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अक्ष (akSa)
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अक्ष
Masculine.
(
-क्षः
)
1.
A
die,
cubic
or
oblong,
for
playing
with.
2.
Part
of
a
car.
3.
A
wheel.
4.
A
car.
5.
A
snake.
6.
Law
suit,
legal
proceedings
7.
Sacred
knowledge,
8.
The
soul.
9.
A
seed
of
which
Rosaries
are
made,
in
which
sense
it
occurs
mostly
in
composition,
as,
Rud-
raksha,
Indraksha.
10,
A
Karsha
or
weight
of
sixteen
mashas.
11.
A
tree
bearing
a
medicinal
fruit.
(
Terminalia
belerica.
)
12.
A
proper
name,
the
son
of
RAVANA.
13.
A
name
of
GADURA.
14.
A
person
born
blind.
15.
Terrestrial
latitude.
Neuter.
(
-क्षं
)
1.
An
organ
of
sense.
2.
Sea,
salt.
3.
Blue
vitriol
Etymology
अशु
to
pervade,
Unadi
affix
स.
अक्ष
-
akSa
-
Masculine
-
axis
[
computer
]
ल-अक्ष
-
la-akSa
-
Masculine
-
z-axis
[
computer
]
र-अक्ष
-
ra-akSa
-
Masculine
-
y-axis
[
computer
]
य-अक्ष
-
ya-akSa
-
Masculine
-
x-axis
[
computer
]
अक्ष
-
akSa
-
Masculine
-
pivot
अक्ष
-
akSa
-
Masculine
-
axle
अक्ष
-
akSa
-
Masculine
-
terrestrial
latitude
अक्ष
-
akSa
-
Masculine
-
die
in
a
game
of
dice
अधो
अक्ष
-
adho
akSa
-
Adjective
-
being
below
the
axle
अक्ष
akSa
Masculine
pivot
अक्ष
Masculine.
(
-क्षः
)
1
A
die,
cubic
or
oblong,
for
playing
with.
2
Part
of
a
car.
3
A
wheel.
4
A
car.
5
A
snake.
6
Law
suit,
legal
proceedings.
7
Sacred
knowledge.
8
The
soul.
9
A
seed
of
which
Rosaries
are
made,
in
which
sense
it
occurs
mostly
in
composition,
as,
Rudrākṣa,
Indrākṣa.
10
A
Karṣa
or
weight
of
sixteen
māṣas.
11
A
tree
bearing
a
medicinal
fruit.
(
Terminalia
belerica.
)
12
A
proper
name.
the
son
of
RĀVAṆA.
13
A
name
of
GARUḌA.
14
A
person
born
blind.
15
Terrestrial
latitude.
Neuter.
(
-क्षं
)
1
An
organ
of
sense.
2
Sea
salt.
3
Blue
vitriol.
Etymology
अशु
to
pervade,
Uṇādi
affix
स.
अक्षः
[
akṣḥ
],
[
अश्-सः
]
An
axis,
axle,
pivot
अक्षभङ्गे
च
यानस्य....न
दण्डं
मनुरब्रवीत्
Manusmṛiti.
8.291,
292
दृढधूः
अक्षः
Kāś.
Vikramorvasîyam (Bombay).
4.74
Sisupâlavadha.
12.2,
18.7
ज्योतिश्चक्राक्षदण्डः
Dk.
Axle-pole.
The
pole
of
a
cart.
A
cart,
car
also
a
wheel.
The
beam
of
a
balance.
Terrestrial
latitude.
A
die
for
playing
with
cube
यानाक्षमधिकृत्य
ब्रूत
इति
गम्यते
न
तु
विदेवना-
क्षमिति
।
ŚB.
on
MS.*
6.8.35.
The
seed
of
which
rosaries
are
made.
A
weight
equal
to
16
māṣas
and
called
कर्ष.
Name.
of
the
plant
Terminalia
Belerica
(
बिभीतक-
Marâṭhî.
बेहडा
)
the
seed
of
which
is
used
as
a
die
also
the
nut
of
this
plant
यथा
वै
द्वे
वामलके
द्वे
वा
कोले
द्वौ
वाक्षौ
मुष्टिरनुभवति
Chān.
Up
so
धाराभिरक्षमात्राभिः.
A
shrub
producing
the
rosary
seed,
Eleocarpus
Ganitrus
(
रुद्राक्ष
)
the
seed
of
this
plant,
as
also
of
another
plant
(
इन्द्राक्ष
).
A
serpent
hence
a
curve.
Garuḍa.
Name.
of
a
son
of
Rāvaṇa.
The
soul.
Knowledge
(
usually,
sacred
).
Law
a
lawsuit
legal
procedure.
A
person
born
blind.
the
lower
part
of
the
temples
(
कर्ण-
नेत्रयोर्मध्ये
शङ्खादधोभागः
).
The
base
of
a
column
अथवाक्षं
नवांशोच्चं
जन्म
चैकेन
कारयेत्
।
Māna.
14.17.
The
window-like
part
of
a
swing,
a
hammock,
a
palanquin,
an
axle
of
a
chariot
पार्श्वयोर्वारणं
कुर्यात्
तस्याधो$क्षं
सुसंयुतम्
।
Māna.
5.165,
166.
Gambling
(
in
general
).
Compare.
अक्षो
द्यूते
वरूथाङ्गे
नयवादौ
बिभीतके
।
कर्षे
व्याप्तौ
कृषे
(
?
)
चक्रे
आधारव्यव-
हारयोः
।
आत्मजे
पाशके
दैत्यभेदे
चेन्द्रियवालयोः
।
Nm.
-क्षम्
(
अश्नुते
व्याप्नोति
विषयान्
स्ववृत्त्या
संयोगेन
वा
)
An
organ
of
sense
निरोधाच्चेतसो$क्षाणि
निरुद्धान्यखिलान्यपि
Panchatantra (Bombay).
2.154
संयताक्षो
विनीतः
Mātaṅga
Latin.
12.1.
(
The
word
संयताक्ष
here
means
'having
control
over
his
senses',
but
'having
eyes
closed'
M.
W.
)
Masculine.
also
(
नियच्छेद्विषयेभ्यो$क्षान्
Bhāg.
an
object
of
sense.
The
eye,
(
only
at
the
end
of
Compound.
जलजाक्ष,
कमलाक्ष,
Et cætera.
)
Sachal
salt,
sea-salt.
Blue
vitriol
(
from
its
crystallized
shape
)
(
Marâṭhî.
मोरचूद
)
[
Compare.
Latin.
axis
Greek.
akshon
or
axon,
old
German.
ahsa
German.
achse.
]
Compound.
-अंशः
the
degree
of
latitude.
-अग्रम्
the
axle
or
its
end
the
anterior
end
of
the
axle
or
its
end
the
anterior
end
of
the
pole
of
a
car.
-अग्रकीलः
-लकः
a
linch-pin,
a
pin
which
fastens
the
yoke
to
the
pole.
-आवपनम्
[
अक्षान्
पाशान्
आवपति
क्षिपत्यस्मिन्
आ-वप्-आधारे
ल्युट्
]
a
dice-board
(
अक्षा
उप्यन्ते$स्मिन्निति
अक्षावपनम्
अक्षस्थानावपनपात्रम्,
सायण
).
-आवलिःf.
a
rosary.
-आवापः
[
अक्षान्
आवपति
क्षिपति
आवप्-अण्
]
a
gambler,
keeper
of
the
dice
or
gambling
table
he
is
one
of
the
रत्निन्s
mentioned
in
Taitt.
Saṁ.
I.8.9.1.2
and
Śat.
Br.5.3.2
also
˚अतिवापः
(
अक्षावापो
नाम
अक्षाणां
क्षेप्ता
अक्षगोप्ता
वा
द्यूतकारः
).
-उपकरणम्
a
piece
at
chess.-कर्णः
hypotenuse,
particularly
of
the
triangle
formed
with
the
gnomon
of
a
dial
and
its
shadow
(
Astronomy.
)
argument
of
the
latitude.
-कुशल,
-शौण्ड
Adjective.
[
स.
त.
]
skilful
in
gambling.
-कूटः
[
अक्षस्य
कूट
इव
]
the
pupil
of
the
eye.-कोविद,
-ज्ञ
Adjective.
skilled
in
dice
so
˚विद्,
˚वेत्तृ
Et cætera.
-क्षेत्रम्
[
अक्षनिमित्तं
क्षेत्रम्
]
an
astronomical
figure
(
अक्षसाधनार्थं
क्षेत्रतया
कल्पितानां
अक्षभवानामष्टानां
क्षेत्राणामेकं
).
-ग्लहः
[
तृ.
त.
]
gambling,
playing
at
dice.
-चक्रम्
the
circle
of
sensual
passions.
दृढनियमित
˚क्रः
Kâdambarî (Bombay).
37
(
also
axis
and
wheels
).
-जम्
[
अक्षात्
जायते
जन्-ड
]
direct
knowledge
or
cognition.
a
thunderbolt
(
वज्रम्
अस्थिरूपावयवजातत्वात्तस्य
तन्नामत्बम्
).
a
diamond.
अक्षक्षेत्रम्
q.v.
(
Masculine.
in
some
of
these
senses
).-जः
Name.
of
Viṣṇu.
-तत्त्वम्,
-विद्या
the
science
of
gambling
˚विद्
skilled
in
the
principles
of
gambling.
-दण्डः
axle-pole.-दर्शकः,
-दृश्
[
अक्षाणाम्
ऋणादानादिव्यवहाराणां
दर्शकः
दृश्-ण्वुल्,
अक्षान्
पश्यतीति
दृश्
-क्विप्
कुत्वम्
]
a
judge
(
one
who
tries
lawsuits
).
a
superintendent
of
gambling.
-दृक्कर्मन्
Neuter.
operation
or
calculation
for
latitude.
-देविन्
Masculine.
.
[
अक्षैर्दीव्यति,
दिव्-णिनि
],
अक्षद्यूः,
[
दिव्-क्विपू
ऊठ्
Parasmaipada.
VI.4.19.
]
-द्यूतः
[
अक्षैर्द्यूतं
यस्य
]
a
gambler,
dicer.
-द्यूतम्
dice
play,
gambling
˚तादिगणः
a
class
of
words
mentioned
in
Parasmaipada.
IV.*
4.19.
-द्यूतिकम्
[
अक्षद्यूत-
ठक्
]
dispute
at
play.
-द्रुग्ध
Adjective.
[
अक्षैः
द्रुग्धः
]
unlucky
at
dice
(
opposed
to
अक्षप्रिय
fond
of
dice,
or
lucky
in
gambling
).
-धरः
[
अक्षं
चक्रं
रथावयवं
तत्कीलकमिव
कण्टकं
वा
धरतीति
धरः
धृ-अच्
ष.
त.
]
Name.
of
Viṣṇu.
Name.
of
the
plant
(
also
called
शाखोट
)
Trophis
Aspera.
(
Marâṭhî.
हेदि,
खरोत
).
a
wheel.
any
one
who
bears
a
wheel,
or
who
holds
dice.
-धूः
(
धुर्
)
the
yoke
attached
to
the
fore-part
of
the
pole
of
a
car.
-धूर्तः
[
अक्षे
तद्देवने
धूर्तः
]
'dice-rogue,
'
a
gamester,
a
gambler.
-धूर्तिलः
[
अक्षस्य
शकटस्य
धूर्तिं
भारं
लाति,
ला-क
or
अक्ष-धुर्-तिलप्रत्ययः
]
a
bull
or
ox
yoked
to
the
pole
of
a
cart.
-पटलः[
ष.
त.
]
a
court
of
law.
depository
of
legal
documents.
Equal or equivalent to, same as.
अक्षि-
पटलम्,
quod vide, which see.
-लः
[
अक्षाणां
व्यवहाराणां
पटलमस्त्यस्य
अच्
]
a
judge.
record-office
(
GI
).
account-office
(
RT
).-पटलाधिकृतः
superintendent
of
records
and
accounts.-परि
ind
[
अक्षेण
विपरतिम्
वृत्तं
Parasmaipada.
II.1.1
द्यूतव्यवहारे
पराजये
एवायं
समासः
Sk.
]
so
as
to
be
a
loser
(
by
an
unlucky
throw
of
dice
)
पाशकक्रीडायां
यथा
गुटिकापाते
जयो
भवति
तद्वि-
परीतपातः
Tv.
)
-पाटः
Equal or equivalent to, same as.
˚वाटः,
quod vide, which see.
-पाटकः
[
अक्षे
व्यवहारे
पाटयति
पट्
दीप्तौ-ण्वुल्
]
one
who
is
well-versed
in
law,
a
judge.
-पातः
[
ष.
त.
]
cast
of
dice.
-पादः
Name.
of
the
sage
Gautama,
founder
of
the
Nyāya
system
of
philosophy,
or
a
follower
of
that
system
(
अक्षं
नेत्रं
दर्शनसाधनतया
जातः
पादो$स्य
अक्षपादो
हि
स्वमतदूषकस्य
व्यासस्य
मुखदर्शनं
चक्षुषा
न
कर्तव्यम्
इति
प्रतिज्ञाय
पश्चाद्
व्यासेन
प्रसादितः
पादे
नेत्रं
प्रकाश्य
तं
दृष्टवान्
इति
प्रसिद्धिः
Tv.
)
-पीडा
[
ष.
त.
]
an
injury
to
the
organs.
[
अक्षम्
इन्द्रियं
रसनारूपं
पीडयति
आस्वादनात्
पीड्-अच्
]
Name.
of
the
plant
यवतिक्ता.
(
Marâṭhî.
शंखिनी
).
-भागः
(
˚अंशः
)
a
degree
of
latitude.
-भारः
[
ष.
त.
]
a
cart-load.
the
lower
part
of
a
chariot.
(
Compare.
तत्तद्देशे
तु
छिद्रं
स्यादक्षभारे
रथान्तकम्
।
छिद्रे
प्रवेशयेत्
कीलं
युक्त्या
च
पट्टयोजितम्
॥
Māna.
42.51-53.
)
-मदः
[
च.
त.
]
a
mad
passion
for
gambling.-मात्रम्
[
अक्षो
मात्रा
यस्य
]
anything
as
large
as
dice
dice.
a
moment
of
time
(
निमिषः
)
twinkling
of
an
eye.-माला,
-सूत्रम्
[
अक्षाणां
माला
-सूत्रम्
]
a
rosary,
string
of
beads
(
अकारादिक्षकारान्तः
अक्षः
तत्कृता
तत्प्रतिनिधिभूता
वा
माला
)
कृतो-
$क्षसूत्रप्रणयी
तया
करः
Kumârasambhava (Bombay).
5.11,
66
˚मालामुपयाचितुमागतो$स्मि
Kâdambarî (Bombay).
151.
(
It
is
made
of
रुद्राक्ष
seeds,
corals,
crystals,
rubies,
gems
Et cætera.
)
Name.
of
अरुन्धती
(
अक्षमाला
त्वरुन्धती
-
Hm.
)
अक्ष-
माला
वसिष्ठेन
संयुक्ताधमयोनिजा...जगामाभ्यर्हणीयताम्
Manusmṛiti.
9.23.
मातङ्गयामक्षमालायां
गर्हितायां
रिरंसया
।
Bu.
ch.4.77.
(
अक्षस्य
नक्षत्रचक्रस्य
मालेव
भूषणत्वात्
सा
ह्युत्तरस्यां
दिशि
गगने
सप्तर्षिमण्डले
मालारूपेण
वसिष्ठसमीपे
वर्तते
सर्वेभ्यश्चोज्ज्वलत्वात्तस्या
मालारूपेण
स्थितत्वाच्च
नक्षत्रचक्रभूषणत्वम्
Tv
).
-राजः
[
अक्षाणां
राजेव
]
one
addicted
to
gambling
also
'the
die
called
Kali'.
वामः
[
स.
त.
]
an
unfair
gambler.
-वाटः
[
अक्षाणां
पाशकक्रीडानां
बाटः
वासस्थानम्
]
a
gambling
house
the
gambling
table.
[
अक्षस्य
रथचक्रस्य
क्षुण्णस्थानस्य
इव
वाटः
]
a
place
of
contest,
arena,
wrestling
ground
(
तत्र
हि
रथचक्रक्षुण्णपांशुसदृशपांशुम-
त्त्वात्
तत्सदृशत्वम्
Tv.
)
-विद
Adjective.
skilled
in
gambling.-वृत्त
Adjective.
[
अक्षे
वृत्तः
व्यापृतः
स.
त.
]
engaged
in,
addicted
to,
gambling
what
has
occurred
in
gambling.
-वृत्तम्
राशिचक्ररूपं
वृत्तक्षेत्रम्
the
zodiacal
circle.
-शालिन्
(
शालिकः
)
officer
in
charge
of
the
gambling
house
EI
24.173.-स्तुषः
Beleric
Myrobalan
(
Marâṭhî.
बेहडा
)
-हृदयम्
perfect
skill
in,
or
conversancy
with,
gambling
(
Literal.
the
heart
or
innermost
nature
of
dice
or
gambling
)
वशीकृताक्षहृदयां
Kâdambarî (Bombay).
131.
अक्षः
[
अश्-सः
]
1
An
axis,
axle,
pivot
°भंगे
Ms.
8.
291
दृढधूः
अक्षः
P.
V.
4.
74
Śi.
12.
2,
18.
7
ज्योतिश्चक्राक्षदंडः
Dk.
1
axle-pole.
2
The
pole
of
a
cart.
3
A
cart,
car
also
a
wheel.
4
The
beam
of
a
balance.
5
Terrestrial
latitude.
6
A
die
for
playing
with
cube.
7
The
seed
of
which
rosaries
are
made.
8
A
weight
equal
to
16
māshas
and
called
कर्ष.
9
N.
of
the
plant
Terminalia
Belerica
(
बिभीतक
)
the
seed
of
which
is
used
as
a
die
also
the
nut
of
this
plant
यथा
वै
द्वे
वामलके
द्वे
वा
कोले
द्वौ
वाक्षौ
मुष्टिरनुभवति
Chān.
Up.
so
धाराभिरक्षमात्राभिः.
10
A
shrub
producing
the
rosary
seed,
Eleocarpus
Ganitrus
the
seed
of
this
plant,
as
also
of
another
plant
(
इंद्राक्ष
).
11
A
serpent
hence
a
curve.
12
Garuḍa.
13
N.
of
a
son
of
Rāvaṇa.
14
The
soul.
15
Knowledge
(
usually,
sacred
).
16
Law
a
lawsuit
legal
procedure.
17
A
person
born
blind.
18
The
lower
part
of
the
temples
(
कर्णनेत्रयोर्मध्ये
शंखादधोभागः
).
क्षं
(
अश्नुते
व्याप्नोति
विषयान्
स्ववृत्त्या
संयोगेन
वा
)
1
An
organ
of
sense
निरोधाच्चेतसोऽक्षाणि
निरुद्धान्यखिलान्यपि
Pt.
2.
154
an
object
of
sense
m.
also
नियच्छेद्विषयेभ्योक्षान्
Bhāg.
2
The
eye,
only
at
the
end
of
Comp.
जलजाक्ष,
कमलाक्ष,
&c.
3
Sochal
salt,
sea-salt.
4
Blue
vitriol
(
from
it
crystallized
shape
).
[
cf.
L.
axis
Gr.
akshon
or
axon,
old
Germ.
ahsa
Germ.
achse
].
Comp.
अग्रं
the
axle
or
its
end
the
anterior
end
of
the
pole
of
a
car.
अग्रकीलः
लकः
a
linch-pin,
a
pin
which
fastens
the
yoke
to
the
pole.
आवपनं
[
अक्षान्
पाशान्
आवपति
क्षिपत्यस्मिन्
आ-वप्-आधारे
ल्युट्
]
a
dice-board
(
अक्षा
उप्यंतेस्मिन्निति
अक्षावपनं
अक्षस्थानावपनपात्रंसायण
).
आवापः
[
अक्षान्
आवपति
क्षिपति
आवप्-अण्
]
a
gambler,
keeper
of
the
dice
or
gambling
table
also
°अतिवापः
(
अक्षावापो
नाम
अक्षाणां
क्षेप्ता
अक्षगोप्ता
वा
द्यूतकारः
).
कर्णः
hypotenuse,
particularly
of
the
triangle
formed
with
the
gnomon
of
a
dial
and
its
shadow
(
astr.
)
argument
of
the
latitude.
कुशल,
शौंड
a.
[
स.
त.
]
skilful
in
gambling.
कूटः
[
अक्षस्य
कूट
इव
]
the
pupil
of
the
eye.
कोविद,
ज्ञ
a.
skilled
in
dice
so
°विद्,
°वेत्तृ
&c.
क्षेत्रं
[
अक्षनिमित्तं
क्षेत्रं
]
an
astronomical
figure
(
अक्षसाधनार्थं
क्षेत्रतया
कल्पितानां
अक्षभवानामष्टानां
क्षेत्राणामेकं
).
ग्लहः
[
तृ.
त.
]
gambling,
playing
at
dice.
चक्रं
the
circle
of
sensual
passions
दृढनियमित
°क्रः
K.
37
(
also
axis
and
wheels
).
जं
[
अक्षात्
जायते
जन्-ड
]
{1}
direct
knowledge
or
cognition.
{2}
a
thunderbolt
(
वज्रं
अस्थिरूपावयवजातत्वात्तस्य
तन्नामत्वं
).
{3}
a
diamond.
{4}
अक्षक्षेत्रं
q.
v.
(
m.
in
some
of
these
senses
).
जः
N.
of
Viṣṇu.
तत्त्वं,
विद्या
the
science
of
gambling
°विद
skilled
in
the
principles
of
gambling.
दर्शकः,
दृश्
[
अक्षाणां
ऋणादानादिव्यवहाराणां
दर्शकः
दृश्-ण्वुल्,
अक्षान्
पश्यतीति
दृश्
क्विप्
कुत्वं
]
{1}
a
judge
(
one
who
tries
law-suits
).
{2}
a
superintendent
of
gambling.
देविन्
m.
[
अक्षैर्दीव्यति,
दिव्-णिनि
]
a
gambler,
gamester
so
अक्षद्यूः,
दिव्-क्विप्
ऊठ्
P.
VI.
4.
19.
ठ्यूतः
[
अक्षैर्ठ्यूतं
यस्य
]
a
gambler,
dicer.
तं
dice
play,
gambling
°तादिगणः
a
class
of
words
mentioned
in
P.
IV.
4.
19.
द्यूतिकं
[
अक्षठ्यूत-ठक्
]
dispute
at
play.
द्रुग्ध
a.
[
अक्षैः
द्रुग्धः
]
unlucky
at
dice
(
opposed
to
अक्षप्रिय
fond
of
dice,
or
lucky
in
gambling
).
धरः
[
अक्षं
चक्रं
रथावयवं
तत्कीलकमिव
कंटकं
वा
धरतीति
धृअच्-
ष.
त.
]
{1}
N.
of
Viṣṇu.
{2}
N.
of
the
plant
(
शाखोट
)
Trophis
Aspera.
{3}
a
wheel.
{4}
any
one
who
bears
a
wheel,
or
who
holds
dice.
धूः
(
धुर्
)
the
yoke
attached
to
the
fore-part
of
the
pole
of
a
car.
धूर्तः
[
अक्षे
तद्देवने
धूर्तः
]
‘dice-rogue,
’
a
gamester,
a
gambler.
धूर्तिलः
[
अक्षस्य
शकटस्य
धूर्तिं
भारं
लाति,
ला-क
or
अक्ष-धुर्
तिलप्रत्ययः
]
a
bull
or
ox
yoked
to
the
pole
of
a
cart.
पटल
[
ष.
त.
]
{1}
a
court
of
law.
{2}
depository
of
legal
documents.
{3}
=
अक्षिपटलं,
q.
v.
लः
[
अक्षाणां
व्यवहाराणां
पटलमस्त्यस्य
अच्
]
a
judge.
परि
ind.
[
अक्षेण
विपरीतं
वृत्तं
P.
II.
1.
10
ठ्यूतव्यवहारे
पराजये
एवायं
समासः
सि.
कौ.
]
so
as
to
be
a
loser
(
by
an
unlucky
throw
of
dice
)
(
पाशकक्रीडायां
यथा
गुटिकापाते
जयो
भवति
तद्विपरीतपातः
Tv.
)
पाटः
=
°वाटः,
q.
v.
पाटकः
[
अक्षे
व्यवहारे
पाटयति
पट्
दीप्तौ-ण्वुल्
]
one
who
is
well-versed
in
law,
a
judge.
पातः
[
ष.
त.
]
cast
of
dice.
पादः
N.
of
the
sage
Gautama,
founder
of
the
Nyāya
system
of
philosophy,
or
a
follower
of
that
system
(
अक्षं
नेत्रं
दर्शनसाधनतया
जातः
पादो
ऽस्य
अक्षपादो
हि
स्वमतदूषकस्य
व्यासस्य
मुखदर्शनं
चक्षुषा
न
कर्तव्यं
इति
प्रतिज्ञाय
पश्चात्
व्यासेन
प्रसादितः
पादे
नेत्रं
प्रकाश्य
तं
दृष्टवान्
इति
प्रसिद्धिः
Tv.
)
पीडा
[
ष.
त.
]
{1}
injury
to
the
organs.
{2}
[
अक्षं
इंद्रियरसनारूपं
पीडयति
आस्वादनात्
पीडच्
]
N.
of
the
plant
यवतिक्ता.
भागः
(
°अंशः
)
a
degree
of
latitude.
भारः
[
ष.
त.
]
a
cart-load.
मदः
[
च.
त.
]
mad
passion
for
gambling.
मात्रं
[
अक्षो
मात्रा
यस्य
]
{1}
any
thing
as
large
as
dice
dice.
{2}
a
moment
of
time
(
निमिषः
),
twinkling
of
an
eye.
माला,
सूत्रं
[
अक्षाणां
माला-सूत्रं
]
a
rosary,
string
of
beads
(
अकारादिक्षकारांतः
अक्षः
तत्कृता
तत्प्रतिनिधिभूतावा
माला
)
कृतोक्षसूत्रप्रणयी
तया
करः
Ku.
5.
11,
6.
6
°मालामुपयाचितुमागतोस्मि
K.
151.
It
is
made
of
रुद्राक्ष
seeds,
corals,
crystals,
rubies,
gems
&c.
{2}
N.
of
अरुंधती
अक्षमाला
वशिष्ठेन
संयुक्ताधमयोनिजा
जगामाभ्यर्हणीयतां
Ms.
9.
23
(
अक्षस्य
नक्षत्रचक्रस्य
मालेव
भूषणत्वात्
सा
हि
उत्तरस्यांदिशि
गगने
सप्तर्षिमंडले
मालारूपेण
वसिष्ठसमीपे
वर्तते
सर्वेभ्यश्च
उज्ज्वलत्वात्तस्या
मालारूपेण
स्थितत्वाच्च
नक्षत्रचक्रभूषणत्वं
Tv
).
राजः
[
अक्षाणां
राजेव
]
one
addicted
to
gambling.
वामः
[
स.
त.
]
an
unfair
gambler.
वाटः
[
अक्षाणां
पाशकक्रीडानां
वाटः
वासस्थानं
]
{1}
a
gambling
house
the
gambling
table.
{2}
[
अक्षस्य
रथचक्रस्य
क्षुण्णस्थानस्य
इव
वाटः
]
a
place
of
contest,
arena,
wrestling
ground
(
तत्र
हि
रथचक्रक्षुण्णपांशुसदृशपांशुमत्त्वात्
तत्सदृशत्वं
Tv.
)
वृत्त
a.
[
अक्षे
वृत्तः
व्यापृतः
स.
त.
]
engaged
in,
addicted
to,
gambling
what
has
occurred
in
gambling.
त्तं
राशिचक्ररूपं
वृत्तक्षेत्रं
the
zodiacal
circle.
स्तुषः
Beleric
Myrobalan.
हृदयं
perfect
skill
in,
or
conversancy
with,
gambling
(
lit.
the
heart
or
innermost
nature
of
dice
or
gambling
)
वशीकृताक्षहृदयां
K.
131.
अक्ष
1.
अक्ष,
अस्,
m.
(
fr.
rt.
1.
अश्
or
अज्?
),
an
axle,
axis,
pivot,
(
in
this
sense
also
अम्,
n.
)
a
wheel,
car,
cart
pole
of
a
car
the
beam
of
a
balance
or
string
which
holds
the
pivot
of
the
beam
a
snake
terrestrial
latitude
the
lower
part
of
the
temples
[
cf.
Lat.
axis
Gr.
ἄξων
Old
Germ.
ahsa
Mod.
Germ.
Achse
Lith.
assis
].
—अक्ष-कर्ण,
अस्,
m.
the
hypotenuse,
especially
of
the
triangle
formed
with
the
gnomon
of
a
dial
and
its
shadow
(
in
astronomy
)
argument
of
the
latitude.
—अक्ष-ज,
अस्,
m.
a
dia-
mond
a
thunderbolt
a
N.
of
Viṣṇu.
—अक्ष-धुर्,
ऊर्,
f.
the
yoke
attached
to
the
fore
part
of
the
pole
of
a
car.
—अक्ष-धूर्तिल,
अस्,
m.
a
bull,
an
ox,
i.
e.
yoked
to
the
pole
of
a
cart.
—अक्ष-पीडा,
f.,
N.
of
a
plant.
—अक्ष-भाग,
अस्,
m.
a
degree
of
latitude.
—अक्ष-भार,
अस्,
m.
cart-load,
carriage-
load.
—अक्षांस
(
°ष-अं°
),
अस्,
m.
a
degree
of
latitude.
—अक्षाग्र
(
°ष-अग्°
),
अम्,
n.
the
end
of
an
axle
the
anterior
end
of
the
pole
of
a
car
an
axle.
—अक्षाग्र-कील
or
-कीलक,
अस्,
m.
a
linch-
pin
the
pin
which
fastens
the
yoke
to
the
pole.
—अक्षा-नह्,
त्,
त्,
त्,
Ved.
tied
to
a
cart
or
its
pole.
अक्ष
2.
अक्ष,
अस्,
m.
(
said
to
be
from
rt.
1.
अश्,
a
die
for
playing
with
a
cube
a
seed
of
which
rosaries
are
made
(
in
compound
words,
like
इन्द्रा-
क्ष,
रुद्राक्ष
)
a
shrub
producing
that
seed
(
Eleo-
carpus
Ganitrus
)
a
weight
called
कर्ष,
equal
to
16
māṣas
Beleric
Myrobalan
(
Terminalia
Belerica
),
the
seed
of
which
is
used
as
a
die
(
अम्
),
n.
sochal
salt
blue
vitriol
(
from
its
crystallized
shape
).
—अक्ष-
कुशल,
अस्,
आ,
अम्,
skilled
in
dice.
—अक्ष-ग्लह,
अस्,
m.
gambling,
playing
at
dice.
—अक्ष-ज्ञ,
अस्,
आ,
अम्,
skilled
in
gambling.
—अक्ष-तत्त्व,
अम्,
n.
science
of
dice.
—अक्षतत्त्व-विद्,
त्,
त्,
त्,
skilled
in
the
principles
of
gambling.
—अक्ष-देवन,
अम्,
n.
gambling,
dice-playing.
—अक्ष-देविन्,
ई,
m.
a
gamester.
—अक्ष-द्यू,
ऊस्,
m.
a
gambler,
a
dice-
player.
—अक्ष-द्यूत,
अस्,
m.
a
gambler,
a
dice-
player
(
अम्
),
n.
gambling.
—अक्ष-द्यूतिक,
अम्,
n.
dispute
at
play.
—अक्ष-द्रुग्ध,
अस्,
आ,
अम्,
hated
by,
i.
e.
unlucky
at
dice.
—अक्ष-धर,
अस्,
आ
or
ई,
अम्,
one
who
has
dice
(
अस्
),
m.
a
plant,
Trophis
Aspera
see
साखोत.
—अक्ष-धूर्त,
अस्,
m.
a
game-
ster,
a
gambler,
i.
e.
a
dice-rogue.
—अक्ष-नैपुण
or
-नैपुण्य,
अम्,
n.
skill
in
gambling.
—अक्ष-परा-
जय,
अस्,
m.
loss
in
gambling.
—अक्ष-पात,
अस्,
m.
cast
of
dice.
—अक्ष-पातन,
अम्,
n.
act
of
casting
dice.
—अक्ष-प्रिय,
अस्,
आ,
अम्,
fond
of
dice,
or
(
perhaps
)
favoured
by
the
dice,
lucky.
—अक्ष-मद,
अस्,
m.
intoxicating
passion
for
dice.
—अक्ष-मात्र,
अम्,
n.
dice,
anything
as
big
as
dice
the
twinkling
of
an
eye,
a
moment
of
time.
—अक्ष-माला,
f.
a
rosary,
a
string
or
necklace
of
beads,
especially
of
the
seeds
of
the
Eleocarpus
a
N.
of
Arunḍhatī,
wife
of
Vasiṣṭha,
from
her
wearing
a
rosary
(
अस्,
आ,
अम्
),
or
अक्ष-
मालिन्,
ई,
इनी,
इ,
wearing
a
rosary
of
seeds.
—अक्ष-
राज,
अस्,
m.
the
king
of
dice,
the
die
called
Kali.
—अक्ष-वत्,
आन्,
अती,
अत्,
having
dice,
relating
to
dice,
gambling
(
ती
),
f.
a
game
of
dice.
—अक्ष-
वाम,
अस्,
m.
an
unfair
gambler.
—१।
अक्ष-विद्,
त्,
त्,
त्,
skilful
in
gambling.
—अक्ष-वृत्त,
अस्,
आ,
अम्,
what
has
occurred
in
gambling.
—अक्ष-शौण्ड,
अस्,
आ,
अम्,
fond
of
gambling.
—अक्ष-सूत्र,
अम्,
n.
a
string
or
rosary
of
Eleocarpus
seeds.
—अक्ष-स्तुष,
अस्,
m.
Beleric
Myrobalan.
—अक्ष-हृदय,
अम्,
n.
innermost
nature
of
dice,
perfect
skill
in
gambling.
—अक्षहृदय-ज्ञ,
अस्,
आ,
अम्,
perfectly
skilled
in
gambling.
—अक्षावपन
(
°ष-आव्°
),
अम्,
n.
a
dice-
beard.
—अक्षावाप
or
अक्षातिवाप
(
°ष-अत्°
),
अस्,
m.
the
keeper
of
the
dice,
or
of
a
gambling
table.
अक्ष
3.
अक्ष,
अम्,
n.
(
fr.
rt.
1.
अश्?
),
an
organ
of
sense,
an
object
of
sense
(
अस्
),
m.
the
soul
know-
ledge,
religious
knowledge
the
law
a
lawsuit
a
person
born
blind
N.
of
Garuḍa,
of
a
son
of
Rāvaṇa,
of
a
son
of
Nara,
&c.
—अक्ष-दर्शक,
अस्,
m.
a
judge,
i.
e.
one
who
sees
lawsuits
also
अक्ष-
दृश्,
क्.
—अक्ष-पटल,
अम्,
n.
court
of
law
de-
pository
of
legal
document.
—अक्ष-पाट,
अस्,
m.
an
arena,
a
wrestling
ground,
place
of
contest.
—अक्ष-
पाटक
or
अक्ष-पाटिक,
अस्,
m.
a
judge,
i.
e.
ar-
ranger
of
a
lawsuit.
—अक्ष-पाद,
अस्,
m.
a
follower
of
the
Nyāya
or
logical
system
of
philosophy
N.
of
the
Ṛṣi
Gotama.
—अक्ष-वाट,
see
अक्ष-पाट।
—
2.
अक्ष-विद्,
त्,
त्,
त्,
versed
in
law.
अक्ष
I.
m.
(
-क्षः
)
^1
A
die,
cubic
or
oblong,
for
playing
with.
^2
Beleric
myrobalan
(
Terminalia
belerica
),
a
tree
bearing
a
medicinal
fruit,
which
is
used
also
as
a
die.
^3
A
plant
(
Elaeocarpus
Ganitrus
).
^4
The
seed
of
this
plant
of
which
rosaries
are
made.
In
this
sense
it
mostly
occurs
in
com-
position,
as
Rudrākṣa,
Indrākṣa
qq.
vv.
^5
The
name
of
a
weight,
a
Karsha
or
sixteen
māṣas.
II.
m.
(
-क्षः
)
^1
A
wheel.
^2
The
axle
of
a
wheel.
^3
A
car.
^4
A
snake.
^5
A
name
of
Garuḍa.
^6
A
proper
name,
be-
longing
to
several
persons,
as
to
the
son
of
Rāvaṇa,
to
a
prince,
son
of
Nara
&c.
^7
Terrestrial
latitude.
^8
The
string
that
supports
the
two
shafts
of
the
handle
of
a
balance
in
which
the
axis
of
the
beam
is
lodged.
^9
The
lower
part
of
the
temples.
III.
n.
(
-क्षम्
)
^1
An
eye.
^2
An
organ
of
sense.
^3
Any
thing
perceptible
by
the
senses.
^4
Sochal
salt.
^5
Blue
vitriol.
IV.
Tatpur.
m.
(
-क्षः
)
^1
The
soul.
^2
Knowledge,
especially
sacred
knowledge.
^3
Law
suit,
legal
procedings.
V.
m.
(
-क्षः
)
A
person
born
blind.
VI.
(
In
^1
Bahuvrīhi
and
^2
Avyayībhāva
compositions
as
a
substitute
for
अक्षि,
samāsta
aff.
^1
षच्
and
^2
टच्
)
An
eye.
E.
अक्ष
‘die’
is
stated
to
be
derived
from
अश्,
uṇ.
aff.
स.
For
the
etymology
of
this
word
see
the
Preface.
1.
अक्ष
अक्ष,
probably
from
a
lost
vb.
अक्ष्,
corresponding
to
ὀσσ
in
ὄσσομαι
I.
Neuter.
1.
The
eye
particularly
as
latter
part
of
comp.
Adjective.
,
Feminine.
क्षी।
2.
An
organ
of
sense,
Pañc.
ii,
d.
164.
II.
Masculine.
1.
A
die,
Man.
4,
74.
2.
The
name
of
a
plant,
Terminalia
Bellerica,
of
which
the
nuts
are
used
as
dice,
and
the
seed
for
making
rosaries.
--
Compound
कमल-पत्र-,
Adjective.
,
Feminine.
क्षी,
Adjective.
hav-
ing
eyes
like
lotus-leaves.
कूट-,
Masculine.
a
false
die.
जाल-,
Masculine.
a
lattice
window.
ताम्र-,
Adjective.
red-eyed.
तारक-,
1.
Adjective.
having
stars
for
eyes.
2.
Masculine.
a
proper
name.
त्र्यक्ष,
i.
e.
त्रि-,
I.
Adjective.
having
three
eyes.
II.
Masculine.
a
name
of
Rudra-
Śiva,
and
of
a
demon.
दशाक्ष,
i.
e.
दशन्-,
Masculine.
the
name
of
a
spell
or
charm
पद्म-,
Adjective.
lotus-eyed.
पुण्डरीक-,
Masculine.
a
name
of
Viṣṇu.
पुष्कर-,
Adjective.
lotus-eyed.
मन्द-,
Neuter.
modesty.
लोहित-,
Adjective.
red-eyed.
सहस्र-,
I.
Adjective.
thousand-eyed.
II.
Masculine.
a
name
of
Indra.
सु-,
Adjective.
1.
hand-
some-eyed.
2.
acute.
--
Cf.
ὄσσομαι,
ὄκκος
Lat.
oculus
and
see
अक्षि।
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ತಾರೆಗಿಡ
निष्पत्तिः
अक्षू
(
व्याप्तौ
)
“अच्”
(
३-१-१३४
)
|
व्युत्पत्तिः
अक्षति
।
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಬಂಡಿ
/
ಗಾಡಿ
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಬಂಡಿಯ
ಅಚ್ಚು
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಬಂಡಿಯ
ಚಕ್ರ
/
ಗಾಲಿ
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಆತ್ಮ
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಪಗಡೆಕಾಯಿ
निष्पत्तिः
अशू
(
व्याप्तौ
)
“सः”
(
उ०
३-६५
)
।
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ರುದ್ರಾಕ್ಷ
प्रयोगाः
“अक्षदामरचनोचितैः
फलैः”
।
उल्लेखाः
याद०
१७-३३
|
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಸರ್ಪ
/
ಹಾವು
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ರಾವಣನ
ಮಗ
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಗರುಡ
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಜ್ಞಾನ
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ನ್ಯಾಯ
/
ವ್ಯವಹಾರ
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಜಾತ್ಯಂಧ
/
ಹುಟ್ಟುಕುರುಡ
अक्ष
पदविभागः
पुल्लिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಹದಿನಾರು
ಮಾಷಗಳ
ತೂಕ
अक्ष
पदविभागः
नपुंसकलिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಇಂದ್ರಿಯ
निष्पत्तिः
अक्ष्
“अच्”
(
३-१-१३४
)
।
व्युत्पत्तिः
अक्ष्णोति
व्याप्नोति
विषयान्
।
अक्ष
पदविभागः
नपुंसकलिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ಸೌವರ್ಚಲವಣ
अक्ष
पदविभागः
नपुंसकलिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ನೇತ್ರ
/
ಕಣ್ಣು
प्रयोगाः
“सर्वे
तेऽनिमिषैरक्षैस्तमनुद्रुतचेतसः”
।
उल्लेखाः
रामा०
।
विस्तारः
(
ಅಕ್ಷಿಶಬ್ದವು
ಸಮಾಸಾಂತ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ
जलजाक्षः,
पुण्डरीकाक्षः
ಎಂದಾಗುವುದು
).
अक्ष
पदविभागः
नपुंसकलिङ्गः
कन्नडार्थः
ರಸಾಂಜನ
विस्तारः
1.
“अक्षो
स्थस्यावयवे
व्यवहारे
विभीतके
।
पाशके
शकटे
कर्षे
ज्ञाने
चात्मनि
रावणौ
।
अक्षं
सौवर्चले
तुत्थे
हषीके”
-
हेम०
|
2.
“अक्षो
ज्ञातार्थशकट्व्यबहारेषु
पाशके
।
रुद्राक्षेन्द्राक्षयोः
सर्पे
बिभीतकतरावपि
।
चक्रे
कर्षे
पुमान्
ब-----
तुत्थे
सौवर्चलेन्द्रिये”
-
मेदि०
|
3.
“न्यायोऽक्षो
व्यवहारोऽथ”
-
वैज०
|
Aksha.
§
615
(
Skanda
):
IX,
45,
2560
(
among
the
warriors
of
Skanda
).
Aksha
=
Śiva
(
1000
names^2
).
1.
Akṣa,
‘axle,
’
is
a
part
of
a
chariot
often
referred
to
in
the
Rigveda^1
and
later.
It
was
apparently^2
fastened
to
the
body
of
the
chariot
(
Kośa
)
by
straps
(
akṣā-nah,
lit.
‘tied
to
the
axle,
’
though
this
word
is
also^3
rendered
‘horse’
).
The
heating
of
the
axle
and
the
danger
of
its
breaking
were
known.^4
The
part
of
the
axle
round
which
the
nave
of
the
wheel
revolved
was
called
Āṇi,
‘pin.’
1
)
i.
30,
14
166,
9
iii.
53,
17
vi.
24,
3
x.
89
4,
etc.
2
)
Zimmer,
Altindisches
Leben,
246.
3
)
Rv.
x.
53,
7.
Cf.
Roth,
St.
Peters-
burg
Dictionary,
s.v.
4
)
Rv.
i.
164,
13.
2.
Akṣa.
—
This
word
occurs
frequently,
from
the
Rigveda
onwards,
both
in
the
singular
and
plural,
meaning
‘die’
and
‘dice.’
Dicing,
along
with
horse-racing,
was
one
of
the
main
amusements
of
the
Vedic
Indian
but,
despite
the
frequent
mention
of
the
game
in
the
literature,
there
is
considerable
difficulty
in
obtaining
any
clear
picture
of
the
mode
in
which
it
was
played.
(
1
)
The
Material.
—
The
dice
appear
normally
to
have
been
made
of
Vibhīdaka
nuts.
Such
dice
are
alluded
to
in
both
the
Rigveda^1
and
the
Atharvaveda,
^2
hence
being
called
‘brown’
(
babhru
),
and
‘born
on
a
windy
spot.’^3
In
the
ritual
game
of
dice
at
the
Agnyādheya
and
the
Rājasūya
ceremonies
the
material
of
the
dice
is
not
specified,
but
it
is
possible
that
occasionally
gold
imitations
of
Vibhīdaka
nuts
were
used.^4
There
is
no
clear
trace
in
the
Vedic
literature
of
the
later
use
of
cowries
as
dice.^5
(
2
)
The
Number.
—
In
the
Rigveda^6
the
dicer
is
described
as
‘leader
of
a
great
horde’
(
senānīr
mahato
gaṇasya
),
and
in
another
passage^7
the
number
is
given
as
tri-pañcāśaḥ,
an
expres-
sion
which
has
been
variously
interpreted.
Ludwig,
^8
Weber,
^9
and
Zimmer^10
render
it
as
fifteen,
which
is
grammatically
hardly
possible.
Roth^11
and
Grassmann^12
render
it
as
‘con-
sisting
of
fifty-three.’
Lüders^13
takes
it
as
‘consisting
of
one
hundred
and
fifty,
’
but
he
points
out
that
this
may
be
merely
a
vague
expression
for
a
large
number.
For
a
small
number
Zimmer^14
cites
a
reference
in
the
Rigveda^15
to
one
who
fears
‘him
who
holds
four’
(
caturaś
cid
dadamānāt
),
but
the
sense
of
that
passage
is
dependent
on
the
view
taken
of
the
method
of
playing
the
game.
(
3
)
The
Method
of
Play.
—
In
several
passages
of
the
later
Saṃhitās
and
Brāhmaṇas
lists
are
given
of
expressions
con-
nected
with
dicing.
The
names
are
Kṛta,
Tretā,
Dvāpara,
Āskanda,
and
Abhibhū
in
the
Taittirīya
Saṃhitā.^16
In
the
Vājasaneyi
Saṃhitā,
^17
among
the
victims
at
the
Puruṣamedha,
the
kitava
is
offered
to
the
Akṣarāja,
the
ādinava-darśa
to
the
Kṛta,
the
kalpin
to
the
Tretā,
the
adhi-kalpin
to
the
Dvāpara,
the
sabhā-sthāṇu
to
the
Āskanda.
The
lists
in
the
parallel
version
of
the
Taittirīya
Brāhmaṇa
are
kitava,
sabhāvin,
ādinava-
darśa,
bahiḥ-sad,
and
sabhā-sthāṇu,
^18
and
Aksarāja,
Kṛta,
Tretā,
Dvāpara,
and
Kali.
From
the
Śatapatha
Brāhmaṇa^19
it
appears
that
another
name
of
Kali
was
Abhibhū,
and
the
parallel
lists
in
the
Taittirīya
and
Vājasaneyi
Saṃhitās
suggest
that
Abhibhū
and
Akṣarāja
are
identical,
though
both
appear
in
the
late
Taittirīya
Brāhmaṇa
list.
The
names
of
some
of
these
throws
go
back
even
to
the
Rigveda
and
the
Atharvaveda.
Kali
occurs
in
the
latter,
^20
and
Lüders^21
shows
that
in
a
considerable
number
of
passages
in
the
former
Kṛta
means
a
‘throw’
(
not
‘a
stake’^22
or
‘what
is
won’^23
and
this
sense
is
clearly
found
in
the
Atharvaveda.^24
Moreover,
that
there
were
more
throws
(
ayāḥ
)
than
one
is
proved
by
a
passage
in
the
Rigveda,
^25
when
the
gods
are
compared
to
throws
as
giving
or
destroying
wealth.
The
nature
of
the
throws
is
obscure.
The
St.
Petersburg
Dictionary
conjectures
that
the
names
given
above
were
applied
either
to
dice
marked
4,
3,
2,
or
1,
or
to
the
sides
of
the
dice
so
marked,
and
the
latter
interpretation
is
supported
by
some
late
commentators.^26
But
there
is
no
evidence
for
the
former
interpretation,
and,
as
regards
the
latter,
the
shape
of
the
Vibhīdaka
nuts,
^27
used
as
dice,
forbids
any
side
being
properly
on
the
top.
Light
is
thrown
on
the
expressions
by
the
descrip-
tion
of
a
ritual
game^28
at
the
Agnyādheya
and
at
the
Rājasūya
ceremonies.
The
details
are
not
certain,
^29
but
it
is
clear
that
the
game
consisted
in
securing
even
numbers
of
dice,
usually
a
number
divisible
by
four,
the
Kṛta,
the
other
three
throws
then
being
the
Tretā,
when
three
remained
over
after
division
by
four
the
Dvāpara,
when
two
was
the
remainder
and
the
Kali,
when
one
remained.
If
five
were
the
dividing
number,
then
the
throw
which
showed
no
remainder
was
Kali,
the
Kṛta
was
that
when
four
was
left,
and
so
on.
The
dice
had
no
numerals
marked
on
them,
the
only
question
being
what
was
the
total
number
of
the
dice
themselves.
There
is
no
reason
to
doubt
that
the
game
as
played
in
the
Rigveda
was
based
on
the
same
principle,
though
the
details
must
remain
doubtful.
The
number
of
dice
used
was
certainly
large,
^30
and
the
reference
to
throwing
fours,
^31
and
losing
by
one,
points
to
the
use
of
the
Kṛta
as
the
winning
throw.
The
Atharvaveda,
^32
on
the
other
hand,
possibly
knew
of
the
Kali
as
the
winning
throw.
In
one
respect
the
ordinary
game
must
have
differed
from
the
ritual
game.
In
the
latter
the
players
merely
pick
out
the
number
of
dice
required
—
no
doubt
to
avoid
ominous
errors,
such
as
must
have
happened
if
a
real
game
had
been
played.
In
the
secular
game
the
dice
were
thrown,
^33
perhaps
on
the
principle
suggested
by
Lüders:^34
the
one
throwing
a
certain
number
on
the
place
of
playing,
and
the
other
then
throwing
a
number
to
make
up
with
those
already
thrown
a
multiple
of
four
or
five.
This
theory,
at
any
rate,
accounts
for
the
later
stress
laid
on
the
power
of
computation
in
a
player,
as
in
the
Nala.
No
board
appears
to
have
been
used,
but
a
depression
on
which
the
dice
were
thrown
(
adhi-devana,
devana,
^35
iriṇa^36
),
was
made
in
the
ground.
No
dice
box
was
used,
but
reference
is
made
to
a
case
for
keeping
dice
in
(
akṣa-vapana^37
The
throw
was
called
graha^38
or
earlier
grābha.^39
The
stake
is
called
vij.^40
Serious
losses
could
be
made
at
dicing:
in
the
Rigveda
a
dicer
laments
the
loss
of
all
his
property,
including
his
wife.^41
Lüders^42
finds
a
different
form
of
the
game
referred
to
in
the
Chāndogya
Upaniṣad.^43
1
)
vii.
86,
6
x.
34,
1.
2
)
Av.
Paipp.
xx.
4,
6.
3
)
Rv.
x.
34,
5
Av.
vii.
114,
7
Rv.
x.
34,
1.
4
)
Sāyaṇa
on
Taittirīya
Saṃhitā,
i.
8,
6,
12
Śatapatha
Brāhmaṇa,
v.
4,
4,
6.
5
)
Sāyaṇa,
loc.
cit.,
and
on
Rv.
i.
41,
9
Mahīdhara
on
Vājasaneyi
Saṃhitā,
x.
28.
6
)
x.
34,
12.
7
)
x.
34,
8.
8
)
See
his
translation.
9
)
Über
das
Rājāsūya,
72.
10
)
Altindisches
Leben,
284.
11
)
Following
Sāyaṇa
on
Rv.
x.
34,
8.
12
)
In
his
translation.
13
)
Das
Würfelspiel
im
alten
Indien,
25.
14
)
Op.
cit.,
283.
15
)
i.
41,
9.
16
)
iv.
3,
3,
1.
2.
17
)
xxx.
18.
18
)
iii.
4,
1,
16.
These
must
be
persons
conversant
with
dicing,
but
the
exact
sense
of
the
names
is
unknown.
19
)
v.
4,
4,
6.
20
)
vii.
114,
1.
21
)
Op.
cit.,
43
et
seq,
22
)
St.
Petersburg
Dictionary,
s.v.
23
)
Grassmann's
Dictionary,
s.v.
24
)
vii.
52.
See
Rv.
x.
42,
9
(
kṛtaṃ
vicinoti
)
43,
5
x.
102,
2
v.
60,
1
ix.
97,
58
i.
132,
1
x.
34,
6
i.
100,
9
viii.
19,
10.
25
)
x.
116,
9.
26
)
Ānandagiri
on
Chāndogya
Upani-
ṣad,
iv.
1,
4
Nīlakaṇṭha
on
Mahā-
bhārata,
iv.
50,
24.
27
)
Lüders,
op.
cit.,
18.
28
)
Baudhāyana
Śrauta
Sūtra,
ii.
8
9
Āpastamba
Śrauta
Sūtra,
v,
19,
4
20,
1,
with
Rudradatta's
note,
for
the
Agnyādheya.
Āpastamba,
xviii.
18,
16
st
seq.,
describes
the
Rājasūya
game,
and
cf.
Maitrāyaṇī
Saṃhitā,
iv.
4,
6
Taittirīya
Brāhmaṇa,
i.
7,
10,
5
Śata-
patha
Brāhmaṇa,
v.
4,
4,
6
Kātyāyana
Srauta
Sūtra,
xv.
7,
5
et
seq.
For
Kṛta
as
four,
see
Śatapatha
Brāhmaṇa,
xiii.
3,
2,
1
Taittirīya
Brāhmaṇa,
i.
5,
11,
1.
29
)
See
Caland,
Zeitschrift
der
Deut-
schen
Morgenländischen
Gesellschaft,
62,
123
et
seq.
30
)
Rv.
x.
34,
8.
31
)
Rv.
i.
41,
9.
In
x.
34,
2,
the
loss
is
ascribed
to
akṣasya
ekaparasya,
which
confirms
the
explanation
of
Dvāpara
given
in
Pāṇiṇi,
ii.
1,
10.
32
)
vii.
114,
1.
33
)
Rv.
x.
34,
1.
8.
9
Av.
iv.
38,
3.
34
)
Op.
cit.
56.
35
)
Adhidevana
in
Av.
v.
31,
6
vi.
70,
1
Maitrāyaṇī
Saṃhitā
i.
6,
11
iv.
4,
6,
etc.
devana
in
Rv.
x.
43,
5.
The
falling
of
the
dice
on
the
ground
is
referred
to
in
Av.
vii.
114,
2.
36
)
Rv.
x.
34,
1.
37
)
Śatapatha
Brāhmaṇa,
v.
3,
1,
11.
38
)
Av.
iv.
38,
1
et
seq.
cf.
vii.
114,
5.
39
)
Rv.
viii.
81,
1
ix.
106,
3.
40
)
Rv.
i.
92,
10
ii.
12,
5
lakṣa
in
ii.
12,
4,
and
often
dhana.
So
Lüders,
op.
cit.,
10,
n.
5
62,
n.
1.
Roth
and
Zimmer,
op.
cit.,
286,
render
‘he
makes
the
dice
secretly
disappear’
(
i.
92,
10
).
41
)
Rv.
x.
34,
2.
For
cheating
at
play
cf.
Rv.
v,
85,
8
vii.
86,
6
104
14
Av.
vi.
118.
42
)
Op.
cit.,
61.
43
)
iv.
1,
4
6.
According
to
Nīla-
kaṇṭha
on
Harivaṃśa,
ii.
61,
39,
the
stake
was
divided
into
ten
parts,
and
the
Kali
then
took
one,
the
Dvāpara
three,
the
Tretā
six,
and
the
Kṛta
all
ten.
This
explanation
seems
harsh.
Cf.
Roth,
Gurupūjākaumudī,
1-4
Zimmer,
Altindisches
Leben,
283-287
Lüders,
Das
Würfelspiel
im
alten
Indien
Caland,
Zeitschrift
der
Deutschen
Morgen-
ländischen
Gesellschaft,
62,
123
et
seq.
Keith,
Journal
of
the
Royal
Asiatic
Society,
1908,
823
et
seq.
अक्ष
अक्ष
masculine
primitivt.
tout
objet
circulaire
ou
tournant:
roue,
et
par
extchar
gr.
ἄξων
lat.
axis
germ.
achse.
Osselet,
dé
oblong,
puis
cubique
grain
de
chapelet
de
l'elæocarpus
terminalia
belerica,
bot.
Esp.
de
serpent
surnom
de
गरुड।
Au
fig.
connaissance,
savoir
connaissance
d'un
procès.
À
la
fin
des
composés,
अक्ष
s'emploie
pour
अक्षि,
œil.
À
ce
sens
se
rapporte
celui
de
aveugle-né.
१
अक्ष-
Masculine.
dé
(
à
jouer
)
Neuter.
d'une
plante
(
Terminalia
Bellerica
).
°कितव-
Masculine.
joueur
(
de
dés
).
°कूट-
nt.
tricherie
aux
dés.
°क्षपण-
Masculine.
Neuter.
d'un
joueur.
°ग्लह-
Masculine.
lancement
des
dés.
°देवितृ-
ag.
joueur
de
dés
°देविन्-
°धूर्त-
Masculine.
id.
°द्यूत-
nt.
jeu
de
dés.
°भूमि-
Feminine.
place
pour
jouer
aux
dés.
°मद-
Masculine.
passion
au
jeu
de
dés.
°माला-
Feminine.
rosaire
(
fait
avec
les
grains
d'une
plante
)
Arundhatī
-इका-
rosaire
-इन्-
Masculine.
Śiva.
°वलय-
nt.
rosaire
-इन्-
a.
qui
porte
un
rosaire.
°सूत्र-
nt.
id.
°हृदय-
nt.
secret
au
jeu
de
dés
ou
adresse
extrême
à
ce
jeu.
अक्षातिवाप-
Masculine.
surveillant
du
jeu
(
?
).
अक्षावली-
Feminine.
rosaire.
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