असि नि* साधुः
"बुध और इला का पुत्र, चन्द्रवंशी राजकुल का प्रवर्तक"
Shabdartha Kaustubha
Kannadaपुरूरवस्
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಚಂದ್ರವಂಶದ ಒಬ್ಬ ದೊರೆ /ಚಂದ್ರನ ಪುತ್ರನಾದ ಬುಧನಿಂದ ಇಳೆಯೆಂಬುವವಳಲ್ಲಿ ಜನಿಸಿದವನು
निष्पत्तिः - > पुरु + रु (शब्दे) - "असिः" पुरुशब्दस्य दीर्घश्च निपा० (उ० ४-२३१)
व्युत्पत्तिः - > पुरौ वर्तते रौति
प्रयोगाः - > "पर्वतश्च पुरुर्नाम यत्र जज्ञे पुरूरवाः"
उल्लेखाः - > भा० वन० ९०-२२
अभिधानचिन्तामणिः
Sanskritपुरूरवा वौध ऐल उर्वशीरमणश्च सः ॥ ७०१ ॥
पुरूरवस् (पुं), बौध (पुं), ऐल (पुं), उर्वशीरमण (पुं)
Mahabharata
EnglishPurūravas, an ancient king, son of Ilā [and Budha], and husband of Urvaśī. § 52 (Janamejaya): I, 44, †1811 (yathorvaśīṃ prāpya purā Pºāḥ).--§ 140 (cf. Sambhavap.): P. was born of Ilā, who was both his father and mother. P. held sway over thirteen dvīpas, and though a human being he was always surrounded with beings who were not human. He robbed the brahmans of their wealth. Sanatkumāra then came from Brahmaloka and gave him good advice, which he rejected. Then P., who intoxicated with power had lost his reason, was destroyed by the curse of the maharshis. Accompanied by Urvaśī, he, for sacrificial purposes, brought the fires from the Gandharvaloka duly arranged-in three places (yathāvad vihitāṃs tridhā)
I, 75, 3143, 3144, 3145.--§ 141 (do.): P. (Aila) had from Urvaśī six sons: Āyus, Dhīmat, Amāvasu, Dṛḍhāyus, Vanāyus, and Śatāyus. Āyus married Svarbhānavī, and had from her the sons Nahusha, Vṛddhaśarman, Rāji, Gaya, and Anenas.--§ 156 (Pūruvaṃś.): I, 95, ††3760 (son of Ilā and father of Āyus).--§ 305 (Anudyūtap.): II, 78, 2576 (ºam Ailaṃ tvaṃ buddhyā jayasi).--§ 376 (Tīrthayātrāp.): III, 85, 8268 (yathā).-§ 377 (Dhaumyatīrthak.): III, 90, 8393 (parvataś ca Purur nāma yatra yātaḥ Pºāḥ).--§ 378 (Tīrthayātrāp.): III, 94, 8504 (yathā, C. has by error Puroravāḥ).--§ 562 (Bhagavadyānap.): V, 74, 2731 (Dīptākshāṇāṃ Pºāḥ, among the princes who annihilated their kinsmen, etc., the same?).-§ 565 (Gālavacarita): V, 117, 3973 (reme…yathā… Urvaśyāñ ca Pºāḥ).--§ 599e (Śini): VII, 144, 6028 (son of Budha), 6029 (father of Āyus).--§ 641 (Rājadh.): XII, 72, 2750 (ºsa Ailasya saṃvādaṃ Mātariśvanaḥ), (2751) (discourse between P. and the Wind).--§ 656 (Khaḍgotpattik.): XII, 166, 6193 (received the sword from Ikshvāku, from P. it passed over to Āyus).--§ 723 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 6, 325 (rājarshiḥ…Ailaḥ, attained to heaven).--§ 746 (do.): XIII, 76, †3690 (made gifts of kine).--§ 768b (Kṛshṇa Vāsudeva): XIII, 147, 6832 (son of Budha and father of Āyus).--§ 770 (Ānuśāsanik.)
XIII, 151, 7127 (Ailaṃ Budhasya putraṃ). Cf. Aila.
पुराणम्
Englishपुरूरवस् / PURŪRAVAS. I. A prominent king of candravaṁśa (lunar race).1) Origin of candravaṁśa and birth of purūravas. Descending in order from brahmā came atri--candra--budha purūravas. The dynasty which came from candra was called the candravaṁśa. Though budha was the first king of candravaṁśa it was purūravas who became celebrated. The story of the birth of purūravas is given below:
brahmā in the beginning deputed the sage atri for the work of creation. Atrimaharṣi started the penance called anuttara to acquire sufficient power for creation. After some years Saccidānanda brahma with an aura of lustre reflected in the heart of that pure and serene soul. In sheer ecstasy tears rolled down his cheeks and the glittering flow of water was lustfully drunk by the zones taking the form of women with a view to producing progenies. They became pregnant but were unable to bear the embryo of atri and so they threw them away. brahmā took them all and made them into one armoured youth and took him in his chariot to his land. Then the brahmarṣis requested brahmā to make him their lord. When the rṣis, devas, gandharvas and nymphs praised him reciting sāmaveda the majestic lustre of the youth increased. It was from this that auṣadhas (medicines) originated and that is why candra is considered to be the lord of medicines, dvija and Vedasvarūpa. The Candramaṇḍala is full of chemicals. It increases and decreases according to the white half and black half of the moon-based month.
dakṣa gave in marriage to candra twentyseven beautiful maidens. Then candra did penance meditating on viṣṇu for ten thousand Kalpas. viṣṇu pleased by his penance asked him to name a boon and candra said “When I perform a yāga in svarga all the devas like brahmā should come in person to my yāgaśālā and take the yāgabhāga. Śūlapāṇi should remain as a watchman at my rājasūya.” Accordingly with the blessing of viṣṇu, candra conducted the yāga in which atri, bhṛgu, brahmā, viṣṇu, devas, Vasus, maruts and viśvadevas took part. candra gave as yāga-fees to Ṛtviks all the three worlds. The yāga was complete and when candra rose up after a bath nine devīs fell in love with the amorous beauty of candra. lakṣmī, wife of viṣṇu, sinīvālī, wife of kardama, dyuti, wife of vibhāvasu, puṣṭi, wife of dhātā, prabhā, wife of sūrya, kuhū, wife of haviṣmān, kīrti, wife of jayanta, Aṁśumālī wife of kaśyapa and dhṛti wife of nanda, abandoned their husbands and went with candra. candra treated them all as his own wives and gave them erotic pleasure to their hearts' content. Those who saw this non-virtuous act stood dumbfounded unable to curse candra.
Attracted by the dazzling brilliance of candra tārā, wife of bṛhaspati, went with him. Enraged at this, bṛhaspati joining with other devas prepared for a fight against candra. devas took sides and by the mediation of indra a conference of both the parties was held and tārā was sent back to bṛhaspati. tārā was pregnant then and tārā confessed that the child in her womb was that of candra. So when that child was born candra took it away and named it budha. brahmā and other ṛṣis gave budha a seat among the planets.
budha married ilā and they got a son named purūravas. (See under ilā). After that budha performed a hundred Aśvamedhayāgas. He then enjoyed world prosperity as lord of Saptadvīpa living in the beautiful Himādriśṛṅga. worshipping brahmā. (Chapter 12, Bhāga 3, padma purāṇa).2) Testing purūravas and the curse. purūravas by his brilliance performed a hundred Aśvamedhayāgas and lived in glory at Himādriśṛṅga. Great demons like keśī became his servants. urvaśī attracted by his beauty became his wife. While he was living like that dharma, Artha and kāma went in disguise to his palace to test him. Hereceived them all well but paid more attention to dharma. Artha and kāma got angry and cursed him. Artha cursed him saying that he would be ruined by his greed and kāma cursed him saying he would go mad by being separated from urvaśī. Hearing that dharma blessed him thus: “You will live long leading a virtuous life. Your race will increase and remain in glory till the end of the moon and the stars. The insanity caused by your passion for urvaśī would end by the end of sixty years. That celestial maiden would remain then with you for one manvantara.” (Chapter 12, Bhāga 3, padma purāṇa).
purūravas used to visit indra daily. One day while he was going through air wellarmed with a bow and arrows he saw a demon named keśī carrying away by force urvaśī and citralekhā and after defeating keśī in a fight recovered the nymphs and gave them back to indra. indra praised purūravas and in his honour a drama, Lakṣmīsvayaṁvara, was enacted by urvaśī, menakā and others. urvaśī taking the part of lakṣmī started to dance but seeing purūravas before her she became lustful and made wrong steps. nārada who was present at the function got angry and cursed her “You will forget all you have learnt. Not only that, you will live as a creeper separated from purūravas for a period of sixty years.” (For details see under urvaśī). padma purāṇa says that it was bharata who cursed urvaśī. This story is slightly different from that found in the other Purāṇas.3) Sons of purūravas. urvaśī got eight sons of purūravas named āyus, Dṛḍhāyus, Vaśyāyus, danāyus, Vṛttimān, vasu, Divijāta and subāhu. Of these āyus became the propagator of the dynasty. Of the sons born to āyus five sons, nahuṣa, vṛddhaśarmā, raji, Dambha and vipāpmā became celebrities. A hundred sons were born to raji. They were called Rājeyas. (Chapter 12, Bhāga 3, padma purāṇa).
Some Purāṇas state that purūravas had six sons while some state that he had seven sons.4) Other details. The following references are made about him in the mahābhārata.(i) Once purūravas stole the wealth of some brahmins. The brahmins took sanatkumāra along with them and made representations to the king. purūravas did not give back their wealth. The brahmins cursed him and as a result the prosperity of the King waned. Then purūravas brought down from svarga three Agnis and performed a yāga and thus regained his lost splendour and prosperity. (Chapter 75, Ādi Parva). (ii) purūravas got six sons of urvaśī named āyus, dhīmān, amāvasu, Dṛḍhāyus, Vanāyus and śatāyus.(iii) Once he asked vāyu the wind-god about the origin of the four castes and the superiority of the brahmins over other castes. (Śloka 3, Chapter 72, śānti Parva).(iv) At another time he discussed about yajñapurohitas with kaśyapa. (Chapter 73, śānti Parva).(v) ikṣvāku gave purūravas a sword which in his old age he gave to his son āyus. (Chapter 166, śānti Parva).(vi) He once declared that one can attain svarga by the blessings of brahmins. (Śloka 31, Chapter 6, anuśāsana parva).(vii) purūravas was famous as a donor of cows. (Śloka 26, Chapter 76, anuśāsana parva).(vii) purūravas never ate meat. (Śloka 65, Chapter 111, anuśāsana parva).
पुरूरवस् २ / PURŪRAVAS II. A king of the race of dīptākṣa. (Śloka 15, Chapter 74, Udyoga Parva).
Vedic Reference
EnglishPurū-ravas is the name of a hero in a hymn of the Rigveda^1
containing a curious dialogue between him and a nymph,
Urvaśī, an Apsaras. He is also mentioned in the Śatapatha
Brāhmaṇa, ^2 where several verses of the Rigvedic dialogue find
a setting in a continuous story. In the later literature he is
recognized as a king.^3 His name is perhaps intended in one
other passage of the Rigveda.^4 It is impossible to say whether
he is a mythical figure pure and simple, or really an ancient
king. His epithet, Aiḷa, ^5 ‘descendant of Iḍā’ (a sacrificial
goddess), is certainly in favour of the former alternative.
1) x. 95.
2) xi. 5, 1, 1. Cf. iii. 4, 1, 22
Kāṭhaka
Saṃhitā, viii. 10
Nirukta, x. 46.
3) See Geldner, Vedische Studien, 1,
283 et seq.
4) i. 31, 4.
5) Satapatha Brāhmaṇa, xi. 5, 1, 1.
Cf. Weber, Indische Studien, 1, 196
Max Müller, Chips, 42, 109 et seq.
Kuhn, Die Herabkunft des Feuers, 85
et seq.
Roth, Nirukta, Erläuterungen,
153
Macdonell, Vedic Mythology, 124,
135
Oldenberg, Sacred Books of the
East, 46, 28, 323.
वाचस्पत्यम्
Sanskritपुरूरवस् पुरु रौति रु--असि दीर्षश्च सोमवंश्ये बुधस्यपुत्रे १ राजभेदे तज्जन्मकथा यथा“इलोवाच । मित्रावरुणयोरंशे जाताऽस्मि वदतां वर! ।तयोः सकाशं यास्यामि न मां घर्मो हतोऽवधीत् ६ सैव-मुक्त्वा मनुं देवं मित्रावरुणयोरिला । गत्वाऽन्तिकं वरा-रोहा प्राञ्जलिर्वाक्यमब्रवीत् । अंशेऽस्मिन् युवयोर्जातादेवौ किं करवाणि वाम् । मनुना चाहमुक्त्वा वैअनुगच्छस्व मामिति । तां तथा वादिनीं साध्वीमिलांधर्मपरायणाम् । मित्रश्च वरुणश्चोभावूचतुर्यन्निबोध तत् ।अनेन तव धर्मेण प्रश्रयेण दमेन च । सत्येन चैवसुश्रोणि! प्रीतौ स्वो वरवर्णिनि! । आवयोस्त्वं महा-भागे! ख्यातिं कन्येति यास्यसि । मनोर्वंशकरः पुत्रस्त्व-मेव च भविष्यसि । सुद्युम्न इति विख्यातस्त्रिषु लोकेषुशोभने! । जगत्प्रियो धर्मशीलो गनोर्वंशविवर्द्धनः ।निवृत्ता सा तु तच्छ्रुत्वा गच्छन्ती पितुरन्तिकम् । बुधेना-न्तरमासाद्य मैथुनायोपमन्त्रिता । सोमपुत्राद्बुधाद्राजन्!तस्या जज्ञे पुरूरवाः । जनयित्वा ततः सा तं पुनःसुद्युम्नतां गता” हरिवं० ३० अ० । २ विश्वदेवभेदे जटा० ।स च पार्वणे यजनीयदेवः । “पुरूरवामार्दवाश्च पार्वणेसमुदाहृतौ” श्राद्धत० वृहस्यतिः ।
Capeller
GermanGrassman
Germanpurū-rávas, a., m., 1〉 a., laut oder oft rufend [rávas = ráva], so in {31, 4}, falls es nicht auch hier als Eigenname zu fassen ist
2〉 m., Eigenname des Geliebten der urváśī. Eine sehr geistvolle, aber doch zweifelhafte Deutung des Mythus hat Max Müller (Oxford Essays 〔S. 61〕) gegeben.
-ase 1〉 mánave {31, 4}.
-as [V.] 2〉 {921, 2}. _{921, 5}. _{921, 7}. _{921, 11}. _{921, 15}.
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