पुरुषदम्यसारथि (puruSadamyasArathi)
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Monier Williams Cologne
EnglishEdgerton Buddhist Hybrid
Englishpuruṣa-damya-sārathi (= Pali purisa-damma-sā°
expl. Vism. 〔207.22 ff.〕 essentially as here interpreted), charioteer (driver, tamer, controller) of human ones-that-need-to-be-tamed (= trained religiously
as Vism. indicates, dam = vi-nī, discipline)
the figure clearly refers to taming animals, particularly horses, and indeed is no doubt directly based on Pali assa-damma-sārathi, q.v. in CPD
cf. such expressions as puruṣājāneya (see s.v. ājāneya), noble steed of a man. Ep. of a Buddha, or a Bodhisattva just before his attainment of Buddhahood. Often misunderstood
further evidence supporting the interpretation here given will be found below. Tib. (on Mvy 〔10〕, LV 〔3.4〕 etc.) skyes bu ḥdul baḥi (of human [to-be-] tamed ones, more lit. of [to-be-] tamed men) kha lo (b)sgyur ba (helm-governor = charioteer). In Tocharian yātäṣlyes yāpy ā(śa)nt, leader of one to be tamed (omitting puruṣa
yāpy is uncertain, possibly helm as in Tib.). Regularly in cliché listing characteristics of a Buddha: SP 〔17.11〕
〔65.6〕
〔144.6〕
〔156.4〕
LV 〔3.4〕
Mvy 〔10〕
Mv 〔i.38.12〕
〔238.15〕
〔330.2〕
〔331.1〕
〔332.4〕
〔335.16〕
Divy 〔54.13〕 etc.
Av 〔i.65.12〕 etc.
Suv 〔168.10〕
in Mv 〔i.4.9〕 (read with mss., and print the sentence as an āryā vs, not prose as in Senart) puruṣasiṃhasārathinā (Senart em. puruṣadamya°), controller of lions of men, evidently meant as a much stronger variant of the usual term, but incidentally confirms our interpretation of the latter
so also does the epithet puruṣadamyasārathinā in another formulaic series of epithets applied to the Bodhisattva just before his enlightenment, in which several preceding epithets compare him to animals, such as puruṣarṣabheṇa, puruṣasiṃhena: LV 〔350.12〕
Mv 〔i.229.9〕
〔ii.133.9〕
〔284.19〕
〔415.21〕
in less formulaic passages LV 〔428.5〕
abstr. °sārathi-tā, state of being …, meaning the state of Buddhahood which Bodhisattvas are to attain: Mv 〔ii.260.11〕
〔261.12〕.
Sanskrit Tibetan
Tibetanskyes bu 'dul ba'i kha lo sgyur ba
पुरुषदम्यसारथि
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