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उपस्ति (upasti)

 
Capeller Eng
English
उ॑पस्ति
m.
 inferior, a follower, servant.
उपस्ति॑
m.
 inferior, a follower, servant.
Apte
English
उपस्तिः [upastiḥ],
Ved.
A tree.
An attendant, a follower, servant.
Apte 1890
English
उपस्तिः Ved. 1 A tree.
2 An attendant, a follower, servant.
Monier Williams Cologne
English
उ॑प-स्ति and उप-स्ति॑ (AV. )
mfn.
 (fr. स्-ति [√ 1. अस्] with उप
cf.
 अभि-ष्टि
fr.
 √ स्त्यै Comm. on
VS.
 xii, 101), being lower or inferior, subordinate, subject, submissive,
RV.
 x, 97, 23
=
VS.
 xii, 101
=
AV.
 vi, 15, 1
AV.
 iii, 5, 6
7
TS.
TBr.
Kāṭh.
Monier Williams 1872
English
उपस्ति उप-स्ति, इस्, m. (fr. rt. 1. अस् with उप),
Ved. an attendant, a follower, a servant, a subject.
Macdonell
English
उपस्ति úpa-sti (or -stí),
m.
 dependent, servant.
Vedic Reference
English
Upa-sti denotes both in the Rigveda^1 and the Atharvaveda^2 a
‘dependent, ’ just as later in the Epic^3 the subordination of the
Vaiśya to the two superior castes is expressed by the verb
upa-sthā, ‘stand under, ’ ‘support.’ The word also appears,
with the same sense, in the form of Sti, but only in the
Rigveda.^4 The exact nature of the dependence connoted by
the term is quite uncertain. Zimmer^5 conjectures that the
‘dependents’ were the members of defeated Aryan tribes who
became clients of the king, as among the Greeks, Romans, and
Germans, the term possibly including persons who had lost
their freedom through dicing.^6 The evidence of the Athar-
vaveda^7 shows that among the Upastis were included the
chariot-makers (ratha-kāra), the smiths (takṣan), and the
charioteers (sūta), and troop-leaders (grāma-ṇī), while the
Rigveda passages negative the possibility of the ‘subjects’ (sti)
being the whole people. It is therefore fair to assume that
they were the clients proper of the king, not servile, but
attached in a special relation to him as opposed to the ordinary
population. They may well have included among them not
only the classes suggested by Zimmer, but also higher elements,
such as refugees from other clans, as well as ambitious men
who sought advancement in the royal service. Indeed, the
Sūta and the Grāmaṇī were, as such, officers of the king's house-
hold — kingmakers, not themselves kings, as they are described
in the Atharvaveda.^8 The use of the word in the Taittirīya
Saṃhitā, ^9 the Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, ^10 and the Kāṭhaka, ^11 is
purely metaphorical, as well as in the one passage of the
Rigveda in which it occurs. In the Paippalāda recension of
the Atharvaveda, ^12 Vaiśya, Śūdra, and Ārya are referred to as
Upastis, perhaps in the general sense of ‘subject.’
1) x. 97, 23 (= Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā,
xii. 101
Av. vi. 15, 1).
2) iii. 5, 6.
3) Hopkins, Journal of the American
Oriental Society, 13, 92.
4) vii. 19, 11
x. 148, 4
sti-pa, vii. 66,
3
x. 69, 4.
5) Altindisches Leben, 184, 185.
6) Rv. x. 34.
7) Av. iii. 5, 6. 7.
8) iii. 5, 7.
9) vii. 2, 5, 4. Cf. vi. 5, 8, 2.
10) iii. 3, 5, 4.
11) xxxi. 9.
12) iii. 5, 7.
Cf. Ludwig, Translation of the Rig-
veda, 3, 246
Whitney, Translation of
the Atharvaveda, 92
Weber, Indische
Studien, 17, 196 et seq.
वाचस्पत्यम्
Sanskrit
उपस्ति
पु०
 उप + स्त्यै--इन् नि० । वृक्षे । “उपस्तिरस्तु सोऽ-स्माकम्” यजु० १२, १०१, “उपास्त्यायन्ति उपकारायोपद्रवनिराकरणाय च समोपे संहतास्तिष्ठन्तीत्युपस्तयः वृक्षाःवेददी० ।
Capeller
German
उ॑पस्ति u. उपस्ति॑
m.
 Untergebener, Diener.
Grassman
German
úpasti, m., der Untergebene [von as, sein, mit úpa].
-is {923, 23}.
-ayas {923, 23}.