कुरु (kuru)
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शब्दसागरः
Englishकुरु (-रुः)
1. Kuru or Uttara Kuru, the most northerly of the four
Maha Dwipas, or principal divisions of the known world, by other
systems it is considered as one of nine divisions of Varshas of the
same
in both cases it is the country beyond the northern-most
range of mountains, extending to the frozen ocean.
2. A proper
name, son of AGNIDHRA, and grandson of PRIYAVRATA.
3. A proper
name, a prince of the lunar race, son of SAMVARANA by TAPATI
sovereign of the north-west of India or the country about Dehli,
and ancestor of both PANDU and DHRITARASHTRA
the patrony-
mic however derived from his name is most usually applied to the
sons of the latter.
4. A holy place: see कुरुक्षेत्र.
5. Boiled rice.
6.
Pricklynightshade: see कण्टकारिका.
कृ to make, कु affix, and ऋ
becomes. उ.
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Spoken Sanskrit
Englishकुरु - kuru - - princess of the kuru race
कुरु - kuru - - medicinal nightshade [ Solanum Jacquini - Bot. ]
कुरु - kuru - - boiled rice
धैर्यम् कुरु - dhairyam kuru - - Have courage
चायपानं कुरु - cAyapAnaM kuru - - Make some tea.
स्वकार्यं कुरु - svakAryaM kuru - expr. - Mind your own business!
एतत् तत्र कुरु - etat tatra kuru - - Do it there!
धाराखानं कुरु - dhArAkhAnaM kuru - - Take a shower!
अत्र विश्रामं कुरु - atra vizrAmaM kuru - sentence - Take rest here!
एतत् अधुनैव कुरु - etat adhunaiva kuru - - Do this now!
प्रातः भ्रमणं कुरु - prAtaH bhramaNaM kuru - - Take a walk in the morning.
मह्यं किञ्चित् चायं कुरु - mahyaM kiJcit cAyaM kuru - - Make a cup of tea for me.
Wilson
Englishकुरु
(-रुः)
1 Kuru or Uttara Kuru, the most northerly of the four Mahā
Dvīpas, or principal divisions of the known world
by other systems it is
considered as one of nine divisions or Varṣas of the same
in both cases it
is the country beyond the northern-most range of mountains, extending to the
frozen ocean.
2 A proper name, son of AGNĪDHRA, and grandson of PRIYAVRATA.
3 A proper name, a prince of the lunar race, son of SAṂVARAṆA by TAPATĪ
sovereign of the north-west of India or the country about Dehli, and
ancestor of both PĀṆḌU and DHṚTARĀṢṬRA
the patronymic however derived
from his name is most usually applied to the sons of the latter.
4 A holy place: see कुरुक्षेत्र.
5 Boiled rice.
6 Pricklynightshade: see कण्टकारिका.
कृ to make, कु affix, and ऋ becomes उ.
Apte
Englishकुरुः [kuruḥ], (pl. )
of a country situated in the north of India about the site of the modern Delhi
श्रियः कुरूणा- मधिपस्य पालनीम् 1.1
चिराय तस्मिन् कुरवश्चकासति 1.17.
The kings of this country.
रुः A priest.
Boiled rice. -क्षेत्रम् of an extensive plain near Delhi, the scene of the great war between the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas
धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः 1.1
2.19. -क्षेत्रियोगः a solar day in the course of which three lunar days, three asterisms and three yogas occur. The yoga is indicative of death
पञ्चग्रहयुते मृत्यौ लग्नसंस्थे बृहस्पतौ । सौम्यक्षेत्रगते लग्ने कुरुक्षेत्रे मृति- र्भवेत् ॥ -चिल्लः a crab. -जाङ्गलम् कुरुक्षेत्र q. v. -नन्दनः epithet of Arjuna
2.41
6.43. -पञ्चालाः of a country
कुरुपञ्चालानां ब्राह्मणाः Bṛi. 3.9.19. -बिल्वः a ruby. -राज्
राजः an epithet of Duryodhana. स्वस्था भवन्तु कुरुराजसुताः सभृत्याः 1.7.
of Yudhi- ṣṭhira
कस्यचित्त्वथ कालस्य कुरुराजो युधिष्ठिरः * 16.1.7.-विस्तः a weight of gold equal to about 7 Troy grains. -वृद्धः an epithet of Bhīṣma
तस्य संजनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः 1.12.
Apte 1890
Englishकुरुः (pl.) 1 N. of a country situated in the north of India about the site of the modern Delhi
श्रियः कुरूणामधिपस्य पालनीं Ki. 1. 1
चिराय तस्मिन् कुरवश्चकासते 1. 17.
2 The kings of this country.
रुः 1 A priest.
2 Boiled rice.
Comp.
क्षेत्रं N. of an extensive plain near Delhi, the scene of the great war between the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas
धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः Bg. 1. 1
Ms. 2. 19.
क्षेत्रियोगः a solar day in the course of which three lunar days, three asterisms and three yogas occur.
चिल्लः a crab.
जांगलं = कुरुक्षेत्र q. v.
राज् m.,
राजः an epithet of Duryodhana.
विस्तः a weight of gold equal to about 700 Troy grains.
वृद्धः an epithet of Bhīṣma.
Monier Williams Cologne
Englishकु॑रु of a people of India and of their country (situated near the country of the Pañcālas
hence often connected with Pañcāla or Pañcāla [see कुरु-पञ्च्° below] : the उत्तर-कुरवः, or उत्तराः कुरवः are the northern Kurus, the most northerly of the four Mahā-dvīpas or principal divisions of the known world [distinguished from the दक्षिणाः कुरवः or southern Kurus, i, 4346], by other systems regarded as one of the nine divisions or Varṣas of the same
it was probably a country beyond the most northern range of the Himālaya, often described as a country of everlasting happiness [AitBr.
], and considered by some to be the ancient home of the Āryan race)
of the ancestor of the Kurus (son of Saṃvaraṇa and Tapatī, daughter of the sun [MBh. i, 3738 ff.
1799 ]
Kuru is the ancestor of both Pāṇḍu and Dhṛta-rāṣṭra, though the patronymic derived from his name is usually applied only to the sons of the latter, the sons and descendants of the former being called Pāṇḍavas)
Monier Williams 1872
Englishकुरु कुरु, अवस्, m. pl. (said to be fr. 1. कृ),
N. of a people of India and their country, situated
near the country of the Pañcālas (hence often con-
nected with Pañcāla or Pāñcāla
see कुरु-पञ्चाल
below)
the Kurus derive their origin from Kuru (son
of Saṃvaraṇa and Tapatī, daughter of the Sun), who
is the ancestor of both Pāṇḍu and Dhṛta-rāṣṭra,
though the patronymic derived from his name is
usually applied only to the sons of the latter, the sons
and descendants of the former being called Pāṇḍavas
another Kuru is the son of Agnīdhra and grandson of
Priya-vrata. The उत्तर-कुरवः or उत्तराः कुर-
वः are the northern Kurus, the most northerly of the
four Mahā-dvīpas or principal divisions of the known
world (distinguished Mahā-bh. I. 4346. from the दक्-
षिणाः कुरवः or southern Kurus), by other sys-
tems regarded as one of nine divisions or Varṣas of
the same
it was probably a country beyond the most
northern range of the Himālaya, often described
as a country of everlasting happiness, and considered
by some to be the ancient home of the Āryan race.
कुरू, ऊस्, f. a princess of the Kuru race. According
to native lexicographers the word कुरु has also the
following meanings
a priest
boiled rice
the plant
Solanum Jacquini, = कण्टकारिक
[cf. कौरव,
कौरवक, कौरव्य।]
—कुरु-कत, आस्, m. pl.
the Kurus and Katas.
—कुरु-कन्दक, अम्, n.
horse-radish, Raphanus Sativus (= मूलक).
—कुरु-
कुरुक्षेत्र, अम्, n. the country of the Kurus and
Kurukṣetra.
—कुरु-क्षेत्र, अम्, n. the field of
the Kurus, N. of a region or extensive plain near
Delhi, the scene of the great battles between the
Kurus and Pāṇḍus
(आस्), m. pl. the inhabitants of
this country, renowned for their bravery.
—कुरु-
क्षेत्रिन्, ई, इणी, इ, with योग, a solar day, in the
course of which three lunar days, three asterisms and
three yogas occur.
—कुरु-चिल्ल, अस्, m. a crab
[cf.
कुरचिल्ल।]
—कुरु-जाङ्गल, अम्, n., N. of a
country
(आस्), m. pl., N. of the people inhabiting
it.
—कुरु-तीर्थ, अम्, n., N. of a Tīrtha.
—कुरु-
नदिका, f. according to native authorities, = कु-न-
दिका.
—कुरु-नन्दन, अस्, m. a descendant of
Kuru as Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, &c.
—कुरु-पञ्चाल,
आस्, m. pl. the Kurus and Pañcālas.
—कुरुपञ्चाल-
त्रा, ind., Ved. as among the Kurus and Pañcālas.
—कुरु-पथ, अस्, m., N. of a man (?)
[cf.
कौरुपथि।]
—कुरु-पुङ्गव, अस्, m. a Kuru
chief.
—कुरु-राज्, ट्, m. an epithet of Duryodhana.
—कुरु-राज, अस्, m. an epithet of Yudhiṣṭhira.
—कुरु-राज्य, अम्, n. the Kuru realm.
—कुरु-
वत्स, अस्, m., N. of a prince.
—कुरु-वर्णक, आस्,
m. pl., N. of a people
or perhaps (अस्, आ, अम्), be-
longing to the race of the Kurus.
—कुरु-वश, अस्,
m., N. of a prince.
—कुरु-वाजपेय, अस्, m. a
particular kind of Vājapeya.
—कुरु-विस्त, अस्, m. a
Pala of gold, a weight of gold equal to about 700
troy grains.
—कुरु-वृद्ध, अस्, m. an epithet of
Bhīṣma.
—कुरु-श्रवण, अस्, m., N. of a prince.
—कुरु-श्रेष्ठ or कुरु-सत्तम, अस्, m. an epi-
thet of Arjuna.
—कुरु-हार, अस् or अम् (?), m. or
n. (?), N. of an Agra-hāra.
Macdonell
EnglishBenfey
EnglishHindi
Hindiकरना
Apte Hindi
Hindiकुरुः
- कृ - कु उकारादेशः
वर्तमान दिल्ली के निकट भारत के उत्तर में स्थित एक देश
कुरुः
- कृ - कु उकारादेशः
इस देश के राजा
कुरुः
- कृ - कु उकारादेशः
पुरोहित
कुरुः
- कृ - कु उकारादेशः
भात
Shabdartha Kaustubha
Kannadaकुरु
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಚಂದ್ರವಂಶದ ಒಬ್ಬ ದೊರೆ /ಅಜಮೀಢರಾಜನ ಮೊಮ್ಮಗನಾದ ಸಂವರಣನ ಮಗ /ಧೃತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ ಮತ್ತು ಪಾಂಡು ಇವರ ಮೂಲಪುರುಷ
प्रयोगाः - > "योऽजमीडसुतस्त्वन्यः ऋक्षः संवरणस्ततः । तपत्यां सूर्यकन्यायां कुरुक्षेत्रपतिः कुरुः ॥"
उल्लेखाः - > भाग० ९-२२-३
कुरु
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಕುರುದೇಶ
निष्पत्तिः - > कुरु - "अण्" (४-२-६९) । अणो लुक् (४-२-८१)
व्युत्पत्तिः - > कुरूणां निवासो जनपदः कुरवः
प्रयोगाः - > "वितन्वति क्षेममदेवमातृकाश्चिराय तस्मिन् कुरश्चकासति"
उल्लेखाः - > किरा० १-१७
विस्तारः - > बहुवचनान्तं रूपम् ।
कुरु
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಕುರುದೇಶದ ದೊರೆಗಳು
प्रयोगाः - > "उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान् समवेतान् कुरूनिति"
उल्लेखाः - > गीता० १-२५
विस्तारः - > बहुवचनान्तं रूपम् ।
कुरु
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಕುರುದೇಶದ ಜನರು
विस्तारः - > बहुवचनान्तं रूपम् ।
कुरु
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಓದನ /ಅನ್ನ
विस्तारः - > "कुरुर्नृपान्तरे भक्ते पुमान् पुम्भूम्नि नीवृति" - मेदि० ।
कुरु
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಆಗ್ನೀಧ್ರರಾಜನ ಒಬ್ಬ ಮಗ
प्रयोगाः - > "जम्बुद्वीपेश्वरो यस्तु आग्नीध्रो मुनिसत्तम । तस्य पुत्रो बभूवुस्ते प्रजापतिसमा नव । नाभिः किं पुरुषश्चैव हरिवर्ष इलावृतः । रम्यो हिरण्वान् षष्ठश्च कुरुर्भद्राश्व एव च । केतुमालस्तथैवान्यः साधुचेष्टो नृपोऽभवत् ॥"
उल्लेखाः - > विष्णुपु०
विस्तारः - > बहुवचनान्तं रूपम् ।
कुरु
पदविभागः - > पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ಆಗ್ನೀಧ್ರರಾಜನ ಮಗ ಕುರುರಾಜನು ಆಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ಒಂದು ದೇಶ
प्रयोगाः - > "विजित्य यः प्राज्यमयच्छदुत्तरान् कुरूनकुप्यं वसुवासवोपमः"
उल्लेखाः - > किरा० १-३५
L R Vaidya
EnglishEdgerton Buddhist Hybrid
Englishkuru, nt. (= Skt. Lex. id.), boiled rice: Mv 〔i.28.10〕 (prose) asti kuru (v.l. kuruṃ
n. sg.) asti yvāgū. Senart em. to kūraṃ, which is Skt.
in 〔i.29.3〕 he reads kūro ti loke pretasmiṃ paśya yāva sudurlabhaṃ (note nt. adj.!), but mss. all kuro (except one karo)
perh. read kurū, kuruṃ, or even kuro with mss. (o for final u, favored by meter).
Lanman
EnglishSanskrit Tibetan
Tibetanku ru
कुरु
gyis shig
१) अस्तु २) आपादयिष्यथ ३) करिष्यथ ४) करिष्यन्ति ५) कुरु ६)
sgra ngan
कुरु
sgra mi yin
१) उत्तरकुरु २) कुरवः ३) कुरु ४) कौरव
sgra ngan
कुरु
byed chug
कुरु
Mahabharata
EnglishKuru^1, an ancient king, the son of Saṃvaraṇa and the ancestor of the Kurus. § 6 (Anukram.): I, 1, 225 (in Sañjaya's enumeration of deceased kings).--§ 136 (Yayātyup.): I, 75, 3126.--§ 154 (Pūruvaṃś.): I, 94, 3738 (son of Saṃvaraṇa and Tapatī).--§ 156 (do.): I, 95, ††3791 (do.), ††3792 (married the Daśārha princess Śubhāṅgī).--§ 222 (Tapatyup.): I, 173, 6633 (son of Saṃvaraṇa and Tapatī).--§ 409 (Plakshāvataraṇag.): III, 129, 10535 (Kuror vai yajñaśīlasya kshetram etad mahātmanaḥ, sc. Kurukshetra).--§ 615i (Saptasārasvata): IX, 38, 2211 (at the sacrifice of K. in Kurukshetra, the River Sarasvatī appeared there as the River Oghavatī).-§ 615kk (Kurukshetrak.): IX, 53, †3009 (rājarshivareṇa), 3010, 3011, 3013, 3021 (tilled Kurukshetra, regarding which he obtained boons from Indra).--§ 637 (Rājadh.): XII, 47, 1595.--§ 775 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 166, 7679. --§ 787 (Āśramavāsap.): XV, 10, 325 (º-Samvaraṇādīnāṃ).
Kuru^2 = Duryodhana: VII, 8647 (ºMādhavau, i.e. Duryodhana and Sātyaki).
Kuru^3 = Karṇa: VIII, 438 (error in C., B. has Karṇaº).
Kuru, pl. (ºavaḥ) (the descendants of Kuru or name of a people
very often it denotes only the sons of Dhṛtarāshṭra and their adherents as opposed to the sons of Pāṇḍu and their adherents): I, 13, †173, 282 (º-Pāṇḍavasenayoḥ), 298 (do.), 300 (ºvāhinīṃ), 334 (º-Pāṇḍavānāṃ), 349, 487, 488, 552 (ºmukhyānāṃ), 1705 (ºūṇām ayaśaskaraṃ, sc. Parikshit), 1762 (ºkulotpannaṃ Parīkshitaṃ), 1946 (parikshīṇeshu Kºshu sottarayām ajījanat, sc. Parikshit), 1950 (rājyaṃ Kºkulāgataṃ), 2224, 2228, 2230(?), 2234(?), 2237, 2283 (Mahābhāratam ākhyānaṃ Kºūṇāṃ caritaṃ), 2312 (ºūṇāṃ vaṃśaṃ), 2454, 2711 (Bhīshmaḥ Kºūṇām abhayaṅkaraḥ), 2722 (ºūṇām ayaśaskaraḥ, sc. Duryodhana), 2800, 3978 (Hāstinapure ramye Kºūṇāṃ puṭabhedane), 3985 (ºpatiśreshṭhe, sc. Śāntanu), 4078 (ºrājye), 4129, 4145 (ºpuṅgavāḥ), 4276 (do.), 4284 (ºūṇāṃ nṛpatiḥ), 4336, 4337, 4346 (uttaraiḥ Kurubhiḥ sārdhaṃ dakshiṇāḥ Kºas tathā|vispardhamānā vyacaraṃs tathā Devarshi-Cāraṇaiḥ), 4347, 4352 (ºmukhyānāṃ), 4380, 4446 (ºsattamān), 4453, 4455, 4462 (ºrāshṭraṃ
ºdhanāni), 4511, 4680 (ºūṇām ṛshabhaṃ, sc. Pāṇḍu), 4738, 4756, 4796, 4856 (ºsattamāḥ Pāṇḍuputrāḥ), 4930, 4959, 4965, 5001, 5006, 5095, 5100, 5176 (ºmukhyānāṃ nagaraṃ nāgasāhvayaṃ, i.e. Hāstinapura), 5206, 5209, 5211 (ºveśmani), 5246 (º-Pāṇḍavāḥ), 5357, 5500, 5536, 5539 (ºrāshṭraṃ), 5736, 5738 (ºpuṅgavāḥ), 5791 (do.), 6343 (ºmukhyānāṃ nagaraṃ nāgasāhvayaṃ, i.e. Hāstinapura
6500 (Dharmaṃ Vāyuñ ca Śakrañ ca vijanāmy Aśvinau tathā|Pāṇḍuñ ca…shaḍ etān Kºvardhanān), 6515 (ºūṇāṃ vaṃśavardhana, sc. Arjuna), 6527 (ºūnāṃ vṛshabhaḥ…Saṃvaraṇaḥ), 6562 (ºūṇāṃ kulakaraṃ, sc. Saṃvaraṇa), 6611 (do.), 6957, 7127 (ºpuṅgavāḥ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), 7135 (ºūṇām ṛshabha, sc. Yudhishṭhira), †7148 (ºpravīrān, sc. the Pāṇḍavas), †7151 (i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), 7164 (ºsattamānāṃ, do.), †7165 (ºpuṅgavān, do.), †7205 (ºpuṅgavāḥ, do.), †7206 (ºūttamānāṃ, do.), 7381, 7443, 7444 (ºūttamānāṃ), 7487, 7539, 7541 (ºvīrastriyaḥ), 7746, 8019 (º-Vṛshṇy-Andhakottamāḥ, = the Pāṇḍavas), 8020 (º-Vṛshṇayaḥ = do.), 8021 (do.), 8022 (ºsattamāḥ, = the Pāṇḍavas)
II, 261 (ºūṇām ṛshabhaḥ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), 518 (do.), 793, 1007 (ºūṇām ṛshabhaḥ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), 1365, 1632, 1794 (ºūṇāṃ pravaraḥ, i.e. Vidura), 1999, 2017(?), 2027 (ºpuṅgavāḥ), 2103, †2195, †2197, †2219 (= the Pāṇḍavas?), †2223, †2235 (ºvīramadhye), †2236, †2248, 2293, 2341, 2347, 2356, †2396, †2397, †2398, †2400, †2404 (ºpuṅgavānāṃ), 2419 (ºmadhye), 2446, 2508, †2525, 2532, 2589, 2616, 2642, 2643 (ºvṛddhānāṃ), 2652, 2688, 2706
III, 143 (ºūṇām ṛshabhaḥ…Yudhishṭhiraḥ), †227, 347, 355, 365, 522 (ºsaṃsadi), 607, †909 (ºūṇām ṛshabhaḥ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), †911 (ºūṇām adhipaḥ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), †946 (ṛshabhaḥ Kºūṇāṃ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), 997, 1011, 1063, 1339, †1364 (ºsaṃsadi), †1365, †1367, †1372, †2011, 4009, 8259 (Bhīshmaḥ Kºūṇāṃ pravaraḥ), †10268, †10269 (ºyodhapramukhyān), 10281 (ºūṇām ṛshabhaḥ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), †11394 (ºūṇāṃ pravaraṃ, sc. Bhīmasena), 11428 (ºpuṅgavāḥ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), 11631 (ºśreshṭhān, sc. Pāṇḍoḥ putrān), 11632 (ºūṇām ṛshabhaṃ Yudhishṭhiraṃ), 11824 (ºūṇāṃ kīrtivardhanaḥ, sc. Arjuna), †11913 (ºpuṅgavānāṃ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), †12327 (rājyaṃ Kºpuṅgavānāṃ), †12336 (patiḥ Kºūṇāṃ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), †12351 (vṛshabhāḥ Kºūṇāṃ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), †12358 (i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), †12563 (ºsattamān, do.), †12577, 13127 (ºūṇāṃ pravaro Yudhishṭhiraḥ), 13136, ††13249, 14651 (kathāḥ Kº-Yadūtthitāḥ), 14729 (ºstriyaḥ), †14769, 14782, 14885 (ºsainikāḥ), 15029, 15060 (ºdāreshu), †15660 (ºpravīraiḥ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), †15674, †15678 (ºpuṅgavānāṃ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), †15696 (do.), 17227 (ºsattamāḥ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), 17293 (ºūṇāṃ kīrtivardhana, sc. Bhīmasena)
IV, 11 (paritaḥ Kºūn), 212, 263 (Kṛshṇāṃ…Kºūṇām ekasundarīṃ), †284 (ºpuṅgavānāṃ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), 615, 646, 1029 (ºpuṅgavāḥ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), 1153, 1158, 1162, 1167, 1175, 1178, 1179, 1192, 1203, 1207, 1213, 1224 (Bhīshma-Droṇamukhān), 1227, 1229, 1230, 1231, 1234, 1240, 1241 (ºsainyaṃ), 1245, 1251, 1255, 1256, 1262, 1270, 1281, 1282, 1286, 1399, 1426, 1529, 1535, 1538, 1640, 1647 (ºpuṅgavāḥ), †1661 (ºpravīrāḥ), †1663 (ºsiṃhavṛndaṃ), 1667 (ºpuṅgavānāṃ), †1671, †1682, †1686, †1692 (pravaraḥ Kºūṇāṃ, sc. Arjuna), 1726 (ºsenāśarīrāṇi), 1728, 1765, 1772, 1779, 1783 (ºsenāyāḥ), 1784, 1787, 1913, 1926 (ºmadhye), 1930, 1954, 1969, 1972, 1979, 1980, 1985, 2029, 2047, 2054, †2112 (ºpuṅgavānāṃ), †2115 (ºpravīrāḥ), †2116, †2123 (do.), †2126, †2130 (ºpravīrān), †2131, †2134, †2135, 2136, 2137 (ºsainikāḥ), †2142, †2143, †2145, †2147, †2149 (ºūttamānāṃ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), †2152, †2159, 2166, 2170, 2176, 2178, 2179, 2180, 2198, 2239, 2243, 2250, 2252, 2275 (ºūṇām ṛshabho Dharmarājaḥ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), 2278, 2280, 2309
V, †1 (ºpravīrāḥ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), †30 (º-Pāṇḍavānāṃ), 92 (º-Pāṇḍushu), 97 (º-Pāṇḍūnāṃ), 103 (ºsiṃhānāṃ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), 105 (ºPāṇḍavakāraṇāt), 108, 583, 614 (ºpuṅgavāḥ), 616, 618, 638 (ºśreshṭhān), †676, †695, †703, †704, †713 (do.), †725, †730, †731, †733, †736 (º-Sṛñjayānāṃ), †745, †750, †753, †754, †756 (do.), †759, †760, †768, †839, †840, †844, †845, †846, †856, †857, †882 (pranetā Kºūṇāṃ, i.e. Bhīshma), †884 (śūratamaḥ Kºūṇāṃ…Duḥśāsanaḥ), †887 (arhattamaḥ Kºūṇāṃ Saumadattiḥ), †888 (ºmukhyāḥ), †893 (vṛndārakaṃ…Kurumadhyeshu amūḍhaṃ, sc. Yuyutsu), †905, †914, 919, 920, 926 (Viduraṃ…Kºūṇāṃ mantradhāriṇaṃ), 927, 928, 929, 930, 936, 937 (º-Pāñcālān), †959 (ºkshayaḥ), †960, †966, †969, †970, †1095, 1098, †1331, †1332 (ºkulaṃ), †1811, †1822, †1903, †1904, †1916, †1941, 1957, 1966, 1976 (ºsaṃsadi), 1977 (do.), 1980 (do.), 2003, 2024 (ºūṇām ṛshabho Vṛkodaraḥ, i.e. Bhīmasena), 2056, 2074, 2082, 2118, 2127 (sa-Jāṅgalāḥ), 2146, 2152, 2289 (sa-Bāhlīkān), 2298, 2302, 2322, 2362, 2366, 2379, 2380, 2381, †2424, 2493, 2660 (ºsaṃsadaṃ), 2662 (º-Sṛñjayān), 2663, 2668, 2671, 2686 (ºmukhyānāṃ), 2708, 2710, 2717, 2725, 2734, 2737, 2798, 2808, 2809, 2822, 2854 (ºmadhye), 2863, 2908, 2920, 2924, 2948, 2967 (Viduraṃ…Kºūṇāṃ mantradhāriṇaṃ), 2988, 3039 (ºsadma, i.e. Hāstinapura), 3075, 3120, 3122 (ºsaṃsadi), 3149 (śreshṭhaḥ Kºushu sarveshu, sc. Ajātaśatru, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), 3159, 3179, 3180, 3185, 3195, 3212 (ºmukhyānāṃ), 3239, 3246, 3247, 3271, 3272, 3274, 3315, 3316, 3323 (ºPāṇḍavān), †3326, †3327, 3328 (ºpārthivāḥ), 3337, 3344, 3354 (puraṃ Kºūṇāṃ, i.e. Hāstinapura), 3356, 3362, 3369, 3386, 3389, 3391, 3394, 3405 (º-Pāṇḍavaiḥ), 3414, 3450 (ºsaṃsadi), 3501, 3508, 4233 (do.), 4259, 4268 (do.), 4280 (do.), 4292 (ºvṛddhānāṃ), 4359, 4381 (ºsaṃsadi), 4450, 4452, 4454 (do.), 4458, 4459, 4646, 4647, 4666 (ºvīrāṇāṃ), 4669 (ºpuṅgavān), 4670, 4725 (ºvṛddhaye), 4836, 4842, 4885, 4892, 4893, 4925, 4966 (ºmukhyayoḥ, i.e. Bhīshma and Dhṛtarāshṭra
ºsaṃsadi), 4970, 5004 (rājā Kºūṇāṃ, sc. Pāṇḍu), 5005 (ºūṇāṃ vaṃśavardhanaḥ, i.e. Pāṇḍu), 5023, 5029, †5033 (rājyaṃ Kºūṇāṃ), †5039 (do.), 5042 (Somaḥ Prajāpatiḥ pūrvaṃ Kºūṇāṃ vaṃśavardhanaḥ), 5083 (ºsaṃsadi), 5095 (do.), 5098 (do.), 5194, 5380, 5391, 5393 (º-Pāṇḍavasenayoḥ), 5414, 5415, 5455 (ºsaṃsadi), †5510 (º-Madhyadeśyaiḥ), 5540 (ºvirāṇām), †5555 (º-Madhyadeśyaiḥ), 5600, 5610, †5652, 5749, 5821, 5844, 7227, 7586 (ºsaṃsadi)
VI, 2 (º-Pāṇḍava-Somakāḥ), 3 (do.), 27 (do.), 34 (do.), 46, 49 (ºūṇāṃ prapitāmahaḥ, i.e. Vyāsa), 79, 91, 120, 130, 346 (º-Pāñcālāḥ, among the peoples of Bhāratavarsha), 382, 508 (ºūṇām ṛshabho Bhīshmaḥ), 511 (do.), 547, 586 (º-Pāṇḍavasenayoḥ), 600, 611 (do.), 630 (º-Pāṇḍavāḥ), 653 (ºcamūpatiḥ, i.e. Bhīshma), 684, 704 (Duryodhanapurogamāḥ), 708, †745 (Dhārtarāshṭrāḥ), †747, 855, 1638, 1662 (º-Pāṇḍavasene te), 1671 (ºūṇāṃ Sṛñjayānāñ ca), 1759, 1804, 1868, 1892, 1897, 1979, 2074, 2120 (º-Pāṇḍavāḥ), 2379, †2592, †2602, †2614, †2617 (ºpravīrāḥ), †2618, †2639, †2640 (ºvīrayodhān), †2643, †2645, †2650, †2656, †2679 (º-Sṛñjayāḥ), 2713, 2809 (ºpuṅgavān), 2889, 3101, 3173, 3176, 3208 (ºsattamāḥ), 3237, 3247 (ºūṇāṃ kīrtivardhanaḥ, sc. Bhūriśravas), 3274, 3276, 3277 (º-Pāṇḍavāḥ), †3382, 3444, †3786, 3841, 3847, 3883 (º-Pāṇḍavasainikāḥ), 3958, 4325, 4401 (º-Pāṇḍavāḥ), 4402 (do.), 4430, 4725, 4743, 4766, 4878, 4894, 5004, 5054, 5336, 5337, 5340, 5376, 5501, 5635 (ºvīrāṇāṃ), 5646 (ºsainyānāṃ), 5651, 5676 (ºūṇāṃ śṛṅge Bhīshme), 5678, 5681, 5690, 5698 (ºūṇāṃ samitiñjaye, sc. Bhīshma), 5700, 5709, 5713, 5716, 5720, 5751, 5767 (º-Pāṇḍavāḥ), 5787 (Bhīshmaṃ Kºūṇām ṛshabhaṃ), 5789, 5830 (ºsaṃsadi)
VII, 10, 11, 13 (Devavrate…Kºūṇāṃ ṛshabhe, i.e. Bhīshma), 25 (ºvāhinī), 32, †52, †54, †58, †64, †66 (ºvṛshabhān, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), †73, †86, 100, 101, 102 (ºkshayaṃ), 103, 104, 125, 128, 131, 133, 187, 209 (º-Pāṇḍavasenānāṃ), 217, 415, 418, 428, 440 (ºūṇām ācāryaḥ, i.e. Droṇa), 484, 583, 591, 631 (º-Pāṇḍavāḥ), 662, 895 (º-Sṛñjayavāhinīṃ), 917, 944 (ºpuṅgavāḥ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), 979 (pure Kºūṇām Udayendunāmni), 1349, 1350, 1362 (ºvāhinīṃ), 1417, 1418, 1422, 1872 (ºūṇāṃ kīrtivardhanaṃ, sc. Vṛkshārakaṃ-Vṛndāº, B.), 1938 (ºūṇāṃ kīrtivardhanaḥ, sc. Dauḥśāsaniḥ), 2643, 2913, 3011, 3023 (º-Pāṇḍava-Sātvataiḥ), 3069, 3086, 3117, †3238 (ºpravīrān), 3488, 3542, 3576, 3744 (ºbalaśreshṭhāḥ), 3748, 3836, 3888 (?º-Pāṇḍavayor bale), 3899 (ºyodhavarāḥ), 3953, 3962 (ºūṇām ṛshabhe'rjune), 3965, 3966, 3968, 4217, 4251 (Dronaṃ Kºshu śreshṭhasammataṃ), 4335 (ºvīrābhirakshitāḥ), 4458, 4471, 4492, 4599 (ºpuṅgavāḥ), 4600, 4836, 4986, 5166, 5204 (Vṛndārakaṃ…Kºūṇāṃ kīrtivardhanaṃ), 5228, 5328 (ºsaṃsadi), 5330, 5551, 5569, 5630 (º-Pāṇḍavapravarāḥ), 5714 (sa-Kº-Sauvīra-Sindhuvīrabalakshayaṃ), 5768, †5836, 5863 (ºsainyāt), 5904 (º-Vṛshṇiyaśaskarau, i.e. Bhūriśravas and Sātyaki), 5906 (do.), 5924 (º-Sātvatapuṅgavau, = do.), 5945 (ºūṇāṃ kīrtivardhanaḥ, sc. Bhūriśravas), 6059 (ºsenāmahārathaiḥ), †6145, †6147, †6149 (ºpravīrān), 6191, 6311 (ºmukhyānāṃ), 6504, 6530, 6547, 6569 (º-Sṛñjayāḥ), 6612, 6694, 6826 (ºūṇāṃ vipule kule), †6958 (patiḥ Kºūṇāṃ, sc. Droṇa), 7039, 7233 (º-Vṛshṇiyaśaskarau, sc. Somadatta and Sātyaki), 7479, 7666 (ºpuṅgavāḥ), 7856 (ºsainyaṃ), 7863, 7864, 7951 (ºpuṅgavāḥ), 8026, †8135, †8154, †8156, †8162, †8177, 8305, 8374, 8389, 8457, 8460 (º-Pāṇḍuyodhāḥ), 8462, 8623, 8691, 8882, 8893, 8912, 8931, 9036, 9039, 9049 (ºsāgare), 9051, 9056 (ºūṇām abhayaṅkaraṃ, sc. Aśvatthāman), 9203 (ºPāṇḍavasenayoḥ), 9206, 9207, 9245
VIII, 14, 15, 92, 308, 829, 846 (-Pāñcāla-Pāṇḍushu), 918, 1008 (ºūṇāṃ kīrtivardhanau, i.e. Śrutakarman and Śatānīka), 1167, 1704, †1722, †1743, 1949 (ºvīrāṇāṃ), 2054 (ºsaṃsadi), 2062 (do.), 2084 (saha-Pāñcālāḥ, know the eternal religion-dharmaṃ), †2086 (º-Pāñcāladeśyāḥ), †2100, 2106 (º-Pāñcālāḥ), †2144, 2229 (ºpravīraiḥ), 2233, 2299, 2361, 2393, 2508, 2514, 2772, 2836, †2851 (º-Sṛñjayānāṃ), 2909 (º-Sṛñjayāḥ), 3068, 3081, 3218, †3346 (ºvīramadhye), †3358 (ºsainyeshu), †3361 (Ācāryaputraḥ pravīraḥ Kºūṇāṃ, i.e. Aśvatthāman), †3390, †3482, 3654, 3801, †3823, †3841, 3943, 4039, †4088 (ºpravīrāḥ), 4091, 4094, 4111, 4112, 4123, 4129, 4131, 4163, 4165, 4166, 4170, 4175, †4180, †4300 (ºpravīrāḥ), †4313, †4325, †4330, 4381, †4494 (º-Pāṇḍavānāṃ), †4502, (º-Pāṇḍavāśrayāḥ), †4566, †4590, †4591, †4608, †4619 (ºpravīrān
ṛshabhaḥ Kºūṇāṃ, i.e. Arjuna), †4620, †4621, †4622, †4624, †4628, †4637, †4786, †4816, †4823, †4834 (º-Sṛñjayānāṃ), †4905, †4921, †4958, 4964, 4976, 4977, 4979
IX, 1, 9 (º-Pāṇḍavasenayoḥ), 34, 42 (ºyoshitaḥ), 126, 392 (ºpuṅgavaiḥ), 402, 413, 444 (º-Sṛñjayaº), 466, 798, 825 (ºpuṅgavāḥ, i.e. the army of Yudhishṭhira
PCR. seems to read ºpuṅgavaṃ = Śalya), †881 (ṛshabhaṃ Kºūṇāṃ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), †904 (pravaraḥ Kºūṇāṃ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), †905, †931, 1096, 1192, 1193, 1223 (º-Pāṇḍavāḥ), 1441, 1562, 1646, 1656 (ºkshaye), 1786 (rājyaṃ Kºūṇāṃ), 1891, 1913, 1978, 1984, 1989, 3056, 3057 (ºsaṅkshayaṃ), 3256, 3326 (ºūṇām adhipaṃ, i.e. Duryodhana)
X, 29 (º-Pāṇḍavayeḥ kshayaṃ), 391 (º-Pāṇḍavasenayoḥ), 540 (do.), †568 (rājā Kºūṇāṃ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), 724 (parikshīṇeshu)
XI, 209 (ºūṇāṃ vaiśase), 275 (ºveśmasu), 286 (ºsaṅkshaye), 288 (do.), 360 (º-Pāṇḍavāḥ, but read ºpuṅgavāḥ (= the Pāṇḍavas) with PCR.), 375 (ºsaṅkshaye), 427 (ºūṇām avakartanaṃ), 436 (ºstriyaḥ), 441 (Pāñcāla-Kºyoshāṇāṃ), 443 (ºūṇāṃ vaiśasaṃ), 452, 470 (ºstriyaḥ), 471 (ºyoshitāṃ), 659, 660 (ºūṇāṃ dvijasattamaṃ Droṇaṃ), 663, 680 (ºsaṅkrandanaṃ), 746, 748 (º-Pāṇḍavāḥ), 802 (ºstriyaḥ), 822
XII, 160, 176, 1382, 1384 (ºstriyaḥ), 1967, 2866 (ºūṇāṃ rājā, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), 6264 (ºūṇāṃ prītivardhanaḥ, i.e. Bhīshma), 8428 (ºūṇāṃ vara, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), 13554 (º-Pāṇḍavayoḥ), 13680 (Bhāratāḥ)
XIII, 371 (ºpuṅgavāḥ), 2245 (ºūṇāṃ vaṃśavardhana, i.e. Bhīshma), 2929, †3692 (rājyaṃ Kºūṇāṃ), 6930, 7155, 7777 (ºūdvahāḥ
ºūttamāḥ), 7782 (ºvṛddhānāṃ)
XIV, 369 (Bhīshma-Karṇapurogānāṃ), †404 (ºūṇām adhipaḥ, i.e. Yudhishṭhira), 1484 (ºsāgaraṃ), 1534 (ºrāshṭravardhanān), 1545 (º-Pāṇḍavasadma), 1556 (ºpuṅgavāḥ), 1558 (ºśreshṭhāḥ), 1583, 1777 (ºvīrāṇāṃ), 1782, 1834 (ºyoshitaḥ), 1866, 1875, 1966 (parikshīṇeshu), 2053 (dakshiṇottarān), 2079 (ºvīrāṇāṃ), 2178 (ºūṇām ṛshabhaḥ, i.e. Arjuna), 2351, 2586, 2600, 2601, 2605 (ºyoshitaḥ)
XV, 76 (ºkshayaḥ), 273, 329, 331, 337 (ºśreshṭhāḥ), 485, 489 (only C.), 505 (ºstriyaḥ), 631 (ºpuṅgavāḥ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas), 637 (ºmukhyānāṃ), 659 (ºstriyaḥ), 873 (º-Pāṇḍavasenayoḥ), 895, 896, 906
XVI, †106, †107, †123 (ºkshayaṃ), 133
XVII, 38 (ºśreshthāḥ, i.e. the Pāṇḍavas)
XVIII, 125 (ºpuṅgavāḥ), 177. Cf. Kaurava, pl., Kurūdvaha, pl., Kurujāṅgala, pl., Kurukula, Kuruvaṃśa, and Uttarāḥ Kuravaḥ.
पुराणम्
Englishकुरु १ / KURU I. A King called kuru was born in Dhruva's dynasty.
Genealogy. Descended from viṣṇu thus: brahmā-- svāyambhuva manu--uttānapāda--dhruva--śiṣṭi-ripu--cākṣuṣa (cākṣuṣa manu)--kuru.
King kuru was the grandfather of the reputed vena and the great grandfather of emperor pṛthu. aṅga was the father of vena. Not much is said about this kuru in the Purāṇas. kuru had ten brothers called puru, ūru, śatadyumna, tapasvī, satyavāk, śuci, Agniṣṭhu, adhiratha, sudyumna and abhimanyu. kuru had by his wife ātreyī seven sons called aṅga, sumanas svāti, kratu, aṅgiras, gaya and śibi, and to aṅga was born by his wife sunīthā the son, who became reputed as vena. pṛthu was Vena's son. pṛthu had five sons called antardhāna, vādī, sūta, Māgadha, Pālita. To antardhāna was born of his wife śikhaṇḍinī a son called havirdhāna, to whom were born by his wife dhiṣaṇā six sons called prācīnabarhis, śukra, gaya, kṛṣṇa, Vṛaja and ajina. The above is the only information available about this kuru dynasty in the Purāṇas. (viṣṇu purāṇa, Part 1, Chapter 13),
कुरु २ / KURU II. Two sons, i.e. uttānapāda and priyavrata were born to svāyambhuva manu of his wife śatarūpā. One King kuru born in the dynasty of uttānapāda has been referred to above, i.e. kuru I. Another King kuru is noticed in Priyavrata's dynasty. To priyavrata were born of his wife barhiṣmatī fourteen sons called agnīdhra, idhmajihva, yajñabāhu, mahāvīra, ghṛtapṛṣṭha, Sava, Hiraṇyaretā, medhātithi, vītihotra, kavi, Ūrjaspati, uttama, tāmasa and raivata. To agnīdhra by his wife pūrvacitti were born nine sons called Nābhi, kimpuruṣa, hari, ilāvṛta, ramyaka, hiraṇmaya, kuru, Bhadrāsva and ketumāla. One King kuru appears among them
but nothing more than the fact that he married a woman called nārī is known about him. (viṣṇu purāṇa).
कुरु ३ / KURU III. A King, the brother of rantideva. (See under rantideva).
कुरु ४ / KURU IV .1) Genealogy and birth. The very famous King kuru was born in the puru dynasty. His genealogy is given hereunder. Descended from viṣṇu thus: BrahmāAtri-candra-budha-purūravas-āyus-NahuṣaYayāti-puru-janamejaya-prācinvān-PravīraNamasyu-vītabhaya-śuṇḍu-bahuvidha-SaṁyātiRahovādī-raudrāśva-matināra-SanturodhaDuṣyanta-bharata-suhotra-suhotā-Gala-GardaSuketu-bṛhatkṣatra-hasti-ajamīḍha-ṚkṣaSaṁvaraṇa-kuru.
To kuru were born four sons called parīkṣit, sudhanus, jahnu and Niṣadhāśva. The genealogy of the kuru Kings is as follows: sudhanus-cyavana-KṛtiUparicaravasu-bṛhadratha-Kuśāgraja-ṚṣabhaPuṣpavān-juhu.
jarāsandha was another son of bṛhadratha. jarāsandha had four sons called soma, sahadeva, Turya and Śrutaśru. From jahnu, the following sons were born:--suratha-viḍūratha-sārvabhauma-jayatsena, -Ravīya-bhāvuka-cakroddhata-DevātithiṚkṣa-bhīma and Pratīca. Pratīca had three sons called devāpi, śantanu and bālhīka. śantanu is known as mahābhiṣak also. dhṛtarāṣṭra and pāṇḍu were the successors of śantanu, and they came to be known as kauravas also as they belonged to the dynasty of kuru. But, since the sons of pāṇḍu were born of devas they may not be called kauravas. 2) Other Information. (1) kurukṣetra became holy and sanctified on account of Kuru's tapas. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 94, Verse 80).(ii) While kuru was once ploughing a land in kurukṣetra indra appeared there, and they had a talk. (śalya Parva, Chapter 53 Verse 6).(iii) While kuru was once performing a yajña at kurukṣetra, the river sarasvatī went there under the name sureṇu (oghavatī) and watered the land. (śalya Parva, Chapter 38, Verses 26 and 27).
कुरु ५ / KURU V. One of the sages who visited bhīṣma on his bed of arrows. (śānti Parva, Chapter 47, Verse 8).
कुरु ६ / KURU VI. A son born to saṁvaraṇa of tapatī. The boy, following his naming and other consecratory rites, grew up like fire in which was offered havis (ghee). At the age of ten he became omniscient. At the age of sixteen he married Saudāminī, daughter of Sudāman. (vāmana purāṇa, Chapter 21).
कुरुजांगलम् / KURUJĀṄGALAM (kuru). A kingdom in ancient india of which hastināpura was the capital. This kingdom acquired the name Kurujāṅgala from kuru. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 94, Verse 49).
Vedic Reference
EnglishKuru. — The Kurus appear as by far the most important
people in the Brāhmaṇa literature. There is clear evidence
that it was in the country of the Kurus, or the allied Kuru-
Pañcālas, that the great Brāhmaṇas were composed.^1 The
Kurus are comparatively seldom mentioned alone, their name
being usually coupled with that of the Pañcālas on account of
the intimate connexion of the two peoples. The Kuru-Pañcālas
are often expressly referred to as a united nation.^2 In the land
of the Kuru-Pañcālas speech is said to have its particular
home
^3 the mode of sacrifice among the Kuru-Pañcālas is
proclaimed to be the best
^4 the Kuru-Pañcāla kings perform
the Rājasūya or royal sacrifice
^5 their princes march forth on
raids in the dewy season, and return in the hot season.^6 Later
on the Kuru-Pañcāla Brahmins are famous in the Upaniṣads.^7
Weber^8 and Grierson^9 have sought to find traces in Vedic
literature of a breach between the two tribes, the latter scholar
seeing therein a confirmation of the theory that the Kurus
belonged to the later stream of immigrants into India, who
were specially Brahminical, as opposed to the Pañcālas, who
were anti-Brahminical. In support of this view, Weber refers
to the story in the Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā^10 of a dispute between
Vaka Dālbhya and Dhṛtarāṣṭra Vaicitravīrya, the former
being held to be by origin a Pañcāla, while the latter is held
to be a Kuru. But there is no trace of a quarrel between
Kurus and Pañcālas in the passage in question, which merely
preserves the record of a dispute on a ritual matter between a
priest and a prince: the same passage refers to the Naimiṣīya
sacrifice among the Kuru-Pañcālas, and emphasizes the close
connexion of the two peoples.^11 Secondly, Weber conjectures
in the Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā.^12 that Subhadrikā of Kāmpila was
the chief queen of the king of a tribe living in the neighbour-
hood of the clan, for whose king the horse sacrifice described
in the Saṃhitā was performed. But the interpretation of this
passage by Weber is open to grave doubt
^13 and in the Kāṇva
recension of the Saṃhitā^14 a passage used at the Rājasūya
shows that the Kuru-Pañcālas had actually one king. More-
over, there is the evidence of the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa^15 that
the old name of the Pañcālas was Krivi. This word looks very
like a variant of Kuru, and Zimmer^16 plausibly conjectures that
the Kurus and Krivis formed the Vaikarṇa^17 of the Rigveda,
especially as both peoples are found about the Sindhu and the
Asiknī.^18
The Kurus alone are chiefly mentioned in connexion with
the locality which they occupied, Kurukṣetra, We are told,
however, of a domestic priest (Purohita) in the service of both
the Kurus and the Sṛñjayas, ^19 who must therefore at one time
have been closely connected.^20 In the Chāndogya Upaniṣad
reference is made to the Kurus being saved by a mare (aśvā), ^21
and to some disaster which befel them owing to a hailstorm.^22
In the Sūtras, again, a ceremony (Vājapeya) of the Kurus is
mentioned.^23 There also a curse, which was pronounced on them
and led to their being driven from Kurukṣetra, is alluded to.^24
This possibly adumbrates the misfortunes of the Kauravas in
the epic tradition.
In the Rigveda the Kurus do not appear under that name as
a people. But mention is made of a prince, Kuruśravaṇa
(‘Glory of the Kurus’), ^25 and of a Pākasthāman Kaurayāṇa.^26
In the Atharvaveda^27 there occurs as a king of the Kurus
Parikṣit, whose son, Janamejaya, is mentioned in the Śata-
patha Brāhmaṇa^28 as one of the great performers of the horse
sacrifice.
It is a probable conjecture of Oldenberg's^29 that the Kuru
people, as known later, included some of the tribes referred to
by other names in the Rigveda. Kuruśravaṇa, shown by his
name to be connected with the Kurus, is in the Rigveda called
Trāsadasyava, ‘descendant of Trasadasyu, ’ who is well known
as a king of the Pūrus. Moreover, it is likely that the Tṛtsu-
Bharatas, who appear in the Rigveda as enemies of the Pūtus,
later coalesced with them to form the Kuru people.^30 Since the
Bharatas appear so prominently in the Brāhmaṇa texts as a
great people of the past, while the later literature ignores them
in its list of nations, it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that
they became merged in some other tribe. Moreover, there is
evidence that the Bharatas occupied the territory in which the
Kurus were later found. Two of them are spoken of in a hymn
of the Rigveda^31 as having kindled fire on the Dṛṣadvatī, the
Āpayā, and the Sarasvatī — that is to say, in the sacred places
of the later Kurukṣetra. Similarly, the goddess Bhāratī
(‘belonging to the Bharatas’) is constantly mentioned in the
Āprī (‘propitiatory’) hymns together with Sarasvatī.^32 Again,
according to the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, one Bharata king was
victorious over the Kāśis, ^33 and another made offerings to
Gaṅgā and Yamunā, ^34 while raids of the Bharatas against the
Satvants are mentioned in the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa.^35 Nor is it
without importance that the Bharatas appear as a variant for
the Kuru Pañcālas in a passage of the Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, ^36
and that in the list of the great performers of the horse sacrifice
the names of one Kuru and two Bharata princes are given
without any mention of the people over which they ruled,
while in other cases that information is specifically given.^37
The territory of the Kuru-Pañcālas is declared in the Aitareya
Brāhmaṇa to be the middle country (Madhyadeśa).^38 A group
of the Kuru people still remained further north — the Uttara
Kurus beyond the Himālaya. It appears from a passage of
the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa that the speech of the Northerners —
that is, presumably, the Northern Kurus — and of the Kuru-
Pañcālas was similar, and regarded as specially pure.^39 There
seems little doubt that the Brahminical culture was developed
in the country of the Kuru-Pañcālas, and that it spread thence
east, south, and west. Traces of this are seen in the Vrātya
Stomas (sacrifices for the admission of non-Brahminical
Āryans) of the Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, ^40 and in the fact that in
the Śāṅkhāyana Āraṇyaka it is unusual for a Brahmin to dwell
in the territory of Magadha.^41 The repeated mention of Kuru-
Pañcāla Brahmins is another indication of their missionary
activity.^42
The geographical position of the Kuru-Pañcālas renders it
probable that they were later immigrants into India than the
Kosala-Videha or the Kāśis, ^43 who must have been pushed
into their more eastward territories by a new wave of Āryan
settlers from the west. But there is no evidence in Vedic
literature to show in what relation of time the immigration of
the latter peoples stood to that of their neighbours on the west.
It has, however, been conjectured, ^44 mainly on the ground of
later linguistic phenomena, which have no cogency for the
Vedic period, that the Kurus were later immigrants, who,
coming by a new route, thrust themselves between the original
Āryan tribes which were already in occupation of the country
from east to west. Cf. also Kṛtvan. For other Kuru princes
see Kauravya.
1) For the Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa,
Cf. Hopkins, Transactions of the Con-
necticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 15,
49, 50, with Weber, Indian Literature,
67, 68
for the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa and
the Śāṅkhāyana Brāhmaṇa, Weber,
loc. cit., 45
for the Aitareya and
Sāṅkhāyana Āraṇyakas, Keith, Journal
of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1908, 387
for the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, Weber,
loc. cit., 132, Transactions of the Bcrlin
Academy, 1895, 859. The Jaiminīya
Brāhmaṇa refers repeatedly to the
Kuru-Pañcālas, whose name also occurs
in the late and confused Gopatha
Brāhmaṇa. For the Taittirīya Brāh-
maṇa, see i. 8, 4, 1. 2, and for the
Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā, iv. 2, 6.
2) Jaiminīya Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa, iii.
7, 6
8, 7
iv. 7, 2
Kauṣītaki Upani-
ṣad, iv. 1
Gopatha Brāhmaṇa, 1. 2, 9
Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā, x. 6
Vājasaneyi
Saṃhitā, xi. 3, 3 (Kāṇva recension).
3) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, iii. 2, 3,
15.
4) Ibid., i. 7, 2, 8
cf. Kuru-vājapeya in
Sāṅkhāyana Śrauta Sūtra, xv. 3, 15
Lāṭyāyana Śrauta Sūtra, viii. 11, 18.
5) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, v. 5, 2, 3. 5.
6) Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, 1. 8, 4. 1, 2.
7) Jaiminīya Brāhmaṇa, ii. 78
Jaimi-
nīya Upaniṣad Brāhmaṇa, iii. 30, 6
iv. 6, 2
Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad,
iii. 1, 1
9, 20, etc.
8) Indische Studien, 3, 470
Indian
Literature, 114.
9) Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society,
1908, 602-607
837-844.
10) x. 6. Cf. Eggeling, Sacred Books
of the East, 12, xli.
11) See Keith, Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society, 1908, 831-836
1138-
1142.
12) xxiii. 18.
13) Eggeling. Sacred Books of the East,
44, 322.
14) xi. 3, 3. Cf. Weber, Indian Litera-
ture, 114, note *.
15) xiii. 5, 4, 7.
16) Altindisches Leben, 103.
17) vii. 18, 11.
18) Keith, loc. cit., 835.
19) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, ii. 4, 4, 5.
20) Cf. Weber, Indian Literature, 123.
21) iv. 17, 9: for aśvā Böhtlingk in
his edition reads akṣṇā, followed by
Little, Grammatical Index, 1.
22) i. 10, 1.
23) Śāṅkhāyana Śrauta Sūtra, xv. 3,
15.
24) Ibid., xv. 16, 11. Cf. Weber,
Indian Literathre, 136.
25) Rv. x. 33, 4.
26) Rv. viii. 3, 21.
27) xx. 127, 7 et seq.
Khila, v. 10.
28) xiii. 5, 4.
29) Buddha, 403, 404.
30) Ibid., 406-409.
31) iii. 23.
32) Cf. Scheftelowitz, Die Apokṛyphen
des Ṛgveda, 145.
33) xiii. 5, 4, 11.
34) Ibid., 21.
35) Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, ii. 25 (cf.
Haug's edition, 2, 128, n. 3)
Olden-
berg, Buddha, 407, note*.
36) xi. 3, 3. See note 14
Oldenberg,
Buddha, 408, 409.
37) Oldenberg, 409, note*.
38) viii. 14. Cf. Oldenberg, 392, 393.
39) iii. 2, 3, 15. This is the sense
which it appears to bear, as the Kuru-
Pañcālas can bardly be reckoned as
being northerly (Oldenberg, 395), and
the Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa, vii. 6 (Indische
Studien, 2, 309) in independent evidence
for the puro speech of the north.
Cf. Eggeeling Sacred Books of the East,
12. xiii. Weber, Indian Literature,
45
Indische Studien, 1, 191.
40) xvii. 1, 1. See also Av. xv. with
Whitney's and Lanman notes
Weber,
Ind the Studien, 1, 33 et seq.
Indian
Literature, 67, 78, 80.
41) vii. 13. Cf. Oldenberg, Buddha,
400, note*
Weber, Indian Literature,
112, n. 126.
42) See e.g. Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, xi.
4, 1, 2, and note 6.
43) This is recognized, e.g., by Olden-
berg, Buddha, 9, 391, 398, 399
Lanman,
Sanskrit Keader, 297, etc. The narra-
tive of the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, i. 4,
1, 10 et seq. (Weber, Indische Studien,
1, 170), rather implies that the Kosala-
Videhas are offshoots of the Kuru-
Pañcālas, but Oldenberg and Mac-
donell (Sanskrit Literature, 214 interpret
this as referring to the spread of
Vedic tradition and culture, not of
nationality.
44) Cf. Grierson, Languages of India, 52
et seq.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society,
1908, 837 et seq. On the other hand, it is
probably an error to assume that the
Bharatas were originally situated far
west of Kurukṣetra, and that the main
action of the Rigveda was confined to
the Panjab. When Vasiṣṭha celebrates
the crossing of the Vipāś and Śutudrī
(Rv. iii. 33), he probably came from
the east, as Pischel, Vedische Studien,
2, 218, points out, and not from the
west. Adopting the ordinary view,
Hopkins, India, Old and New, 52, finds
it necessary to suggest that Yamunā is
only another name in the Rv. for
the Paruṣṇī. But the necessity for
this suggestion, which is not in itself
plausible, disappears when it is realized
that the Bharatas held a territory
roughly corresponding to Kurukṣetra,
and bounded on the east by the
Yamunā. On the other hand, Hille-
brandt, Vedische Mythologie, 1, 142, 143.
places the Kurus near the Ārjīkīyā in
Kaśmīr, which puts them too far north.
So also Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 103,
and Eggeling, Sacred Books of the East,
12, xlii. It seems probable that the
Kurus were at a very early period
widely scattered to the north of the
Himālaya, in Kurukṣetra, and about
the Sindhu and Asiknī.
Cf. Oldenberg, Buddha, 400 et seq.
Macdonell, Sanskrit Literature, 152-157
von Schroeder, Indiens Literature und
Cultur, 164 et seq.
Weber, Indische
Studien, 1, 187 et seq.
Indian Literature,
114, 135, 136
Rhys Davids, Buddhist
India, 27
Pargiter, Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society, 1908, 333 et seq.
Hopkins,
Journal of the American Oriental Society,
13, 205, n.
Kuru-śravaṇa Trāsadasyava is alluded to as dead in a hymn
of the Rigveda, ^1 which refers also to his son Upamaśravas, and
his father Mitrātithi. In another hymn^2 he is mentioned as
still alive. His name connects him on the one hand with the
Kurus, and on the other with Trasadasyu and the Pūrus.
1) x. 33, 4. Cf. Bṛhaddevatā, vii. 35,
36.
2) x. 32, 9. Cf. Ludwig, Translation
of the Rigveda, 3, 165: Geldner,
Vediscke Studien, 2, 150, 184
Lanman,
Sanskrit Reader, 386.
शब्दकल्पद्रुमः
Sanskritकुरुः, (कृ + “कृग्रोरुच्च” । उणां १ । २५ । इतिकुः उच्च ।) आग्नीध्रराजपुत्त्रः । स तु प्रियव्रत-राजपौत्त्रः । (स्वायम्भुवमनोः प्रपौत्त्रः उत्तरकुरु-राज्यं प्राप्तवांश्च । तत्रत्या नदी च भद्रेति नाम्नाविश्रुता । यथा विष्णुपुराणे । २ । १ । १६-२२ ।“जम्बुद्वीपेश्वरो यस्तु आग्नीध्रो मुनिसत्तम ! ।तस्य पुत्त्रा बभूवुस्ते प्रजापतिसमा नव ॥
नाभिः किम्पुरुषश्चैव हरिवर्ष इलावृतः ।रम्यो हिरण्वान् षष्ठश्च कुरुर्भद्राश्व एव च ॥
केतुमालस्तथैवान्यः साधुचेष्टो नृपोऽभवत् ।जम्बुद्वीपविभागांश्च तेषां विप्र ! निशामय ॥
पित्रा दत्तं हिमाह्वन्तु वर्षं नाभेस्त दक्षिणम् ।हेमकूटं तथा वर्षं ददौ किम्पुरुषाय सः ॥
तृतीयं नैषधं वर्षं हरिवर्षाय दत्तवान् ।इलावृताय प्रददौ मेरुर्यत्र तु मध्यगः ॥
नीलाचलाश्रितं वर्षं रम्याय प्रददौ पिता ।श्वेतं तदुत्तरं वर्षं पित्रा दत्तं हिरण्वते ॥
यदुत्तरं शृङ्गवतो वर्षं तत्कुरवे ददौ ।मेरोः पूर्व्वेण यद्वर्षं भद्राश्वाय प्रदत्तवान्” ॥
वैवस्वतमनुवंश्यश्चन्द्रवंशीयराजविशेषः । स तुसम्बरणराजभार्य्यायां सूर्य्यकन्यायां तपत्यां जातः ।अयमेव कुरुक्षेत्रपतिः । धार्त्तराष्ट्रपाण्डवानांपूर्व्वपुरुषः । यथा, --“योऽजमीढसुतस्त्वन्य ऋक्षः सम्बरणस्ततः ।तपत्यां सूर्य्यकन्यायां कुरुक्षेत्रपतिः कुरुः ॥
परीक्षित् सधनुर्जह्नुर्निषधाश्वः कुरोः सुताः” ॥
इति श्रीभागवते । ९ । २२ । ४ ॥
) भक्तम् । देशविशेषः ।इति मेदिनी ॥
स तु जम्बुद्वीपस्य नववर्षान्तर्गत-वर्षविशेषः । इति ज्योतिषम् ॥
तद्देशवासी । तत्रबहुवचनान्तः । (यथा गीतायाम् १ । २५ ।“उवाच पार्थ ! पश्यैतान् समवेतान् कुरूनिति” ॥
)कण्टकारिका । इति शब्दचन्द्रिका ॥
वाचस्पत्यम्
Sanskritकुरु कृ--क उच्च । १ चन्द्रवंश्ये आजमीढनृपप्रपौत्रे १ राज-भेदे “योऽजमीढसुतस्त्वन्य ऋक्षः संवरणस्ततः । तपत्यांसूर्य्यकन्यायां कुरुक्षेत्रपतिः कुरुः । परीक्षित् सध-मुर्जह्नुर्निषधश्च कुरोः सुताः” भाग० ९, २२, ३, यथा चतस्य तपत्यामुद्भयः तथोक्तं भा० आ० १३४ अ०“एवमासीन् महाभागा तपती नाम पौर्व्विकी । तववैवस्वती पार्थ! तापत्यस्त्वं यया मतः । तस्यां सञ्जनयामासकुरु संवरणो नृपः । तपत्यां तपतां श्रेष्ठ! तापत्यस्त्वं”ततोऽर्ज्जुन!” । कुरोर्निवासः जनपदे अणोलुप् लुपिव्यक्तिवद्वचनता । २ तदीयनिवासदेशभेदे भूम्नि । “कु-रून् स्वपिति” सि० कौ० । स च देशः वृह० स० १४ अ०कूर्म्मविभागे “साकेतकुरुकालकोटिकुकुराश्च पारि-पात्रनगः । औदुम्बरकापिष्ठलगजाह्वयाश्चेति मध्यमि-दम्” मध्यस्थतयोक्तं तत्सीमादि च “हस्तिनापुरमा-रभ्य कुरुक्षेत्रस्य दक्षिणे । पञ्चालपूर्व्वभागे तु कुरुदेशःप्रकीर्त्तितः, इति शक्तिसङ्कमतन्त्रे उक्तम् । “आ मत्स्येभ्य-कुरुपाञ्चालदेश्याः” भा० क० २०८ श्लोकः । तेषां राजनि अणबहुषु तस्य लुक् । ३ तद्देशराजे भृस्नि “कुरूणां सृञ्ज-यानाञ्च पुरोहित आस” शत० व्रा० २, ५, “उवाच पार्थ ।पश्यैतान् समवेतान् कुरूनिति” गीता । “श्रियः कुरूणाम-धिपस्य पालनीम्” किरा० तस्येदम् अण् । कौरव तदपत्येपुंस्त्री “ऋक्षात् स वरणो जज्ञे कुरुः संवरणात्तथा ।यः प्रयागमतिक्रस्य कुरुक्षेत्रञ्चकार ह । पुण्यञ्च रमणो-यञ्च पुण्यकृद्भिर्निषेवितम् । तस्यान्ववायः सुमहान् यस्यनाम्ना स्थ कौरवाः” हरिवं ०३३ अ० कुर्या० अपत्येण्य । कौरव्यतदपत्ये पुंस्त्री बहुषु तस्य लुक् । क्वचिन्न “कौरव्याःपशवः प्रियापरिभवक्ले शोपशान्तिः फलम्” वेणीसं० ।कौरव्ये साधवः अण् । कौरव्या इति तु माधवः । “स्त्रि-यामवन्तिकुन्तिकुरुभ्यः” इति स्त्रियां लुकि नृजतित्वादृङ्कुरूः । ४ ओदने मेदि० । ५ कण्ठकारिकायां शब्दच० पियव्र-तराजपौत्रे ६ आग्नीध्रराजपुत्रभेदे “तस्यासुह वा आत्म-जान् स राजवर आग्नीध्रोनाभिकिंपुरुषहरिवर्षे लावृत-रम्यकहिरण्मयकुरुभद्राश्वकेतुमालसंज्ञान्नव पुत्रानजन-यत्” भाग० ५ स्क० २८ अ० १९ श्लो० तत्पुत्रकुरुराज्य-त्वेन ७ उत्तरकुरुनामके तद्वर्षे च । तत्प्रमाणञ्च उत्तर-कुरुशब्दे १० ९४ पृ० दर्शितम् । पुराणसर्व्वस्वे विष्णुपु० “ना-भिञ्च प्रथमं बर्षं ततः किंपुरुषं स्थितम् । हरिवर्षं तथैवा-न्यत् मेरोर्दक्षिणतः स्थितम् । रम्यकञ्चोत्तरं वर्षं तथैवानुहिरण्मयम् । उत्तराः कुरुवश्चैव यथा वै भारतं तथा ।इलावृतञ्च तन्मध्ये सौवर्ण्णोमेरुत्तमः” इति । अतस्तत्पुत्र-नवकनाम्ना नवानां वर्षाणां ख्यातिरिति । तत्सन्नि-वेशादिकं तत्रैवोक्तं यथा“भद्रा तथोत्तरगिरीनुत्तरांश्च तथा कुरून् । अतीत्योत्तर-सम्भोधिं समभ्येति महामुने! । वङ्क्षुश्च पश्चिमगिरीन-तीत्य सकलांस्ततः । पश्चिमं केतुमालाख्यं वर्षमभ्येतिसार्णवम् । तथा चालकनन्दापि दक्षिणेनेत्य भारतम् ।प्रयाति सागरं भृत्वा सप्तभेदा महामुने । आनीलनिषधायामौ माल्यवद्गन्धमादनौ । तयोर्नध्यगतो मेरुःकर्णिकाकारसांस्थितः । भारताः केतुमालाश्च भद्राश्वाःकुरवस्तथा । पद्मानि लोकपद्मस्य मर्य्यादाश्चैव बाह्यतः ।जठरोदेवकूटश्च मर्य्यादापर्व्वातातुभौ । तौ दक्षिणोत्तरा-यामावानीलनिषधायतौ । मेरोः पश्चिमदिग्भागे यथा-पूर्व्वौ तथा स्थितौ । त्रिशृङ्गोजारुधिश्चैव उत्तरे वर्ष-पर्व्वतौ । पूर्व्व पश्चायतावेतावर्णवान्तव्यवस्थितौ । इत्येतेमुनिवर्योक्ता मर्य्यादापर्व्वतास्तवः । जठराद्याः स्थिता-मेरोर्येषां द्वौ द्वौ चतुर्द्दिशम् । मेरोश्चतुर्द्दिशं ये तुप्रोक्ताः केशरपर्वताः । शीतान्त्याद्या मुने! तेषामतीपेहमनोरमाः । शैलानामन्तरद्रोण्यः सिद्धचारणसेविताः ।सुरम्याणि तथा तेषु काननानि पुराणि च । लक्ष्मोवि-ष्णूग्निसूर्य्यादि देवानां मुनिसत्तम! । तान्यायतनरम्याणिजुष्टानि वरकिन्नरैः । गन्धर्व्वयक्षरक्षांसि तथा दैतेयदा-नवाः । क्रीडन्ति तासु रम्यासु शैलद्रोणीष्वहर्निशम् ।भौमाह्येते स्मृताः स्वर्गा धर्मिणामालया मुने! । नैतेषुपापकर्माणो यान्ति जन्मशतैरपि । भद्राश्वे भगवान् वि-ष्णुरास्त हयशिरा द्विज! । वराहः केतुमाले तु भारतेकूर्मरूपधृक् । मत्स्यरूपश्च गोविन्दः कुरुष्वास्ते सनातनः ।विश्वरूपेण सर्व्वत्र सर्व्वः सर्व्वेश्वरोहरिः । सर्वस्याधार-भूतोऽसौ मैत्रेयास्तेऽखिलात्मकः । यानि किंपुरुषा-द्यानि वर्षास्यष्टौ महामुने! । न तेषु शोकोनोनोहोनोद्वेगः क्षुद्भयादिकम् । सुस्थाःप्रजा निरातङ्काः सर्व्वदुःखविवर्जिताः । दशद्वादशवर्षाणां सहस्राणि स्थिरा-युषः । न तेषु वर्षवर्य्येषु भौमान्यम्भांसि तेषु वै ।कृतत्रेतादिका नैव तेषु स्थानेषु कल्पना । सर्वष्वेतेषुवर्षेषु सप्त सप्त कुलाचलाः । नद्यश्च शतशस्तेभ्यः प्रसूताया द्विजोत्तम!” । विजित्य यः प्राज्यमयच्छदुत्तरान्कुरूनकुप्यं वसु वासवोपममः” किरा० ८ यज्ञादिकर्त्तरि कुरुश्रवणशब्देउदा० ।
Burnouf
Frenchकुरु कुरु riz bouilli.
Morelle épineuse, bot.
Np.
de la partie du continent asiatique située au nord de la presqu'île
indienne et formant un des 9 वर्षस् ou des 4 महाद्वीपस्।
Cf. उत्तरकुरु le Kuru septentrional.
Np. d'un roi, ancêtre de
Pāṇḍu et de Dhṛtarāṣṭra, héros du Mahābhārata.
कुरुकन्दक raifort, raphanus sativus, bot.
कुरुक्षेत्र np. de la contrée où a lieu, dans le
Mahābhārata, la grande bataille des Kurus et des Pāṇḍus: auj. le
pays de Delhi.
कुरुजाङ्गल mms.
Stchoupak
French२ कुरु-
d'un peuple et du pays qu'il habite (au centre de
l'Inde septentrionale)
उत्तराः कुरवः les habitants du monde
septentrional, pays mythique
sg. de l'ancêtre des Kuru
fils d'un
personnage nommé Āgnīdhra.
°क्षेत्र- (champ des Kuru) nt. d'une vaste plaine (près de Delhi),
théâtre des grandes batailles entre les Kuru et les Pāṇḍu
habitants de cette contrée.
°जाङ्गल- nt. d'un pays
les habitants de ce pays.
°तीर्थ- nt. d'un Tīrtha.
°नन्दन- descendant de Kuru, ép. de Yudhiṣṭhira, d'Arjuna.
°पञ्चाल- les Kuru et les Pañcāla.
°पाण्डव- du. et les descendants de Kuru (c.-à-d. de
Dhṛtarāṣṭra) et de Pāṇḍu.
°राज- ép. de Yudhiṣṭhira.
°वर्णक- d'un peuple.
°वश- d'un prince.
°वृद्ध- ép. de Bhīṣma.
°श्रेष्ठ- ép. d'Arjuna
°सत्तम- id.
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