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कद्रू (kadrU)

 
Yates
English
कद्रू (द्रूः) 3.
f.
 The wife of
Kāsyapa
mother of the serpent race.
Monier Williams Cologne
English
कद्रू
N.
 of a daughter of Dakṣa (wife of Kaśyapa and mother of the Nāgas),
MBh.
BhP.
&c.
कद्रू॑ (ऊ॑स्),
f.
 a particular divine personification (described in certain legends which relate to the bringing down of the Soma from heaven
according to the Brāhmaṇas, ‘the earth personified’),
RV.
TS.
 vi
ŚBr.
 iii, vi
Kāṭh.
&c.
N.
 of a plant (?).
कद्रू॑ (See कद्रु)
f.
 (RV. )
Benfey
English
कद्रू कद्रू,
f.
 The wife of Kaśyapa
and mother of the serpent race, MBh.
1, 1074.
Apte Hindi
Hindi
कद्रू
स्त्री*
 - कद्-रु
कश्यप की पत्नी तथा नागों की माता
Shabdartha Kaustubha
Kannada
कद्रू
पदविभागः - > स्त्रीलिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः - > ದಕ್ಷಬ್ರಹ್ಮನ ಮಗಳು /ಕಶ್ಯಪನ ಪತ್ನಿ /ನಾಗಮಾತೆ /ಸರ್ಪಗಳ ತಾಯಿ
निष्पत्तिः - > कद्रु - "ऊङ्" (४-१-७२)
प्रयोगाः - > "कद्रूश्च मनुजव्याघ्र दक्षकन्यैव भारत" । "शेषोऽनन्तो वासुकिश्च तक्षकश्च भुजङ्गमः । कूर्मश्च कुलिकश्चैव काद्रवेयाः प्रकीर्तिताः ॥"
उल्लेखाः - > भा० आदि० ६६-१३, ४१
L R Vaidya
English
kadru {% (I) a. (f. द्रु or द्रू) %} Tawny.
अभिधानरत्नमाला
Sanskrit
दिति
दिति, अदिति, दनु, कद्रू, निकषा, विनता
दितिरदितिर्दनुकद्रूनिकषाविनताश्च मातरः प्रोक्ताः ।
दैत्यसुरदानवोरगपिशिताशनपक्षिराजानाम् ॥ ११९ ॥
verse 1.1.1.119
page 0015
Mahabharata
English
Kadrū, daughter of Daksha, wife of Kaśyapa, and mother of the serpents. § 27 (Kaśyapa): I, 16, 1074 (daughter of Prajāpati (i.e. Daksha), married to Kaśyapa), 1076 (chose to have 1, 000 nāgas as her sons), 1080.--§ 27b (do.): After a long time K. brought forth 1, 000 eggs, which burst after 500 years: I, 16, 1082.--§ 29 (cf. Āstīkap.): Once K. and Vinatā bet about the colour of Uccaiḥśravas, and she who lost should become the other's slave, Vinatā asserting that he was all white, K. that he was black in his tail. K. ordered her sons to transform themselves into black hair and cover the horse's tail. When they refused she cursed them, saying that the Fire (Pāvaka) should consume them at the snakesacrifice of Janamejaya. Seeing that the snakes had multiplied exceedingly, Brahmán, with all the gods, sanctioned this curse, which had been “indicated in the Purāṇas” (so PCR., dṛshṭaṃ purātanaṃ, v. 1204), and propitiated Kaśyapa by bestowing upon him the knowledge of neutralizing poisons: I, 20, 1190, (1192), 1194, 1197, 1201.--§ 30 (do.): In the morning K. and Vinatā went to inspect Uccaiḥśravas. Description of Samudra (the Ocean) (b)
I, 21, 1205.--§ 31 (do.): The Nāgas (serpents), notwithstanding their refusal, went and became hairs in the horse's tail. Second description of the Ocean, v. Samudradarśana (b): I, 22, 1227 (Kºś ca Vinatā caiva Dākshāyaṇyau).--§ 32 (do.): Vinatā, having lost the wager, became the slave of K. [but was afterwards released by]
Garuḍa (b): I, 23, 1235, 1237.--§ 36 (do): Some time afterwards K. ordered Vinatā to carry her to a remote place, inhabited by the Nāgas, in the midst of the Ocean
the snakes which were carried by Garuḍa (b) became scorched by the rays of the sun: I, 25, 1281.--§ 37 (Indra): I, 25, 1285 (K. then praised Indra).--§ 38 (cf. Āstīkap.)
Indra then caused a downpour of rain, and the snakes with their mother reached Rāmaṇīyaka: I, 26, 1296.--§ 47 (Sarpanāmak.): I, 35, 1547 (enumeration of the principal sons of K.).--§ 48 (Śesha): I, 36, 1566 (Śesha left his mother K.).--§ 49 (Vāsuki): I, 38, 1628 (all. to § 29).--§ 60 (Sarpasattra): I, 54, 2071 (Pannagānāṃ…mātā, repetition from § 29).--§ 87 (Aṃśāvat.): I, 65, 2521 (Dakshakanyā, wife of Kaśyapa).-§ 129 (do.): I, 66, 2634 (Surasā gave birth to the Nāgas, Kadrū to the Pannagas).--§ 270 (Brahmasabhāv.): II, 11, 457 (ºuḥ, in the palace of Brahmán).--§ 502 (Manushyagrahak.): III, 230, 14471 (K. introduces herself in a subtle form into the body of a pregnant woman and causes the destruction of the fœtus, and the mother is caused to give birth to a nāga (serpent)).
पुराणम्
English
कद्रू / KADRŪ. Wife of kaśyapa and daughter of Dakṣaprajāpati.1) Genealogy. Descended from viṣṇu thus:--viṣṇu-brahmā--dakṣa--kadrū.2) kadrū--Wife or daughter of kaśyapa? Whether kadrū was the wife or daughter of kaśyapa is a question which remains unanswered still in the Purāṇas. Chapter 65 of Bhāṣā bhārata states like this.
The six spiritual sons of brahmā are: marīci, aṅgiras, atri, pulastya, pulaha and kratu. marīci got a son named kaśyapa and he married the thirteen daughters of dakṣa, namely, aditi, diti, kalā, danāyus, danu, siṁhikā, krodhā, Pradhā, viśvā, vinatā, kapilā, muni and kadrū. So according to this, kadrū was the wife of kaśyapa.
But the 14th sarga of araṇya Kāṇḍa of vālmīki rāmāyaṇa states:
Dakṣaprajāpati got sixty illustrious daughters and of these kaśyapa married--aditi, diti, danu, kālikā tāmrā, krodhavaśā, muni and surasā. krodhavaśā gave birth to eight daughters. They were: mṛgī, mṛgamandā, Harī, bhadramatā, mātaṅgī, śārdūlī, śvetā
Śurabhi, surasā and kadrū.
tāmrā another wife of kaśyapa gave birth to five daughters, namely, krauñcī, bhāsī, śyenī, dhṛtarāṣṭrī and śukī. krauñcī gave birth to owls, bhāsī to bhāsas, śyenī to eagles and vultures, dhṛtarāṣṭrī to swans and śukī to Natā. Natā gave birth to vinatā.
Thus, according to the rāmāyaṇa kadrū was the daughter of kaśyapa born of his wife krodhavaśā. Again vinatā who is spoken of as the elder sister of kadrū in mahābhārata is the daughter of the granddaughter of kaśyapa. This means that Kadrū's mother and Vinatā's grand mother's mother were sisters. But both of them looked after kaśyapa as if they were direct sisters.3) kadrū, mother of serpents. kadrū and vinatā lived serving kaśyapa. kaśyapa was pleased with them and asked them what boon they wanted. kadrū asked for a thousand serpents to be born of her and vinatā asked for two sons who would be braver and more brilliant than the sons of kadrū. kaśyapa granted them what they asked for and when kadrū and vinatā became pregnant he left for the forest.
After some time kadrū delivered a thousand eggs and vinatā two eggs. Both of them kept the eggs in warm jars and after five hundred years the thousand eggs of kadrū burst letting out a thousand serpents. vinatā became impatient and broke open an egg of hers. Out came from it a half developed being and that was aruṇa. aruṇa cursed her for being impatient and said “You let me out half developed because of your overanxiety and you will, therefore, become a servant of kadrū. Keep the other egg for another five hundred years. Then a very powerful son will come out of it and that son will relieve you of your servitude to Kadrū”. So saying he rose up in the air and became the charioteer of the sun. After five hundred years the other egg of vinatā broke and garuḍa came out. (Chapter 16, Ādi Parva, M.B.)4) Sons of kadrū. Names of the prominent sons of kadrū are given below:
śeṣa, Purāṇanāga, āryaka, vāsuki, kapiñjara, ugraka, airāvata, elāputra, kalaśapotaka, takṣaka, Savāma, sumanas, kārkoṭaka, nīla, dadhimukha, dhanañjaya, anila, vimala, kāliya, Kalmāṣa, Piṇḍaka, maṇināga, śabala, āpta, śākha, piṇḍāraka, hastipiṇḍa, Vāli, karavīra, pīṭharaka, Śikha, puṣpadaṁṣṭra, sumukha, Niṣṭhānaka, Vilvaka, kauṇapāśana, hemaguha, bilvapāṇḍura, kuṭhara, nahuṣa, Mṛṣṇāda, kuñjara, piṅgala, Śaṁkha, prabhākara, bāhyakarṇa, Śirāpūrṇa, kumuda, hastipada, haridraka, kumudākṣa, Mudgara, aparājita, tittiri, kambala, jyotika, halika, aśvatara, Pannaga, kardama, Kālīkaka, śrīvaha, bahumūlaka, vṛtta, kauravya, karkara, saṁvṛtta, dhṛtarāṣṭra, Arkara, Patta, Śaṁkhapiṇḍa, kuṇḍodara, Śaṁkhamukha, subāhu, mahodara. Kūśmāṇḍaka, virajas, kṣemaka, śālipiṇḍa
All the serpents in the world have been born from these prominent serpents. (Chapter 35, Ādi Parva, M.B.).5) kadrū curses her sons. Once kadrū called vinatā to her side and asked her the colour of uccaiśśravas, the horse of indra. It was purely a white horse and vinatā told so. But kadrū said its tail was black. Each stood firm in her statement and then kadrū made a bet. She who was defeated in the bet should serve the other as her slave. vinatā agreed. kadrū wanted to cheat vinatā and so asked her sons to remain suspended from the tail of the horse in such an artful way that the tail would look black from a distance. Some of her sons refused to be a party to this deceit and kadrū cursed them saying that they would all be burnt in the Sarpasattra of janamejaya. kaśyapa did not like the curse. But brahmā came there and said that the serpents as a class were injurious to society and as such a curse of that nature was necessary. brahmā then taught him Viṣasaṁhāravidyā (Treatment of snake-poisoning). (Chapter 20, Ādi Parva, M.B.). 6) kadrū and children go to rāmaṇīyaka. Once kadrū told vinatā. “Vinatā, take me to the island of rāmaṇīyaka in the middle of the ocean. It is a beautiful place to stay. Let your son, garuḍa, take my sons to that place.” vinatā took kadrū and garuḍa took her children during the journey. garuḍa rose high up in the air nearing the sun and the serpents began to feel the heat unbearable and began to get charred. kadrū then prayed to indra and the latter then sent a heavy downpour of rains. This saved the serpents from being burnt to death and they reached the island of rāmaṇīyaka safe. (Chapters 25 and 26, Ādi Parva, M.B.).7) Other details. (i) kadrū lives in the court of brahmā worshipping him. (Chapter 11, Sabhā Parva, M.B.).(ii) kadrū taking the form of skanda--graha in an infinitely minute size enters the wombs of women and eats the embryo. (Chapter 230, Vana Parva, M.B.).
Vedic Reference
English
Kadrū, a word occurring only once in the Rigveda, ^1 is
interpreted by Ludwig^2 as the name of a priest, but it more
probably means a Soma vessel.^3
1) viii. 45, 26.
2) Translation of the Rigveda, 3, 162.
3) St. Petersburg Dictionary, s.v.
Grassman
German
kadrū́, f., ein (bräunliches) Somagefäss
das Adj. kádru bedeutet „braun“.
-úvas [Ab.] {665, 26}.