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चमू (camU)

 
शब्दसागरः
English
चमू
f.
 (-मूः)
1. An army.
2. A squadron, a division of an army con-
sisting of 129 elephants, as many cars, 2187 horse, and 3685
foot.
E.
 चम् to eat or destroy, (the enemy.) and ऊ Unadi
aff.
Capeller Eng
English
चमू॑
f.
 the bottom of the Soma-press
squadron, army.
Yates
English
चमू (मूः) 3.
f.
 An army, a squadron,
129 elephants, 129 cars, 2187
horse, 3615 foot.
Spoken Sanskrit
English
चमू - camU -
f.
 - army or division of an army
चमू - camU -
f.
 - heaven and earth
चमू - camU -
f.
 - army
चमू camU
f.
 army or division of an army
चमू camU
f.
 heaven and earth
चमू camU
f.
 army
Wilson
English
चमू
f.
 (-मूः)
1 An army.
2 A squadron, a division of an army consisting of 129 elephants, as many cars,
2187 horse, and 3685 foot.
E.
 चम to eat or destroy, (the enemy, ) and ऊ Uṇādi
aff.
Apte
English
चमूः [camūḥ],
f.
 [चम्-ऊ
Uṇ.*
 1.81]
An army (in general)
पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम्
Bg.*
 1.3
वासवीनां चमूनाम्
Me.*
 43
गजवती जवतीव्रहया चमूः
R.*
 9.1.
A division of an army consisting of 729 elephants, as many cars, 2187 horse, and 3645 foot.
Ved.
 A dish or vessel.
A grave.
Comp.
 -चरः a soldier, warrior. -नाथः, -पः, -पतिः the leader of an army, a general, commander
R.*
 13.74. -हरः an epithet of Śiva.
Monier Williams Cologne
English
चमू॑
f.
 (Ved.
loc.
 °मू॑,
RV.
 six times
once °म्वि॑, x, 91, 15
nom.
du.
 °म्वा॑, iii, 55, 20
gen.
loc.
 °म्वो॑स्
nom.
pl.
 °म्व॑स्, viii, 2, 8
loc.
pl.
 °मू॑षु) a vessel or part (two or more in number) of the reservoir into which the Soma is poured,
RV.
°म्वौ॑,
f.
du.
 ‘the two great receptacles of all living beings’, heaven and earth,
Naigh.
 iii, 30 (cf.
RV.
 iii, 55, 20)
sg. a coffin (?),
ŚBr.
 xiii, 8, 2, 1
ŚāṅkhŚr.
 xiv, 22, 19
an army or division of an army (129 elephants, as many cars, 2187 horse, and 3645 foot,
MBh.
 i, 292),
MBh.
R.
Megh.
BhP.
Monier Williams 1872
English
चमू, ऊस्, f., Ved. (loc. चमू or चम्वि
du.
चम्वा
pl. चम्वस्), a vessel, a dish, (applied
especially to the vessels or reservoirs into which the
Soma is poured
these are generally two in number,
and called चम्वा, Ved. du.), metaphorically the two
grand receptacles of all living beings, or heaven and
earth (चम्वौ, du., Naigh. III. 30)
a grave
an
army
a squadron, a division of an army consisting
of 129 elephants, as many cars, 2187 horse, and
3685 foot.
—चमू-चर, अस्, m. a soldier, a warrior.
—चमू-नाथ or चमू-प, अस्, m. the leader of
an army, a general.
—चमू-पति, इस्, m. a general
of division, any general.
—चमू-षद्, त्, त्, त्, Ved.
lying on a dish.
—चमू-हर, अस्, m., N. of one of
the Viśve-devās.
चमू चमू। See under चम् above.
Macdonell
English
चमू cam-ū́,
f.
 bottom of the Soma press 🞄(often du. bottom and upper board of the Soma 🞄press)
army (consisting of ¤729¤ elephants, 🞄¤729¤ chariots, ¤2187¤ cavalry, and ¤3645¤ infantry): 🞄-nātha, -pa, -pati, -pāla,
m.
 commander 🞄of an army.
Benfey
English
चमू चमू,
f.
 An army, Rām. 1, 74,
16, consisting of 729 elephants, 729
chariots, 2187 horses, and 3645 foot,
MBh. 1, 292.
Apte Hindi
Hindi
चमूः
स्त्री*
 - चम् - ऊ
सेना
चमूः
स्त्री*
 - चम् - ऊ
"सेना का एक भाग जिसमें ७२९ हाथी, ७२९ रथ, २१८७ सवार तथा ३६४५ पदाति हों "
Shabdartha Kaustubha
Kannada
चमू
पदविभागः - > स्त्रीलिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಸೇನೆ
निष्पत्तिः - > चमु (अदने) - "ऊः" (उ० १-८०)
व्युत्पत्तिः - > चमति शत्रून्
प्रयोगाः - > "तथा तथा हृषितवपुर्मुदाकुला द्विषां चमूरजनि जनीव चेतसा"
उल्लेखाः - > माघ० १७-४३
चमू
पदविभागः - > स्त्रीलिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ೭೨೯ ಆನೆಗಳು, ೨೧೮೭ ಕುದುರೆಗಳು ೭೨೯ ರಥಗಳು, ೩೬೪೫ ಕಾಲಾಳುಗಳು ಇವುಗಳಿಂದ ಕೂಡಿದ ಸೈನ್ಯದ ಗುಂಪು
प्रयोगाः - > "रक्षाहेतोर्नवशशिभृता वासवीनां चमूनाम्"
उल्लेखाः - > मेघ० १-४३
L R Vaidya
English
camU {% f. %} 1. An army in general, गजवती जवतीवहया चमूः R.x.10, वासवीनां चमूनाम् Megh.i.43
2. a division of an army consisting of 729 elephants, as many cars, 2187 horse and 3645 foot.
भूतसङ्ख्या
Sanskrit
६, अङ्ग, अब्द, अराति अरि, ऋतु, काय, कारक, कार्तिक, काल, कुमार, कुमारवदन, कृत्तिका, कोष, क्ष्माखण्ड, खर, गुहक, गुहवक्त्र, गुहास्य, चक्रार्ध, चमू, चरक, जीव, तर्क, दर्शन, द्रव्य, भार्ध, मासार्ध, रस, राग, रासभ, रिपु, लेख्य, लेश्या, वर्ण, शक्ति, शास्त्र, शिलीमुखपद, शिशु, षट्, षण्मुख, समास, सेना, स्कन्द, स्वाद
Bopp
Latin
चमू f. (ut videtur, a r. चम् s. ऊ)
1) exercitus. RAGH. 4.
30.
2) pars exercitûs. MAH. 1. 292.
Schmidt Nachtrage zum Sanskrit Worterbuch
German
चमू °Totenurne? Kauś. 48, 4.
अभिधानचिन्तामणिः
Sanskrit
--source--
वाहिनी पृतना सेना बलं सैन्यमनीकिनी ॥ ७४५ ॥
कटकं ध्वजिनी तन्त्रं दण्डोऽनीकं पताकिनी ।
वरूथिना चमूश्चक्रं स्कन्धवारोऽस्य तु स्थितिः ॥ ७४६ ॥
शिबिरं रचना तु स्याद्व्यूहो दण्डादिको युधि ।
-wordlist-
वाहिनी (स्त्री), पृतना (स्त्री), सेना (स्त्री), बल (क्ली), सैन्य (क्ली), अनीकिनी (स्त्री), कटक (क्ली), ध्वजिनी (स्त्री), तन्त्र (क्ली), दण्ड (पुं), अनीक (क्ली), पताकिनी (स्त्री), वरूथिनी (स्त्री), चमू (स्त्री), चक्र (पुंक्ली), स्कन्धावार (पुं), शिबिर (क्ली), व्यूह (पुं)
--source--
सेना सेनामुखं गुल्मो वाहिनी पृतना चमूः ॥ ७४८ ॥
अनिकिनी च पत्तेः स्यादिभ्याद्यैस्त्रिगुणैः क्रमात् ।
दशानिकिन्येऽक्षौहिणी सज्जनं तूपरक्षणम् ॥ ७४९ ॥
-wordlist-
सेना (स्त्री), सेनामुख (क्ली), गुल्म (पुंक्ली), वाहिनी (स्त्री), पृतना (स्त्री), चमू (स्त्री), अनीकिनी (स्त्री), अक्षौहिणी (स्त्री), सज्जन (क्ली), उपरक्षण (क्ली)
अभिधानरत्नमाला
Sanskrit
पृतना
पृतना, सेना, ध्वजिनी, पताकिनी, वाहिनी, बल, सैन्य, चक्र, चमू, वरूथिनी, अनीकिनी, अनीक
पृतना सेना ध्वजिनी पताकिनी वाहिनी बलं सैन्यम् ।
चक्रं चमूर्वरूथिन्यनीकिनी स्यादनीकं च ॥ ४५७ ॥
verse 2.1.1.457
page 0053
नाममाला
Sanskrit
अक्षौहिणी, बल, अनीक, वाहिनी, साधन, चमू, ध्वजिनी, पृतना, सेना, सैन्य, दण्ड, वरूथिनी
अक्षौहिणी बलानीकं वाहिनी साधनं चमूः ।
ध्वजिनी पृतना सेना सैन्यं दण्डो वरूथिनी ॥ ८६ ॥
verse 0.1.1.86
page 0044
पुराणम्
English
चमू / CAMŪ. A division of an army. (See Aksauhiṇī)
Vedic Reference
English
Camū is a term of somewhat doubtful sense occurring
repeatedly in the Rigveda, and connected with the preparation
of Soma. Zimmer^1 considers that in the dual it denotes the
two boards between which, in his opinion, the Soma was
crushed (cf. Adhiṣavaṇa). Roth, ^2 however, appears to be right
in taking the normal sense to designate a vessel into which the
Soma was poured from the press, and Hillebrandt^3 shows
clearly that when it occurs in the plural^4 it always has this
sense, corresponding to the Graha-pātras of the later ritual,
and that sometimes it is so used in the singular^5 or dual^6 also.
In some cases, ^7 however, he recognizes its use as denoting the
mortar in which the Soma was pressed: he may be right here,
as this mode of preparation was probably Indo-Iranian.^8
In a derivative sense Camū appears in the Śatapatha Brāh-
maṇa^9 to denote a trough, either of solid stone or consisting of
bricks, used by the Eastern people to protect the body of the
dead from contact with the earth, like modern stone-lined
graves or vaults.
1) Altindisches Leben, 277, 278.
2) St. Petersburg Dictionary, s.v. Cf.
Grassmann, Rigveda, 1, 15.
3) Vedische Mythologie, 1, 164-175.
4) Rv. iii. 48, 5
viii. 2, 8
82, 7. 8
ix. 20, 6
62, 16
63, 2
92, 2
93, 3
97, 21. 37. 46
99, 6. 8.
5) Rv. ix. 107, 18
x. 91, 15.
6) Rv. ix. 69, 5
71, 1
72, 5
86, 47
96, 20. 21
97 2. 48
103, 4
107, 10
108. 10.
7) Singular: Rv. v. 51, 4
viii. 4, 4
76, 10
ix. 46, 3
x. 24, 1. Dual:
i. 28, 9
iv. 18, 3
vi. 57, 2
ix. 36, 1.
8) Hillebrandt, op. cit., 1, 158-164.
9) xiii. 8, 2, 1
Eggeling, Sacred Books
of the East, 44, 430, n. 1. In Śāṅkh-
āyana Śrauta Sūtra, xiv. 22, 19, the
sense is doubtful.
Cf. Macdonell, Vedic Mythology, pp.
105 et seq.
Camū denotes the vessel used for the offering to the god, ^32
Kalaśa and Camasa those used for the priests to drink from.
Sometimes^33 the Camū denotes the mortar and pestle. Perhaps
the vessel was so called because of its mortar-like shape.
The skin on which the shoots were placed was called
Tvac, ^34 or twice go (‘cow-hide’).^35 Kośa, ^36 Sadhastha, ^37 Dru, ^38
Vana, ^39 Droṇa, ^40 are all terms used for Soma vessels, while
Sruva^41 denotes the ‘ladle.’
Apparently the plant was sometimes steeped in water to
increase its yield of juice.^42
It is not possible to describe exactly the details of the process
of pressing the Soma as practised in the Rigveda. It was
certainly purified by being pressed through a sieve^43 (Pavitra).
The Soma was then used unmixed (śukra, ^44 śuci)^45 for Indra and
Vāyu, but the Kaṇvas seem to have dropped this usage.^46 The
juice is described as brown (babhru), ^47 tawny (hari), ^48 or ruddy
(aruṇa), ^49 and as having a fragrant smell, ^50 at least as a
rule.^51
Soma was mixed with milk (Gavāśir), ^52 curd or sour milk
(Dadhyāśir), ^53 or grain (Yavāśir).^54 The admixtures are
alluded to with various figurative expressions, as Atka,
‘armour’
^55 Vastra^56 or Vāsas, ^57 ‘garment’
Abhiśrī, ^58 ‘admix-
ture’
rūpa, ^59 ‘beauty’
śrī, ^60 ‘splendour’
rasa, ^61 ‘flavour’
prayas, ^62 ‘dainty’
and perhaps nabhas, ^63 ‘fragrance.’ The
adjective tīvra^64 denotes the ‘pungent’ flavour of Soma when
so mixed. The Soma shoots, after the juice has been pressed
out, are denoted by ṛjīṣa, ‘residue.’^65
It seems probable that in some cases honey was mixed with
Soma: perhaps the kośa madhu-ścut, ‘the pail distilling sweet-
ness, ’ was used for the mixing.^66 It seems doubtful if Surā was
ever so mixed.^67
There were three pressings a day of Soma, as opposed to the
two of the Avesta.^68 The evening pressing was specially
connected with the Ṛbhus, the midday with Indra, the
morning with Agni, but the ritual shows that many other gods
also had their share.^69 The drinker of Soma and the non-
drinker are sharply discriminated in the texts.^70 Localities
where Soma was consumed were Ārjīka, Pastyāvant, Śarya-
ṇāvant, Suṣomā, the territory of the Pañcajanāḥ or ‘five
peoples, ’ and so on.^71 The effects of Soma in exhilarating and
exciting the drinkers are often alluded to.^72
It is difficult to decide if Soma was ever a popular, as opposed
to a hieratic drink. The evidence for its actual popularity is
very slight, ^73 and not decisive.
32) Not the pressing boards, which
are unknown in the Rigveda. Cf. Rv.
ix. 99, 8
x. 91, 15, etc.
33) Rv. i. 28, 9
iv. 18, 3
vi. 57, 2,
etc.
Hillebrandt, 1, 170, 173.
34) Rv. ix. 65, 25
66, 29
70, 7
79, 4, etc.
35) Rv. x. 94, 9
116, 4.
36) Rv. vii. 101, 4
viii. 20, 8, etc.
It denotes the larger vessel from which
the Soma is poured into the Kalaśas,
or cups.
37) Rv. iii. 62, 15
ix. 1, 2
17, 8, etc.
38) Rv. ix. 1, 2
65, 6
98, 2
in
x. 101, 10, dru = mortar.
39) Rv. ii. 14, 9
ix. 66, 9, etc. The
word can mean both the vessel into
which the Soma was poured after pre-
paration, and the vessel from which it
was offered to the gods.
40) Rv. ix. 15, 7
33, 2, etc. The
word, having no definite sense, can
denote any of the vessels. The camū,
on the other hand, was the cup for the
gods, the kalaśa that for the priests
(later it was also used as = kośa, when
camasa had replaced kalaśa as cup for
the priests
Hillebrandt, 1, 187).
41) Rv. i. 116, 24. Cf. also Amatra
and Khārī.
42) This process is technically called
āpyāyana, ‘causing to swell.’ Cf. Rv.
ix. 74, 9
Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā, iv. 5, 5.
The exact nature and extent of this
process is quite uncertain
Hillebrandt,
193-195
Eggeling, Sacred Books of
the East, 26, xxvi.
43) Whether the later practice of
purification by means of shoots held
in the hands was known to the Rigveda
is uncertain, since ii. 14, 8
ix. 71, 3,
are quite indecisive. For the various
terms used to designate the sieve, see
Pavitra.
44) Rv. i. 137, 1
iii. 32, 2
viii. 2,
10, etc.
45) Rv. i. 5, 5
30, 2
viii. 2, 9,
etc.
46) Cf. Rv. viii. 2, 5. 9. 10, 28, etc.
The Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā, iv. 7, 4, dis-
approves of the unmixed Soma. Pos-
sibly Hillebrandt, 1, 207, 208, may be
right in thinking that the Kāṇvas had
to lay special stress on the use of the
mixtures, because they used a plant
which was deficient in the true Soma
character.
47) Rv. ix. 33, 2
63, 4. 6.
48) Rv. ix. 3, 9
7, 6
65, 8. 12. 25,
etc.
49) Rv. ix. 40, 2
45, 3
aruṣa, ix. 61,
21
śoṇa, ix. 97, 13.
50) ix. 97, 19
107, 2.
51) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, iv. 1, 3, 6.
This passage has been relied on by
Eggeling, op. cit., 26, xxv, as a con-
firmation of the later description, in
a medical work, of the plant as ill-
smelling. But this plant may have
been a different one from that used in
Vedic times. The smell may have
been due to a substitute being used, or
to the genuine plant, brought from a
distance, being old and withered.
52) Hillebrandt, 1, 219-222.
53) Ibid., 221.
54) Ibid., 222 et seq.
55) Rv. ix. 69, 4.
56) ix. 8, 6.
57) ix. 69, 5.
58) ix. 79, 5
86, 27.
59) Av. ix. 25, 4.
60) Rv. iv. 41, 8
ix. 16, 6.
61) Rv. iii. 48, 1
vi. 47, 1
ix. 97,
14. See also Sūda.
62) Rv. iii. 30, 1
ix. 46, 3
66, 23.
63) Rv. ix. 83, 5
97, 21, etc.
64) Rv. i. 23, 1
ii. 41, 14
v. 37, 4
vi. 47, 1, etc.
65) Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā, iv. 8, 5
Av.
ix. 6, 16, etc.
Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā,
xix. 72
citation in Nirukta, v. 12, etc.
Ṛjīṣa as an adjective occurs in Rv.
i. 32, 6, and ṛjīṣin in the Rigveda means,
according to Hillebrandt, 1, 236, 237,
generally ‘one to whom the Soma
shoots belong.’ Soma tiroahnya is ‘Soma
pressed the day before yesterday.’
66) Rv. ix. 103, 3. Cf. ix. 17, 8
ix. 86, 48
97, 11
109, 20.
67) See Surāma. Cf. Maitrāyaṇī Saṃ-
hitā, iv. 12, 5
Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā,
xxi. 42, and surā-somā, ibid., xxi. 60.
68) Yasna, x. 2.
69) Hillebrandt, 1, 257 et seq.
70) Rv. i. 110, 7
ii. 30, 7
v. 34,
3. 5
iv. 17, 17
25, 6. 7
v. 37, 3
vi. 41, 4
vii. 26, 1, etc. There were
also rivalries with other Soma sacri-
fices, Rv. ii. 18, 3
viii. 33, 14
66, 12, and
especially vii. 33, 2, where the Vasiṣṛhas
take away Indra from Pāśadyumna
Vāyata's Soma sacrifice to Sudās'.
Many famous Soma offerers are men-
tioned: Atri, v. 51, 8
72, 1
viii. 42, 5
Śāryāta, i. 51, 12
iii. 51, 7
Vājasaneyi
Saṃhitā, vii. 35
Śīṣṭas, viii. 53, 4,
etc.
Turvaśa Yadu, viii. 45, 27
Saṃvarta Kṛśa, viii. 54, 2
Nīpātithi,
Medhyātithi, Puṣṭigu, Śruṣṭigu, viii. 51,
1, etc. The ritual lays stress on the
need of continuity in Soma-drinking in
a family: Taittirīya Saṃhitā, ii. 1, 5,
5 et seq.
Maitrāvaṇī Saṃhitā, ii. 5, 5,
etc.
71) See s.v.
Hillebrandt, 1, 125-143.
It is possible that Soma may have
grown on the mountains to the north
of Madhyadeśa, whatever may have
been its original home, on which cf.
Roth, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgen-
ländischen Gesellschaft, 38, 134 et seq.
72) See Rv. viii. 48. It was equally
prized in Avestic times. It is, however,
seldom spoken of as giving the priests
pleasure: Rv. i. 91, 13
viii. 2, 12
x. 167, 3. There are many references
to sickness caused by it (Maitrāyaṇī
Saṃhitā, ii. 2, 13 etc.). The Sautrā-
maṇī was a rite designed to expiate the ill
caused by vomiting Soma as Indra had
done: Taittirīya Saṃhitā, ii. 3, 2, 5, 6
Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, v. 5, 4, 9
xii. 7,
1, 11. The name of the rite is already
found in Av. vii. 3, 2, and the rite
itself is no doubt older (see also Viṣū-
cikā). This fact tells in favour of the
traditional identification of the plant,
for the medical passage quoted by
Max Müller refers to its producing
vomiting. See also Zimmer, Altindisches
Leben, 275
Rv. i. 91, 13
118, 3
viii. 2, 12
17, 6
48, 12. Perhaps
Vamra in i. 112, 15, got his name
thence.
73) Rv. viii. 69, 8-10. Cf. viii. 31, 5
i. 28, 5
Hillebrandt, 1, 143-147. The
evidence is not decisive
the ordinary
Soma sacrifice was clearly a sacrifice
of rich patrons.
Cf. Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 272-
280
Hillebrandt, Vedische Mythologie,
1, 1-266
2, 209 et seq.
Macdonell,
Vedic Mythology, p. 104 et seq.
वाचस्पत्यम्
Sanskrit
चमू स्त्री चम--ऊ । सेनामात्रे (गजाः ७२९, रथाः ७२९अश्वाः २१८७, पदातयः ३६४५), एतत्संख्याभेदान्वितेसैन्यभेदे च अमरः । “अक्षौहिणीशब्दे ४६ पृ० दृश्यम् ।“रक्षाहेतोर्नवशशिभृता वासवीनां चमूनाम्” मेघ० ।आधारे ऊ । ३ चमसे स्त्री “द्रप्सा मधश्चमूषदः” ऋ० १ ।१४ । ४ । “चमूषदः चमसादिपात्रेषु अवस्थिताः” भा० ।४ द्यावापृथिव्योः द्वि० व० निघ०
Capeller
German
चमू॑
f.
 Boden der Somapresse, Schüssel,
Schale
Heer (von best. Größe).
Grassman
German
camū́, f., Schüssel, Schale, ursprünglich wol Trinkschale [von cam]
von dem Gefäss, in welches der Soma aus der Presse oder aber aus der Seihe abfliesst
häufig von einem Paar solcher Gefässe. — Adj. súpūrṇa.
-úi [L.] {917, 15}.
-ū́ [dass.] {405, 4}
{624, 4}
{685, 10}
{758, 3}
{819, 18}
{850, 1}.
-úā [d.] {289, 20} samīcī́.
-úos {28, 9}
{164, 33}
{314, 3}
{498, 2}
{748, 1}
{783, 1}
{784, 5}
{798, 47}
{808, 20}
{809, 2}. _{809, 48}
{815, 4}
{819, 10}
{820, 6}{820, 10}.
-vòs {808, 21}.
-úas [N. p.] {622, 8}.
-ū́ṣu {282, 4}
{691, 7}. _{691, 8}
{732, 6}
{774, 16}
{775, 2}
{804, 2}
{805, 3}
{809, 21}. _{809, 37}. _{809, 46}
{811, 6}. _{811, 8}.
437, 12.b: {820, 10} st. {820, 6}
camū́:
-úos {781, 5}.
Burnouf
French
चमू चमू
f.
 (चम्) le vase appelé चमस, Vd.
Corps d'armée
armée.
Stchoupak
French
चमू-
f.
 armée, division déterminée de l'armée.
°प- °पति-
m.
 chef de division.
°हर-
m.
 un des Viśve-deva.