high
This section shows the AI summary for the selected word, generated by referencing all available dictionaries. This feature is available only for logged-in users.
Warning!
This feature is only for logged in users. Please login to have full access to Kosha.
Spoken Sanskrit
Englishप्रशस्ततम - prazastatama - - highend [ computer ]
श्रेष्ठतम - zreSThatama - - highend [ computer ]
उच्चाङ्क - uccAGka - - highbit [ computer ]
उल्लम्फ - ullampha - - highjump
उच्चलम्फ - uccalampha - - highjump
उद्वर्ण - udvarNa - - highlight [ computer ]
उत्कूर्दन - utkUrdana - - highjump
{ उल्लम्फं कृ } - {ullamphaMkR} - verb - jumphigh
उद्वर्णयति - udvarNayati - verb - highlight [ computer ]
प्रवेग - pravega - - highspeed
मनस्विन् - manasvin - - high-minded
उत्तमगुणक - uttamaguNaka - - highresolution [ computer ]
प्रौढशालायाम् - prauDhazAlAyAm - loc. - inahighschool
राजमार्ग - rAjamArga - - nationalhighway
द्रुतगतिकविपरिवर्तक - drutagatikaviparivartaka - - high-speedmodem [ computer ]
वेगवद्विपरिवर्तक - vegavadviparivartaka - - high-speedmodem [ computer ]
उच्चशिक्षण - uccazikSaNa - - highereducation
उच्चस्तरीयविधिभाषा - uccastarIyavidhibhASA - - high-levelprogramminglanguage [ computer ]
उच्चविधिभाषा - uccavidhibhASA - - high-levelprogramminglanguage [ computer ]
व्युत्पन्नविधिभाषा - vyutpannavidhibhASA - - high-levelprogramminglanguage [ computer ]
उदित { २ } - udita { 2 } - - high
उदित { २ } - udita { 2 } - - tall
उदित { २ } - udita { 2 } - - being above
उदित { २ } - udita { 2 } - - ascended
ऋष्व - RSva - - high
ऋष्व - RSva - - sublime
ऋष्व - RSva - - great
ऋष्व - RSva - - noble
ऋष्व - RSva - - elevated
प्रशस्ततम - prazastatama - - highend [ computer ]
श्रेष्ठतम - zreSThatama - - highend [ computer ]
उच्चाङ्क - uccAGka - - highbit [ computer ]
उल्लम्फ - ullampha - - highjump
उच्चलम्फ - uccalampha - - highjump
उद्वर्ण - udvarNa - - highlight [ computer ]
उत्कूर्दन - utkUrdana - - highjump
{ उल्लम्फं कृ } - {ullamphaMkR} - verb - jumphigh
उद्वर्णयति - udvarNayati - verb - highlight [ computer ]
प्रवेग - pravega - - highspeed
मनस्विन् - manasvin - - high-minded
उत्तमगुणक - uttamaguNaka - - highresolution [ computer ]
प्रौढशालायाम् - prauDhazAlAyAm - loc. - inahighschool
राजमार्ग - rAjamArga - - nationalhighway
द्रुतगतिकविपरिवर्तक - drutagatikaviparivartaka - - high-speedmodem [ computer ]
वेगवद्विपरिवर्तक - vegavadviparivartaka - - high-speedmodem [ computer ]
उच्चशिक्षण - uccazikSaNa - - highereducation
उच्चस्तरीयविधिभाषा - uccastarIyavidhibhASA - - high-levelprogramminglanguage [ computer ]
उच्चविधिभाषा - uccavidhibhASA - - high-levelprogramminglanguage [ computer ]
व्युत्पन्नविधिभाषा - vyutpannavidhibhASA - - high-levelprogramminglanguage [ computer ]
उच्छ्रयोपेत ucchrayopeta high
उच्छ्रयोपेत ucchrayopeta lofty
उच्छ्रयोपेत ucchrayopeta elevated
उच्छ्रयोपेत ucchrayopeta possessing height
ककुह kakuha high
ककुह kakuha eminent
ककुह kakuha great
ककुह kakuha lofty
समुन्मुख samunmukha high
समुन्मुख samunmukha having the face erected
समुन्मुख samunmukha upright
Monier Williams
EnglishHIGH, (Lofty) उच्चः -च्चा -च्चं, उन्नतः -ता -तं, उच्छ्रितः -ता -तं, समुन्नतः
-ता -तं, समुच्छ्रितः -ता -तं, अभ्युच्छ्रितः -ता -तं, सोच्छ्रायः -या -यं, उच्छ्रायी
-यिणी -यि (न्), प्रांशुः -शुः -शु, तुङ्गः -ङ्गा -ङ्गं, उत्तुङ्गः -ङ्गा -ङ्गं, उदग्रः
-ग्रा -ग्रं, उद्गतः -ता -तं, उन्नम्रः -म्रा -म्रं, ऊर्द्ध्वः -र्द्ध्वा -र्द्ध्वं, उत्तरः -रा -रं,
उत्तमः -मा -मं, दीर्घः -र्घा -र्घं
‘a high tree, ’ उच्चतरुः , दीर्घतरुः.
— (Elevated in rank) उत्कृष्टः -ष्टा -ष्टं, उत्कृष्टपदस्थः -स्था -स्थं, प्रति-
पत्तिमान् -मती -मत् (त्), उत्तमपदस्थः -स्था -स्थं, अनवमः -मा -मं, अनीचः
-चा -चं.
— (Noble, of high family) महाकुलः -ला -लं -लीनः -ना
-नं.
— (Haughty) गर्व्वी -र्व्विणी -र्व्वि (न्), गर्व्वोद्धतः -ता -तं, उन्नतचेताः
-ताः -तः (स्), उन्नद्धचेताः &c. , उद्धतः -ता -तं, समुद्धतः -ता -तं, उत्सिक्तः
-क्ता -क्तं.
— (Capital, great, chief) उत्तमः -मा -मं, परमः -मा -मं,
मुख्यः -ख्या -ख्यं, श्रेष्ठः -ष्ठा -ष्ठं, प्रधान in comp. , महा in comp.
—
(As sound) उदात्तः -त्ता -त्तं, उत्तालः -ला -लं, कलोत्तालः -ला -लं
‘a high tone, ’ उदात्तः, उच्चस्वरः, तारः
‘in a high tone, ’
उदात्तस्वरेण, उच्चैःस्वरेण
‘high and low, ’ उत्तमाधमः -मा -मं,
उत्कृष्टापकृष्टः -ष्टा -ष्टं, उत्तराधरः -रा -रं, उच्चावचः -चा -चं, उन्नतानतः
-ता -तं, निम्नोन्नतः -ता -तं
‘the high and low, ’ उत्तमाधमौ ,
उत्कृष्टापकृष्टौ
‘very high, ’ अत्युच्चः -च्चा -च्चं
‘higher
and higher, ’ उत्तरोत्तरं
‘highest, ’ उत्तमः -मा -मं, परमः -मा -मं
‘a high price, ’ दुर्मूल्यं
‘a high wind, ’ प्रबलवायुः , प्रचण्ड-
वायुः, अतिवातः
‘high ground, ’ उन्नतभूभागः
‘as high as
an elephant, ’ गजद्वयसः -सी -सं, गजमात्रः -त्री -त्रं, गजदघ्नः -घ्नी -घ्नं,
गजपरिमाणः -णा -णं.
Borooah
English IGH (adj. ):
(1) उच्चः (च्चा, च्चं)
or
उच्चैः (indec.).
h. places:
उच्चैः स्थानानि,
but now a h. er
(place)
than that on account of your favour of
remembrance:
अद्य तूच्चै स्तरं ताभ्यां स्मरणानुग्रहात्तव,
vi. 19.
much more one so h. (i.e. noble:
) किं पुनर्यस्तथोच्चैः, 1. 17.
h. -minded:
उच्चमनस्कः (स्का, स्कं)
of a h. family, h.-born:
उच्चवंशजः (जा, जं)
at a h. price:
उच्चमूल्येन
h.
talk:
उच्चप्रलापः, : aughty
h. education:
उच्चशिक्षा (after Bengali)
(2) उन्नतः (ता, तं),
सम्- (= lofty),
h. summit:
उन्नतं शैलाग्रम्,
connected with that h. (personage): उन्नतेन तेन
योजितसम्बन्धः (न्धा, न्धं), vi. 30.
(3) उच्छ्रितः
(ता, तं), सम्-, (lit. =h.
=lofty: rare),
h. umbrella:
उच्छ्रितं च्छत्रम्, xvii. 33.
six feet
h.:
चतुर्हस्तोच्छ्रितः (ता, तं)
h. sound:
समुच्छ्रितो रवः,
(4) तुङ्ग (f. ङ्गा), उद्-, (= 3: rare),
even a h. mountain is accessible:
गम्यस्तुङ्गोऽपि भूघरः,
xi. 63,
(5) प्रांशु (mfn. ) (= tall: )
(6) महत् (f. ती) (when h. =great),
h. plea-
sure:
महासुखम्
h. admiral:
*महानाविकनायकः
h.
priest:
*महान् पुरोहितः: Also chief. Ph.:
h.
note:
उदात्तस्वरः
h. wind:
गुरुसमीरः,
it is
h. noon:
मध्यमलङ्करोति भानुः
h. time:
समुचितकालः
h. water:
प्रवृद्धा वेला
h. meat:
उग्रमांसम्
h. anti-
quity:
अतिपूर्वकालः
h. sauce:
उग्रोपस्करः
h. er
and h. er:
अधिकाधिकम् (= more and more)
h.
est: extreme: : परः (रा, रं)
h.
treason:
राजद्रोहः, -अपराधः
he has h. opinion of
you:
स त्वामुच्चैर्मन्यते
on h.
ऊर्द्धम्
from on h.:
उपरिष्टात्।
Help us improve! Let us know about any improvements, bugs, or suggestions you have. Thanks.Click here for Feedback Form
Raghuvira
English high
Education
Educ. उच्च (see primary)
high
adj. 1.उच्च, ऊंचा
2.अधिक, अत्यन्त, अति-
3.Colours a. (in brilliance) प्र, प्रशुभ्र b. (in saturation)
उत्, उद्विशद
high
Geography
n. Meteorol. (an area of high barometric pressure)
उच्चपीड m.
अमरकोशः
SanskritWord: महत्
Root: महत्
Gender: undefined
Number: undefined
Meaning(s):
⇒ high
⇒ best
⇒ lofty
⇒ noble
⇒ right
⇒ great
⇒ gentle
⇒ honest
⇒ proper
⇒ active
⇒ upright
⇒ lenient
⇒ sincere
⇒ exalted
⇒ liberal
⇒ exciting
⇒ generous
⇒ eloquent
⇒ excellent
⇒ effecting
⇒ bountiful
⇒ energetic
⇒ munificent
⇒ recitation
⇒ illustrious
⇒ unperplexed
⇒ figure in rhetoric
⇒ rising fog or vapour
⇒ sort of grain with long stalks
Shloka(s):
3|3|192|2 ► उदारो दातृमहतोरितरस्त्वन्यनीचयोः॥ (नानार्थवर्गः)
3|4|17|1 ► अल्पे नीचैर्महत्युच्चैः प्रायो भूम्न्यद्रुते शनैः। (अव्ययवर्गः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 3|3|192|2 ⇢ उदारः (उदार) (पुं) ⇒ high, best, lofty, noble, right, great, gentle, honest, proper, active, upright, lenient, sincere, exalted, liberal, exciting, generous, eloquent, excellent, effecting, bountiful, energetic, munificent, recitation, illustrious, unperplexed, figure in rhetoric, rising fog or vapour, sort of grain with long stalks
➠ 3|3|192|2 ⇢ (उदार) (स्त्री) ⇒ high, best, lofty, noble, right, great, gentle, honest, proper, active, upright, lenient, sincere, exalted, liberal, exciting, generous, eloquent, excellent, effecting, bountiful, energetic, munificent, recitation, illustrious, unperplexed, figure in rhetoric, rising fog or vapour, sort of grain with long stalks
➠ 3|3|192|2 ⇢ उदारम् (उदार) (नपुं) ⇒ high, best, lofty, noble, right, great, gentle, honest, proper, active, upright, lenient, sincere, exalted, liberal, exciting, generous, eloquent, excellent, effecting, bountiful, energetic, munificent, recitation, illustrious, unperplexed, figure in rhetoric, rising fog or vapour, sort of grain with long stalks
➠ 3|4|17|1 ⇢ (उच्चैस्) (अव्य)
Related word(s):
जातिः ➡ परिमाणः
Word: वृद्धिमत्
Root: वृद्धिमत्
Gender: undefined
Number: undefined
Meaning(s):
⇒ high
⇒ born
⇒ lofty
⇒ risen
⇒ arisen
⇒ active
⇒ come in
⇒ eminent
⇒ elevated
⇒ produced
⇒ extended
⇒ happened
⇒ striving
⇒ occurring
⇒ advancing
⇒ increasing
⇒ come forth
⇒ originated
⇒ endeavouring
⇒ risen or rising
⇒ exerting one's self
Shloka(s):
3|3|85|1 ► जातोन्नद्धप्रवृद्धाः स्युरुच्छ्रिता उत्थितास्त्वमी। (नानार्थवर्गः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 3|3|85|1 ⇢ उत्थितः (उत्थित) (पुं) ⇒ high, born, lofty, risen, arisen, active, come in, eminent, elevated, produced, extended, happened, striving, occurring, advancing, increasing, come forth, originated, endeavouring, risen or rising, exerting one's self
➠ 3|3|85|1 ⇢ (उत्थित) (स्त्री) ⇒ high, born, lofty, risen, arisen, active, come in, eminent, elevated, produced, extended, happened, striving, occurring, advancing, increasing, come forth, originated, endeavouring, risen or rising, exerting one's self
➠ 3|3|85|1 ⇢ उत्थितम् (उत्थित) (नपुं) ⇒ high, born, lofty, risen, arisen, active, come in, eminent, elevated, produced, extended, happened, striving, occurring, advancing, increasing, come forth, originated, endeavouring, risen or rising, exerting one's self
Related word(s):
जातिः ➡ अवस्था
Word: उत्पन्नः
Root: उत्पन्नः
Gender: undefined
Number: undefined
Meaning(s):
⇒ high
⇒ born
⇒ lofty
⇒ risen
⇒ arisen
⇒ active
⇒ come in
⇒ eminent
⇒ elevated
⇒ produced
⇒ extended
⇒ happened
⇒ striving
⇒ occurring
⇒ advancing
⇒ increasing
⇒ come forth
⇒ originated
⇒ endeavouring
⇒ risen or rising
⇒ exerting one's self
Shloka(s):
3|3|85|1 ► जातोन्नद्धप्रवृद्धाः स्युरुच्छ्रिता उत्थितास्त्वमी। (नानार्थवर्गः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 3|3|85|1 ⇢ उत्थितः (उत्थित) (पुं) ⇒ high, born, lofty, risen, arisen, active, come in, eminent, elevated, produced, extended, happened, striving, occurring, advancing, increasing, come forth, originated, endeavouring, risen or rising, exerting one's self
➠ 3|3|85|1 ⇢ (उत्थित) (स्त्री) ⇒ high, born, lofty, risen, arisen, active, come in, eminent, elevated, produced, extended, happened, striving, occurring, advancing, increasing, come forth, originated, endeavouring, risen or rising, exerting one's self
➠ 3|3|85|1 ⇢ उत्थितम् (उत्थित) (नपुं) ⇒ high, born, lofty, risen, arisen, active, come in, eminent, elevated, produced, extended, happened, striving, occurring, advancing, increasing, come forth, originated, endeavouring, risen or rising, exerting one's self
Related word(s):
जातिः ➡ शेषः
Word: प्रोद्यतः
Root: प्रोद्यतः
Gender: undefined
Number: undefined
Meaning(s):
⇒ high
⇒ born
⇒ lofty
⇒ risen
⇒ arisen
⇒ active
⇒ come in
⇒ eminent
⇒ elevated
⇒ produced
⇒ extended
⇒ happened
⇒ striving
⇒ occurring
⇒ advancing
⇒ increasing
⇒ come forth
⇒ originated
⇒ endeavouring
⇒ risen or rising
⇒ exerting one's self
Shloka(s):
3|3|85|1 ► जातोन्नद्धप्रवृद्धाः स्युरुच्छ्रिता उत्थितास्त्वमी। (नानार्थवर्गः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 3|3|85|1 ⇢ उत्थितः (उत्थित) (पुं) ⇒ high, born, lofty, risen, arisen, active, come in, eminent, elevated, produced, extended, happened, striving, occurring, advancing, increasing, come forth, originated, endeavouring, risen or rising, exerting one's self
➠ 3|3|85|1 ⇢ (उत्थित) (स्त्री) ⇒ high, born, lofty, risen, arisen, active, come in, eminent, elevated, produced, extended, happened, striving, occurring, advancing, increasing, come forth, originated, endeavouring, risen or rising, exerting one's self
➠ 3|3|85|1 ⇢ उत्थितम् (उत्थित) (नपुं) ⇒ high, born, lofty, risen, arisen, active, come in, eminent, elevated, produced, extended, happened, striving, occurring, advancing, increasing, come forth, originated, endeavouring, risen or rising, exerting one's self
Related word(s):
जातिः ➡ शेषः
Word: अत्युच्चध्वनिः
Root: अत्युच्चध्वनिः
Gender: undefined
Number: undefined
Meaning(s):
⇒ high
⇒ good
⇒ loud
⇒ clear
⇒ clean
⇒ saving
⇒ shrill
⇒ radiant
⇒ saviour
⇒ shining
⇒ excellent
⇒ protector
⇒ clear pearl
⇒ well flavoured
⇒ carrying across
⇒ shrill a high tone
⇒ loud or shrill note
⇒ mystical monosyllable
⇒ clearness or transparency of a pearl
⇒ sorghum plant [Andropogon bicolor - Bot.]
Shloka(s):
1|7|2|2 ► कलो मन्द्रस्तु गम्भीरे तारोऽत्युच्चैस्त्रयस्त्रिषु॥ (नाट्यवर्गः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 1|7|2|2 ⇢ तारः (तार) (पुं) ⇒ high, good, loud, clear, clean, saving, shrill, radiant, saviour, shining, excellent, protector, clear pearl, well flavoured, carrying across, shrill a high tone, loud or shrill note, mystical monosyllable, clearness or transparency of a pearl, sorghum plant [Andropogon bicolor - Bot.]
Related word(s):
परा_अपरासंबन्धः ➡ शब्दः
जातिः ➡ पौरुषेयः
Word: राज्यम्
Root: राज्यम्
Gender: undefined
Number: undefined
Meaning(s):
⇒ big
⇒ many
⇒ high
⇒ loud
⇒ huge
⇒ long
⇒ power
⇒ thick
⇒ gross
⇒ large
⇒ ample
⇒ might
⇒ early
⇒ strong
⇒ lustre
⇒ violent
⇒ eminent
⇒ numerous
⇒ dominion
⇒ abundant
⇒ advanced
⇒ greatness
⇒ important
⇒ extensive
⇒ great thing
⇒ considerate
⇒ greater part
⇒ considerable
⇒ great [eminent]
⇒ important matter
⇒ great i.e. large
⇒ distinguished by
⇒ sacred knowledge
⇒ abounding on rich in
⇒ advanced state or time
⇒ anything great or important
Shloka(s):
3|3|79|1 ► महद्राज्यं चावगीतं जन्ये स्याद्गर्हिते त्रिषु। (नानार्थवर्गः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 3|3|79|1 ⇢ महत् (महत्) (नपुं) ⇒ big, many, high, loud, huge, long, power, thick, gross, large, ample, might, early, strong, lustre, violent, eminent, numerous, dominion, abundant, advanced, greatness, important, extensive, great thing, considerate, greater part, considerable, great [eminent], important matter, great i.e. large, distinguished by, sacred knowledge, abounding on rich in, advanced state or time, anything great or important
Related word(s):
जातिः ➡ मानवनिर्मितिः
Word: मुक्ताशुद्धिः
Root: मुक्ताशुद्धिः
Gender: undefined
Number: undefined
Meaning(s):
⇒ high
⇒ good
⇒ loud
⇒ clear
⇒ clean
⇒ saving
⇒ shrill
⇒ radiant
⇒ saviour
⇒ shining
⇒ excellent
⇒ protector
⇒ clear pearl
⇒ well flavoured
⇒ carrying across
⇒ shrill a high tone
⇒ loud or shrill note
⇒ mystical monosyllable
⇒ clearness or transparency of a pearl
⇒ sorghum plant [Andropogon bicolor - Bot.]
Shloka(s):
3|3|166|2 ► मुक्ताशुद्धौ च तारः स्याच्छारो वायौ स तु त्रिषु॥ (नानार्थवर्गः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 3|3|166|2 ⇢ तारः (तार) (पुं) ⇒ high, good, loud, clear, clean, saving, shrill, radiant, saviour, shining, excellent, protector, clear pearl, well flavoured, carrying across, shrill a high tone, loud or shrill note, mystical monosyllable, clearness or transparency of a pearl, sorghum plant [Andropogon bicolor - Bot.]
Related word(s):
स्व_स्वामीसंबन्धः ➡ मौक्तिकम्
गुण-गुणी-भावः ➡ मौक्तिकम्
जातिः ➡ गुणः
Word: उदात्तस्वरः
Root: उदात्तस्वरः
Gender: undefined
Number: undefined
Meaning(s):
⇒ gift
⇒ high
⇒ dear
⇒ work
⇒ lofty
⇒ great
⇒ giving
⇒ gentle
⇒ arisen
⇒ a donor
⇒ haughty
⇒ beloved
⇒ pompous
⇒ elevated
⇒ donation
⇒ generous
⇒ business
⇒ bountiful
⇒ high tone
⇒ sharp tone
⇒ noble life
⇒ come forth
⇒ large drum
⇒ illustrious
⇒ lifted upraised
⇒ high or sharp tone
⇒ acute accent [grammar]
⇒ highly or acutely accented
⇒ kind of musical instrument
⇒ ornament or figure of speech in rhetoric
Shloka(s):
1|6|4|2 ► इतिहासः पुरावृत्तमुदात्ताद्यास्त्रयः स्वराः॥ (शब्दादिवर्गः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 1|6|4|2 ⇢ उदात्तः (उदात्त) (पुं) ⇒ gift, high, dear, work, lofty, great, giving, gentle, arisen, a donor, haughty, beloved, pompous, elevated, donation, generous, business, bountiful, high tone, sharp tone, noble life, come forth, large drum, illustrious, lifted upraised, high or sharp tone, acute accent [grammar], highly or acutely accented, kind of musical instrument, ornament or figure of speech in rhetoric
Related word(s):
परा_अपरासंबन्धः ➡ शब्दः
जातिः ➡ पौरुषेयः
Word: शूद्राक्षत्रियाभ्यामुत्पन्नः
Root: शूद्राक्षत्रियाभ्याम ...
Gender: undefined
Number: undefined
Meaning(s):
⇒ hot
⇒ high
⇒ huge
⇒ cruel
⇒ angry
⇒ noble
⇒ sharp
⇒ acrid
⇒ strong
⇒ savage
⇒ severe
⇒ mighty
⇒ strict
⇒ fierce
⇒ furious
⇒ violent
⇒ pungent
⇒ radical
⇒ terrible
⇒ gruesome
⇒ wrathful
⇒ powerful
⇒ ferocious
⇒ impetuous
⇒ passionate
⇒ formidable
⇒ group of asterisms
⇒ drumstick tree [Hyperanthera Moringa - Bot.]
⇒ twice-born man who perpetrates dreadful deeds
Shloka(s):
2|10|2|2 ► शूद्राक्षत्रिययोरुग्रो मागधः क्षत्रियाविशोः॥ (शूद्रवर्गः)
Synonym(s):
➠ 2|10|2|2 ⇢ उग्रः (उग्र) (पुं) ⇒ hot, high, huge, cruel, angry, noble, sharp, acrid, strong, savage, severe, mighty, strict, fierce, furious, violent, pungent, radical, terrible, gruesome, wrathful, powerful, ferocious, impetuous, passionate, formidable, group of asterisms, drumstick tree [Hyperanthera Moringa - Bot.], twice-born man who perpetrates dreadful deeds
Related word(s):
परा_अपरासंबन्धः ➡ सङ्करवर्णः
जातिः ➡ मनुष्यः
No entries for this word is found.
What is this? (Hidden Dictionary)
To avoid the clutter in the app, the unwanted dictionaries can be hidden to have clear view while browsing. This section shows entries from those hidden dictionaries if any.
How to hide/unhide dictionary?
Every dictionary entry will have top right corner menu . From there, you can hide or unhide dictionary. You must login to use this feature. So, KST can remember your preferences of hidden dictionaries.
